• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.32-42
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• 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is set to transform patient care by enhancing data collection, analysis, and management through medical sensors and wearable devices. However, the convergence of IoT device vulnerabilities and the sensitivity of healthcare data raises significant data integrity and privacy concerns. In response, this research introduces the Smart-Coord system, a practical and affordable solution for securing healthcare IoT. Smart-Coord leverages blockchain technology and coordinate-based access management to fortify healthcare IoT. It employs IPFS for immutable data storage and intelligent Solidity Ethereum contracts for data integrity and confidentiality, creating a hierarchical, AES-CBC-secured data transmission protocol from IoT devices to blockchain repositories. Our technique uses a unique coordinate system to embed confidentiality and integrity regulations into a single access control model, dictating data access and transfer based on subject-object pairings in a coordinate plane. This dual enforcement technique governs and secures the flow of healthcare IoT information. With its implementation on the Matic network, the Smart-Coord system's computational efficiency and cost-effectiveness are unparalleled. Smart-Coord boasts significantly lower transaction costs and data operation processing times than other blockchain networks, making it a practical and affordable solution. Smart-Coord holds the promise of enhancing IoT-based healthcare system security by managing sensitive health data in a scalable, efficient, and secure manner. The Smart-Coord framework heralds a new era in healthcare IoT adoption, expertly managing data integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility to ensure a secure, reliable digital environment for patient data management.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.375-382
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• 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) still encounter challenges in comprehending domain-specific expressions within construction documents. Analogous to humans acquiring unfamiliar expressions from dictionaries, language models could assimilate domain-specific expressions through the use of a thesaurus. Numerous prior studies have developed construction thesauri; however, a practical issue arises in effectively leveraging these resources for instructing language models. Given that the thesaurus primarily outlines relationships between terms without indicating their relative importance, language models may struggle in discerning which terms to retain or replace. This research aims to establish a robust framework for guiding language models using the information from the thesaurus. For instance, a term would be associated with a list of similar terms while also being included in the lists of other related terms. The relative significance among terms could be ascertained by employing similarity scores normalized according to relevance ranks. Consequently, a term exhibiting a positive margin of normalized similarity scores (termed a pivot term) could semantically replace other related terms, thereby enabling LLMs to comprehend domain-specific terms through these pivotal terms. The outcome of this research presents a practical methodology for utilizing domain-specific thesauri to train LLMs and analyze construction documents. Ongoing evaluation involves validating the accuracy of the thesaurus-applied LLM (e.g., S-BERT) in identifying similarities within construction specification provisions. This outcome holds potential for the construction industry by enhancing LLMs' understanding of construction documents and subsequently improving text mining performance and project management efficiency.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.1281-1281
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• 2024

About 70% of the data generated on building construction sites consists of unstructured data, such as text, photos, videos, etc. However, the text data, which constitutes the largest proportion of unstructured data, has been restrictively utilized. When using standardized data to evaluate safety performance, there are a few difficulties in addressing issues such as lack of data, omissions, and errors. This copes with limitations on the practical evaluation of safety performance on building construction sites. Despite generating extensive text-centric documents, the previous researches on evaluating safety performance levels using unstructured data are still in its infancy. This study proposes a framework for evaluating the safety performance by preprocessing and refining text-based construction supervision documents. In this framework, relevant keywords related to safety performance are extracted from supervision documents, tokenized, and analyzed for association rules among keywords. Based on the results of the association rule analysis, keywords are selected, and the unsatisfactory or satisfactory level of safety performance is quantified using logistic regression analysis, considering the frequency of their occurrence. While the proposed framework focuses on quantifying the safety performance levels of construction sites, it can be expanded to implement integrated performance diagnostics on-site by linking with tools that evaluate diverse performance levels. This extension will allow for a comprehensive assessment of on-site performance. Furthermore, the framework can serve as a tool supporting practical and proactive inspections and responses of safety managers by utilizing unstructured data alongside the traditional approach focused on standardized data for safety performance assessment.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.1308-1308
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• 2024

