Computers and Concrete

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mechanical, durability and microstructure properties of concrete containing natural zeolite

  • Nas, Memduh (Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University) ;
  • Kurbetci, Sirin (Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University)
  • Received : 2018.07.16
  • Accepted : 2018.11.15
  • Published : 2018.11.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. Producing economical and durable concrete is possible by employing pozzolanic materials. The aim of this study is to underline the possibility of the utilization of natural zeolite in producing concrete and investigate its effects basically on the strength and durability of concrete. In the production of concrete mixes, Portland cement was replaced by the natural zeolite at ratios of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Concretes were produced with total binder contents of $300kg/m^3$ and $400kg/m^3$, but with a constant water to cement ratio of 0.60. In addition to compressive and flexural strength measurements, freeze-thaw and high temperature resistance measurements, rapid chloride permeability, and capillary water absorption tests were performed on the concrete mixes. Compared to the rest mixes, concrete mixes containing 10% zeolite yielded in with the highest compressive and flexural strengths. The rapid chloride permeability and the capillary measurements were decreased as the natural zeolite replacement was increased. Freeze-thaw resistance also improved significantly as the replacement ratio of zeolite was increased. Under the effect of elevated temperature, natural zeolite incorporated concretes with lower binder content yielded higher compressive strength. However, the compressive strengths of concretes with higher binder content after elevated temperature effect were found to be lower than the reference concrete.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahmadi, B. and Shekarchi, M. (2010), "Use of natural zeolite as a supplementary cementitious material", Cement Concrete Compos., 32, 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.10.006
  2. Akca, A.H. and Zihnioglu, N.O. (2013), "High performance concrete under elevated temperatures", Constr. Build. Mater., 44, 317-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.005
  3. Akcaozoglu, K., Fener, M., Akcaozoglu, S. and Ocal R. (2014), "Microstructural examination of the effect of elevated temperature on the concrete containing clinoptilolite", Constr. Build. Mater., 72, 316-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.023
  4. Arioz, O. (2007), "Effects of elevated temperatures on properties of concrete", Fire Saf. J., 42, 516-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.01.003
  5. ASTM C1202 (2012), Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration, American Society of Testing and Materials; Philadelphia, U.S.A.
  6. ASTM C1585 (2013), Standard Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic Cement Concretes, American Society of Testing and Materials; Philadelphia, U.S.A.
  7. ASTM C666 (2015), Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing, American Society of Testing and Materials; Philadelphia, U.S.A.
  8. ASTMC 618-17 (2017), Standard Specifications for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete, ASTM, Philadelphia, USA.
  9. Bai, J., Wild, S. and Sabir, B.B. (2002), "Sorptivity and strength of air-cured and water-cured PC-PFA-MK concrete and the influence of binder composition on carbonation depth", Cement Concrete. Res., 32, 1813-1821. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00872-4
  10. Baradan, B., Yazici, H. and Un, H. (2002), Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures, 1st Edition, DEU Press, Izmir.
  11. Bilim, C. (2011), "Properties of cement mortars containing clinoptilolite as a supplementary cementitious material", Constr. Build. Mater., 25, 3175-3180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.02.006
  12. Canpolat, F., Yilmaz, K., Kose, M.M., Sumer, M. and Yurdusev, M.A. (2004), "Use of zeolite, coal bottom ash and fly ash as replacement materials in cement production", Cement Concrete Res., 34, 731-735. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00063-2
  13. Chan, S.Y.N. and Ji, X. (1999), "Comparative study of the initial surface absorption and chloride diffusion of high performance zeolite, silica fume and PFA concretes", Cement Concrete Compos., 21, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(99)00010-4
  14. Chore, H.S. and Joshi, M.P. (2015), "Strength evaluation of cocnrete with fly ash and GGBFS as cement replacing materials", Adv. Concrete Constr., 3(3), 223-236. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2015.3.3.223
  15. Demirel, B. and Kelestemur, O. (2010), "Effect of elevated temperature on the mechanical properties of concrete produced with finely ground pumice and silica fume", Fire Saf. J., 45, 385-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2010.08.002
  16. Eskandari, H., Vaghefi, M. and Kowsari, K. (2015), "Investigation of mechanical and durability properties of concrete influenced by hybrid nano silica and micro zeolite", Procedia Mater. Sci., 11, 594-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2015.11.084
  17. Fares, H., Remond, S., Noumowe, A. and Cousture, A. (2010), "High temperature behaviour of self- consolidating concrete microstructure and physicochemical properties", Cement Concrete Res., 40, 488-96 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.10.006
  18. Feng, N., Feng, X., Hao, T. and Xing, F. (2002), "Effect of ultrafine mineral powder on the charge passed of the concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 32(4), 623-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00731-1
  19. Feng, N.Q. and Peng, G.F. (2005), "Applications of natural zeolite to construction and building materials in China", Constr. Build. Mater., 19, 579-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.013
  20. Feng, N.Q., Li, G.Z. and Zang, X.W. (1990), "High-strength and flowing concrete with a zeolitic mineral admixture", Cement Concrete Aggreg., 12(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1520/CCA10273J
  21. Hager, I. (2013), "Behaviour of cement concrete at high temperature", Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci.-Tech., 61(1), 145-154.
