• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.13-14
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• 2014

Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) consists of cement, silica fume (SF), sand, fibers, water and superplasticizer. Typical water/binder-ratios are 0.15-0.20 with 20-30% of silica fume. The development off properties of hardening UHPC relates with both hydration of cement and pozzolanic reaction of silicafume. In this paper, by considering the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the pozzolanic reaction, a numerical model is proposed to simulate the hydration of UHPC. The degree of hydration of cement and degree of reaction of silica fume are obtained as accompanied results from the proposed hydration model. The properties of hardening UHPC, such as degree of hydration of cement, calcium hydroxide contents, and compressive strength, are predicted from the contribution of cement hydration and pozzolanic reaction. The proposed model is verified through experimental data on concrete with different water-to-binder ratios and silica fume substitution ratios.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 포졸란 혼화재 혼입에 따라 응결시간과 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 응결시간 발현 특성은 포졸란 혼화재를 사용하였을 때 감소되는 효과와 압축강도가 증가되는 특성을 평가하였다. 포졸란 혼화재의 경우 단독으로 사용할 경우 마이크로 실리카가 초결 및 종결시간 단축 및 압축강도 발현에 효과적이였다. 두가지 이상의 혼화재를 사용하였을 때는 실리카흄을 사용하면서 동시에 소량의 나노 실리카를 사용하는 것이 OPC 대비 응결시간이 62~64 %수준으로 감소하였으며, 강도 수준이 약 1.17배 증가로 성능증진에 효과적이었다. 나노 실리카가 소량의 혼입량으로 응결시간 감소 및 압축강도를 증진시킬 수 있는 것은 포졸란 반응을 일으킴과 동시에 작은 입자크기로 상대적으로 큰 입자로 구성되어있는 실리카 흄과 시멘트 사이의 공극채움 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 나노 소재의 경우 높은 비표면적으로 흐름성 저하의 원인이 되기 때문에 배합 설계 시 화학혼화제의 첨가가 고려되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2015

본 연구는 물-결합재비 20%를 가지는 고강도 고함량 고로슬래그 혼합 시멘트 페이스트의 유동성, 수화열, 응결시간 그리고 강도 발현 특성, 수화 및 포졸란 반응 특성 등을 실험을 통해 관찰하고, 이를 통해 고로슬래그 미분말의 치환률과 분말도가 수화 및 포졸란 반응에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면 물-결합재비가 낮은 고강도 배합에서는 고로슬래그 미분말로 시멘트를 대체함으로써 시멘트와 결합하는 자유수가 상대적으로 증가하는 dilution effect에 의해 시멘트의 초기 수화가 촉진되어 재령 3일부터 28일까지의 초기 강도는 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트만을 사용한 배합보다 더 높게 나타났다. 반면, 재령이 증가하면서 수화반응속도가 급격히 낮아지고, 고로슬래그 미분말로 시멘트를 대량 치환함에 따라 수산화칼슘이 충분히 공급되지 못하므로 포졸란 반응도가 낮아져 장기강도의 발현이 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고로슬래그의 분말도가 높으면 자유수를 더 많이 흡착함으로써 유동성이 저하되고 수화도가 낮아져 강도가 오히려 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 보통 강도 콘크리트와는 다른 경향을 나타내는 것으로 향후 콘크리트 배합에 대해 추가 검증이 필요하며, 고로슬래그 미분말을 대량 혼합한 고강도 콘크리트의 개발을 위해서는 장기 강도의 발현율을 더 높일 수 있는 방안에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.188-189
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• 2022

With the development of nano-reinforcement technology, TiO₂ nanomaterials have received widespread attention as one of the additives without pozzolanic reaction, which can be used to improve the mechanical properties of cement-based materials. Meanwhile, with the development of additive manufacturing technology or known as 3D printing technology, its application in the construction field has also got noticed. Therefore, in this work, the effect of three sizes of TiO₂ on the compressive strength of hardened cement-based materials fabricated by binder jetting 3d printing was evaluated. According to the results, the TiO₂ particles with larger sizes can provide better reinforcement to the hardened cement due to its more significant filling effect.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.68-71
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• 2013

Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is an ultra high strength and high ductility cement-based composite material and has shown some promise as a new generation concrete in construction field. It is characterized by a silica fume-cement mixture with very low water-binder (w/b) ratio and very dense microstructure, which is formed using various powders such as cement, silica fume and very fine quartz sand (0.15~0.4mm) instead of ordinary coarse aggregate. However, the unit weight of cement in RPC is as high as 900~1,000 kg/㎥ due to the use of very fine sand instead of coarse aggregate, and a large volume of relatively expensive silica fume as a high reactivity pozzolan is also used, which is not produced in Korea and thus must be imported. Since the density of RPC has a heavy weight at 2.5~3.0 g/㎤. In this study, the modified RPC was made by the combination of ternary pozzolanic materials such as blast furnace slag and fly ash, silica fume in order to economically and practically feasible for Korea's situation. The fire resistance and structural behavior of the modified RPC exposed to high temperature were investigated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권4호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2023