Computer vision techniques have been widely employed in automated construction management to enhance safety and prevent accidents at construction sites. However, previous research in the field of vision-based approaches has often overlooked small-sized construction tools. These tools present unique challenges in data collection due to their diverse shapes and sizes, as well as in improving model performance to accurately detect and classify them. To address these challenges, this study aimed to enhance the performance of vision-based classifiers for small-sized construction tools, including bucket, cord reel, hammer, and tacker, by leveraging synthetic images generated from a 3D virtual environment. Three classifiers were developed using the YOLOv8 algorithm, each differing in the composition of the training dataset: (i) 'Real-4000', trained on 4,000 authentic images collected through web crawling methods (1,000 images per object); (ii) 'Hybrid-4000', consisting of 2,000 authentic images and 2,000 synthetic images; and (iii) 'Hybrid-8000', incorporating 4,000 authentic images and 4,000 synthetic images. To validate the performance of the classifiers, 144 directly-captured images for each object were collected from real construction sites as the test dataset. The mean Average Precision at an IoU threshold of 0.5 (mAP_0.5) for the classifiers was 79.6%, 90.8%, and 94.8%, respectively, with the 'Hybrid-8000' model demonstrating the highest performance. Notably, for objects with significant shape variations, the use of synthetic images led to the enhanced performance of the vision-based classifiers. Moreover, the practical applicability of the proposed classifiers was validated through confidence scores, particularly between the 'Hybrid-4000' and 'Hybrid-8000' models. Statistical analysis using t-tests indicated that the performance of the 'Hybrid-4000' model would either matched or exceeded that of the 'Hybrid-8000'model based on confidence scores. Thus, employing the 'Hybrid-4000' model may be preferable in terms of data collection efficiency and processing time, contributing to enhanced safety and real-time automation and robotics in construction practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.398-412
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• 2000

The purposes of this study are : (a) to investigate the attitude to various coffee and tea of women, (b) to analyze the characteristics of each classified group according to eating frequency, and (c) to abstract the factors which can influence the consumption of coffee and tea. Questionnaires were hand delivered to 1,200 women residing in Seoul. A total of 1012 was usable: resulting in 84% response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using SAS Package program for the one way-analysis of variance(ANOVA), Duncan's multiple comparison test, factor analysis and analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA). (a) Instant coffee was most consumed(22.1 times a month), green tea in tea bag(8.7), Donggulre tea(8.3), Coffee (72) in order of frequency. Among Korean traditional tea Donggulre tea(8.3) and Yuja tea (2.0) were most prefered but still a minute quantity of Korean traditional tea was enjoyed. (b) Coffee and Black tea was regarded unhealthful but habitual, delicious and familiar beverage. Green tea was regarded good for health but not so habitual, practical and familiar. The consumer awareness can be grouped into 3 clases : Healthy factor, Habitual Practical factor, Familiar factor. (c) The sociodemographic characteristics of women influenced the beverage consumption. Women in their 30s and 40s consumed much of instant coffee and coffee. 10s and 20s consumed much of canned coffee. Working women drank much of instant coffee and green tea in tea bag. Women in highest income group$({\geq}\;4,000,000\;won/month)$ consumed much of coffee. (d) The factors which influenced the eating frquency of those beverages were various. The eating frequency of instant coffee was influenced by the age, familiar factor and habitual practical factor. And coffee were influenced by income level, habitual practical factor. The frequency of green tea in tea bag was influenced by habitual practical factor and familiar factor, green tea was influenced by healthy factor and habitual practical factor, Donggulre tea was influenced by habitual practical factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

This study reviews the current conditions of the completed 'Ecosystem Conservation Fund Return Project' sites to suggest management methods for their conservation and sustainability. For the scope of the study, five microsites of completed return projects in Seoul were selected and their project planning documents were reviewed to help with site surveying and analysis. To increase the accuracy of the site surveying and analysis, and to evaluate the management problems from different perspectives, the site managers were interviewed in-depth. The experts were surveyed as well to develop a realistic and practical improvement method. The survey results helped to categorize the post-management problems, and separate improvement methods were suggested for each category. First, the post-management guidelines are proposed for the ecosystem-based environment/ecosystem environment, user management, and monitoring. These guidelines will increase the expertise and practicality of the management principles. Second, the regulations for the participation of expert management enterprises and the development of separate monitoring or maintenance management team are suggested. These regulations will improve the participation of experts and consistency of management systems. Third, the post monitoring or maintenance management during the year after the project completion should be set as a separate project to secure budget. Furthermore, policies and/or institutions should be established to set a portion of ecosystem conservation return fund or a grant for post monitoring and maintenance management. Forth, as a way of adaptive management, at least more than three years of post-management should be evaluated under detailed categories and vigorous standard to improve the institutional operation for 'Ecosystem Conservation Fund Return Projects'.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.133-163
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• 2007

