• Title/Summary/Keyword: Practical inference

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Frequentist and Bayesian Learning Approaches to Artificial Intelligence

  • Jun, Sunghae
    • International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2016
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is making computer systems intelligent to do right thing. The AI is used today in a variety of fields, such as journalism, medical, industry as well as entertainment. The impact of AI is becoming larger day after day. In general, the AI system has to lead the optimal decision under uncertainty. But it is difficult for the AI system can derive the best conclusion. In addition, we have a trouble to represent the intelligent capacity of AI in numeric values. Statistics has the ability to quantify the uncertainty by two approaches of frequentist and Bayesian. So in this paper, we propose a methodology of the connection between statistics and AI efficiently. We compute a fixed value for estimating the population parameter using the frequentist learning. Also we find a probability distribution to estimate the parameter of conceptual population using Bayesian learning. To show how our proposed research could be applied to practical domain, we collect the patent big data related to Apple company, and we make the AI more intelligent to understand Apple's technology.

Trends in AI Processor Technology (인공지능프로세서 기술 동향)

  • Lee, M.Y.;Chung, J.;Lee, J.H.;Han, J.H.;Kwon, Y.S.
    • Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.66-75
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    • 2020
  • As the increasing expectations of a practical AI (Artificial Intelligence) service makes AI algorithms more complicated, an efficient processor to process AI algorithms is required. To meet this requirement, processors optimized for parallel processing, such as GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), have been widely employed. However, the GPU has a generalized structure for various applications, so it is not optimized for the AI algorithm. Therefore, research on the development of AI processors optimized for AI algorithm processing has been actively conducted. This paper briefly introduces an AI processor especially for inference acceleration, developed by the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea., and other global vendors for mobile and server platforms. However, the GPU has a generalized structure for various applications, so it is not optimized for the AI algorithm. Therefore, research on the development of AI processors optimized for AI algorithm processing has been actively conducted.

An Expert System for Yarn Spinning Process Planning and Quality Characteristics Control in Textile Industry

  • Kwon, Young-il;Song, Suh-ill
    • Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.147-157
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    • 1992
  • This article describes a prototype expert system for yarn spinning process planning in textile industry. This expert system is intended as a consultant to give the technicians interactive assistance for the appropriate process planning in accordance with used materials, required count, and other factors affected yarn spinning by means of many types of machine. Also, this system has the other function that can be compared the standard values with the measured ones for quality characteristics control. VP-EXPERT-a rule-based microcomputer expert system development tool-provides the expert system components for this development. The details of knowledge organization, rule representation, inference reasoning process, and performance of this expert system are demonstrated with the practical yarn spinning operations.

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A Joint Frailty Model for Competing Risks Survival Data (경쟁위험 생존자료에 대한 결합 프레일티모형)

  • Ha, Il Do;Cho, Geon-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.1209-1216
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    • 2015
  • Competing-risks events are often observed in a clustered clinical study such as a multi-center clinical trial. We propose a joint modelling approach via a shared frailty term for competing risks survival data from a cluster. For the inference we use the hierarchical likelihood (or h-likelihood), which avoids an intractable integration. We derive the corresponding h-likelihood procedure. The proposed method is illustrated via the analysis of a practical data set.

Moments calculation for truncated multivariate normal in nonlinear generalized mixed models

  • Lee, Seung-Chun
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.377-383
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    • 2020
  • The likelihood-based inference in a nonlinear generalized mixed model often requires computing moments of truncated multivariate normal random variables. Many methods have been proposed for the computation using a recurrence relation or the moment generating function; however, these methods rely on high dimensional numerical integrations. The numerical method is known to be inefficient for high dimensional integral in accuracy. Besides the accuracy, the methods demand too much computing time to use them in practical analyses. In this note, a moment calculation method is proposed under an assumption of a certain covariance structure that occurred mostly in generalized mixed models. The method needs only low dimensional numerical integrations.