The aim of this paper is to present a new sustainable ternary and quaternary binder by partially replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with different percentages of supplementary cementitious materials. The motivation is to reduce our dependency on OPC to reduce CO₂ emission and carbon foot print. As the main substitute for the OPC, siliceous fly ash was used. Moreover, silica fume and nanosilica were also used. During examinations the main mechanical parameters of concrete composites, i.e., compressive strength (f_cm) and splitting tensile strength (f_ctm) were assed. The microstructure of these materials was also analysed. It was found that the concrete incorporating pozzolanic materials is characterized by a well-developed structure and has high values of mechanical parameters. The quaternary concrete containing: 80% OPC, 5% FA, 10% SF, and 5% nS have shown the best results in terms of good strength parameters as well as the most favourable microstructure, whereas the worst mechanical parameters with microstructure containing microcracks at phase interfaces were characterized by concrete with more content of FA additive in the concrete mix, i.e., 15%. Nevertheless, all concretes made on quaternary binders had better parameters than the reference one. It can be stated that sustainable concrete incorporating pozzolanic materials could be good substitute of ordinary concretes.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2014

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) consists of cement, silica fume (SF), sand, fibers, water and superplasticizer. Typical water/binder ratios are 0.15 to 0.20 with 20 to 30% silica fume. In the production of ultra-high performance concrete, a significant temperature rise at an early age can be observed because of the higher cement content per unit mass of concrete. In this paper, by considering the production of calcium hydroxide in cement hydration and its consumption in the pozzolanic reaction, a numerical model is proposed to simulate the hydration of ultra-high performance concrete. The heat evolution rate of UHPC is determined from the contributions of cement hydration and the pozzolanic reaction. Furthermore, by combining a blended-cement hydration model with the finite-element method, the temperature history in the hardening of UHPC is evaluated using the degree of hydration of the cement and the silica fume. The predicted temperature-history curves were compared with experimental data, and a good correlation was found.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-38
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• 2010

This research aimed to investigate the influence of high-volume mineral admixtures (MAs), i.e., fly ash and slag, on the hydration characteristics and microstructures of cement pastes. Degree of cement hydration was quantified by the loss-on-ignition technique and degree of pozzolanic reaction was determined by a selective dissolution method. The influence of MAs on the pore structure of paste was measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results showed that the hydration properties of the blended pastes were a function of water to binder ratio, cement replacement level by MAs, and curing age. Pastes containing fly ash exhibited strongly reduced early strength, especially for mix with 45% fly ash. Moreover, at a similar cement replacement level, slag incorporated cement paste showed higher degrees of cement hydration and pozzolanic reaction than that of fly ash incorporated cement paste. Thus, the present study demonstrates that high substitution rates of slag for cement result in better effects on the short- and long-term hydration properties of cement pastes.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2013

Strength and some durability properties of concrete containing rice husk ash (RHA) predominantly composed of amorphous silica at a specific surface of 235 $m^2/kg$ produced using a charcoal incinerator were determined. The maximum ordinary Portland cement (OPC) replacement with the RHA increased with increase in water/binder (w/b) ratio of the concrete mixes. The results show that 15 % OPC could be substituted by the RHAwithout strength loss at w/b ratio of 0.50. The split tensile strength generally increased with increase in RHA content for the mixes.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.449-459
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• 2018

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. Producing economical and durable concrete is possible by employing pozzolanic materials. The aim of this study is to underline the possibility of the utilization of natural zeolite in producing concrete and investigate its effects basically on the strength and durability of concrete. In the production of concrete mixes, Portland cement was replaced by the natural zeolite at ratios of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Concretes were produced with total binder contents of $300kg/m^3$ and $400kg/m^3$, but with a constant water to cement ratio of 0.60. In addition to compressive and flexural strength measurements, freeze-thaw and high temperature resistance measurements, rapid chloride permeability, and capillary water absorption tests were performed on the concrete mixes. Compared to the rest mixes, concrete mixes containing 10% zeolite yielded in with the highest compressive and flexural strengths. The rapid chloride permeability and the capillary measurements were decreased as the natural zeolite replacement was increased. Freeze-thaw resistance also improved significantly as the replacement ratio of zeolite was increased. Under the effect of elevated temperature, natural zeolite incorporated concretes with lower binder content yielded higher compressive strength. However, the compressive strengths of concretes with higher binder content after elevated temperature effect were found to be lower than the reference concrete.