Growth in the outsourcing market signals that firms of all sizes believe outsourcing will ultimately deliver many benefits and conveniences. But there are not many firms satisfied with the results of outsourcing. What is more, previous researches were fragmentary analyses focused on specific variables of outsourcing such as sourcing decisions, partnership rather than comprehensive analysis. Thus, they could not propose general systematic methodologies applicable to the real situation. To solve these problems, we developed an integrated theoretical framework that considered both contract with the hard side and trust with the soft side from a contingency viewpoint and tested this model using 143 data of Korean companies executing outsourcing. In addition, we examined how situational factors(outsourcing task complexity and outsourcing management competence) affects each path in the research model. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was proved the theory that trust is not a substitute for contract but its complement. Previous empirical studies on outsourcing success factors were focused on the establishment of successful partnership on the assumption that trust can replace contract in many situations. According to the results of our empirical analysis, however, contract and trust were in a mutually complementary relation with each other and their emphasis was different. Furthermore, different from previous researches, it was found effective to use trust as a supplementary tool and contract as a main means in outsourcing management strategy. Second, this study provided an integrated view that sees both contract and trust from a contingency viewpoint in theoretically reestablishing the relationship between contract and trust. Previous researches leaned to specific variables or theory-centered fragmentary analysis, but this study proposed a more practical and integrated research model and tested its effectiveness. Based on the results, with the model, decision makers are expected to scrutinize outsourcing situation more closely and to have a practical insight to the situation. Third, it was found that contract mechanism and trust building do not have a direct effect on outsourcing performance but relationship management intensity mediates the effect of contract mechanism and trust building. This is considered significantly meaningful to outsourcing partners who have believed that outsourcing would be successful if a contract is made properly or trust is built. Lastly, the path from trust building to relationship management intensity was moderated by informed buying, as the path coefficients from trust building to relationship management intensity varied by the degree of informed buying competence.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.57-64
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• 2020

Construction management performs a variety of tasks, and the buildup of the WBS and OBS is one of the core tasks. However, the practical utilization of WBS and OBS is low in the current construction management work. In this study, we conducted a survey of related experts to analyze the understanding, utilization level, application effect, and connectivity of WBS and OBS. As a result, it was identify that the standardization and linkage of WBS and OBS should be secured so that the construction manager (CMr) could apply it. Therefore, we extracted management control factors through expert in-depth interviews and workshops and conducted AHP importance analysis. Analysis results of importance shows that there is a high importance of strengthening the link between WBS and OBS and updating OBS due to changes in WBS. The results presented are not direct solutions, but are expected to provide a standard for construction managers to consider.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2009

For the development and management of u-City(ubiquitous city), Ubiquitous City Construction Law was enacted(March 3, 2008) to form the legal basis of u-City plan, construction and managements afterwards. Among u-City elements, the u-City Management Center has its own meaning and importance in roles which are crucial to the u-City developments, and its legal establishment is one of the core u-City realization factors. The purpose of this study is to analyse its overall problem issues regarding the function and location of u-City Management Center and then to suggest the basic direction and enforcement strategies to form its legal basis. As a result, in order to enhance the possibility of successful realization of u-City Management Center, the classification and standardization of function type, allocation of detailed functions based on u-City project hierarchy, and practical definition and relationships among basic u-City components such as u-City Service and Infrastructure were suggested. Also, practical execution devices on revenue sources and private sector participation, as well as the legal basis stipulating the mandatory inclusion of u-City Management Center development for u-City projects, were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.89-105
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• 2020

This study aimed at analyzing the clothing management units of technology and home economics textbooks in terms of their contents related to Education for Sustainable Development(ESD). The inquisitive tendency of the textbooks was also examined adopting the modified Romey's method, because it is known as an important factor in increasing student's class participation in sustainable clothing management and inducing practical behavior. First, the learning contents of clothing management unit were analyzed according to the social/political/cultural, environmental, and economic perspectives of ESD. As a result, ESD contents from social/political/cultural perspectives (safety, and health and food), environmental perspectives (natural resources, energy, and environmental problem), and the economic perspectives (sustainable production and consumption) were identified, with a heavy focus on environmental perspective. Secondly, Romey's inquisitive content analysis method was modified to analyze texts, pictures/charts, and learning activities of the clothing management unit. In all textbooks, facts and definitions were the dominant types of contents, which means less opportunities for development of inquiry ability. In conclusion, the ESD contents of the clothing management unit are inclined to the environmental perspective, and it is necessary that textbook development would need to be balanced between three perspectives. Also, future textbook authors will need to improve the inquisitive tendency of the textbooks to encourage student participation in class and induce practical application in real life.