Second-Order REML for Random Effects Models

  • Ha, Il-Do;Cho, Geon-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2001
  • Random effects models which describe the dependence via random effects in various correlated data have recently received considerable attention in the biomedical literature. They include mixed linear models (MLMs), generatized linear mixed models (GLMMS) and hierarchical generalized linear models (HGLMs). For the inference Lee and Nelder (2000) proposed the first-and second-order REML (restricted maximum likelihood) methods based on hierarchical-likelihood of tee and Welder (1996). In this paper, for Poisson-gamma HGLMs the new methods are theoretically compared with marginal likelihood methods and both methods are illustrated by two practical examples.

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A Study on the Integrated Diagnosis System for Unmanned Substation and Transmission Network in Local Control Center (지역급전 제어소의 무인변전소와 송전망 통합진단 시스템에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Heung-Jae;Lim, Chan-Ho;Choi, Gi-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1995.11a
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    • pp.516-518
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    • 1995
  • This paper presents an integrated fault diagnosis expert system for power systems. The proposed system diagnoses various faults occurred in both substations and transmission lines even in the case that substation fault is spreaded over the network. To cope with this problem, A meta-inference method is proposed. This scheme shares same the data structure with the pre-developed intelligent operational aid expert system installed in a practical sub-control center, without modification. This advanced integrated diagnosis system is developed using a low cost personal computer owing to the special modular programming technique. Case studies show a promising possibility of the proposed method.

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Assessment of Bioequivalence with Dropout Subjects in 3$\times$3 and 3$\times$2 Crossover Design

  • Ko, seoung-gon;Oh, Hyun-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.219-229
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    • 2000
  • Oh et al.(1999) 3$\times$2 crossover design for assessing bioequivalence when two new generic drug formulations and innovator are simultaneously considered. This design is not only more efficient than 3$\times$3 one, proposed by Lee et al.(1998), in practical sense, but also more ethical in medical sense. However, the general statistical methods are not directly applicable to both designs when subjects are dropped out in the experiment, even though it is always possible in bioavailability and bioequivalence studies because of some administrative and economic reasons. In this research we propose an inference to drug effects when subjects are dropped out in the planed-for 3$\times$3 and 3$\times$2 crossover experiments. An example is given for illustration.

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Maximum Likelihood Estimation Using Laplace Approximation in Poisson GLMMs

  • Ha, Il-Do
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.971-978
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    • 2009
  • Poisson generalized linear mixed models(GLMMs) have been widely used for the analysis of clustered or correlated count data. For the inference marginal likelihood, which is obtained by integrating out random effects is often used. It gives maximum likelihood(ML) estimator, but the integration is usually intractable. In this paper, we propose how to obtain the ML estimator via Laplace approximation based on hierarchical-likelihood (h-likelihood) approach under the Poisson GLMMs. In particular, the h-likelihood avoids the integration itself and gives a statistically efficient procedure for various random-effect models including GLMMs. The proposed method is illustrated using two practical examples and simulation studies.

Service System Design Using Fuzzy Service FMEA and HOQ Matrix Algebra (Fuzzy Service FMEA 및 HOQ 행렬 대수를 이용한 서비스 시스템 설계)

  • Kim, Jun-Hong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 2012
  • This study proposes an integrated approach that uses both a fuzzy service FMEA (failure mode and effect analysis) and HOQ (house of quality) matrix algebra in designing and improving a service system. The fuzzy service FMEA methodology applies the customer satisfaction to the fuzzy RPN model. We fuzzify only the service satisfaction that consist in two failure factors, intangible service and tangible service, to more effectively assess the customer satisfactions on service encounters. Proposed fuzzy service satisfactions with triangle membership function are defuzzified by using the Fuzzy Inference System, and these are eventually identified the ranks on the potential fail points. HOQ matrices are constructed from cause-effect relationships. It is possible for these relationship matrix to find a linear approximation solution on the engineering attributes. Thus, in order to demonstrate how the proposed methods work, practical sample of the A/S part in S Electronic Co. provides for the ranking of the engineering attributes which has been successfully implemented.