  22. Hwang, C.L., Bui, L.A.T. and Chen, C.T. (2012), "Application of Fuller's ideal curve and error function to making high performance concrete using rice husk", Comput. Concrete, 10(6), 631-647. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2012.10.6.631
  23. Jana, D. (2007), "A new look to an old pozzolan, clinoptilolite - a promising pozzolan in concrete", Proceedings of the 29th ICMA Conference on Cement Microscopy, Quebec City.
  24. Joshaghani, A., Moeini, M.A. and Balapour, M. (2017), "Evaluation of incorporating metakaolin to evaluate durability and mechanical properties of concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 5(3), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2017.5.3.241
  25. Karakurt, C. and Topcu, I.B. (2012), "Effect of blended cements with natural zeolite and industrial by-products on rebar corrosion and high temperature resistance of concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 35, 906-911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.045
  26. Kocak, Y. and Savas, M. (2016), "Effect of the PC, diatomite and zeolite on the performance of concrete composites", Comput. Concrete, 17(6), 815-829. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.6.815
  27. Kocak, Y., Tasci, E. and Kaya, U. (2013), "The effect of using natural zeolite on the properties and hydration characteristics of blended cements", Constr. Build. Mater., 47, 720-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.033
  28. Lenka, S. and Panda, K.C. (2017), "Effect of metakaolin on the properties of conventional and self compacting concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 5(1), 31-48 https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2017.5.1.31
  29. Lin, W.G., Zhou, Y., Cao, Y., Zhou, S.L., Wan, M.M. and Wan, Y. (2013), "Applying heterogeneous catalysis to health care: in situ elimination of tobacco specific nitrosamine", Catalysis Today, 212, 52-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2012.07.045
  30. Markiv, T., Sobol, K., Franus, M. and Franus, W. (2016), "Mechanical and durability properties of concretes incorporating natural zeolite", Arch. Civil Mech. Eng., 16, 554-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2016.03.013
  31. Mishra, D.K., Dabbawala, A.A. and Hwang, J.S. (2013), "Ruthenium nano particles supported on zeolite Y as an efficient catalyst for selective hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol-", J. Mol. Catal A-Chem., 376, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2013.04.011
  32. Nagrockiene, D. and Girskas, G. (2016), "Research into the properties of concrete modified with natural zeolite addition", Constr. Build.Mater., 113, 964-969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.133
  33. Najimi, M., Sobhani, J., Ahmadi, B. and Shekarchi, M. (2012), "An experimental study on durability properties of concrete containing zeolite as a highly reactive natural pozzolan", Constr. Build. Mater., 35, 1023-1033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.038
  34. Panda, K.C. and Prusty, S.D. (2015), "Influence of sipnozz and rice hust ash on enhancement of concrete strength", Adv. Concrete Constr., 3(3), 203-221. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2015.3.3.203
  35. Peng, G. and Huang, Z. (2008), "Change in microstructure of hardened cement paste subjected to elevated temperatures", Constr. Build. Mater., 22(4), 593-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.11.002
  36. Perraki, Th., Kakali, G. and Kontoleon, F. (2003), "The effect of natural zeolites on the early hydration of Portland cement", Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 61, 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-1811(03)00369-X
  37. Saad, M., Abo-El-Enein, S.A., Hanna, G.B. and Kotkata, M.F. (1996), "Effect of temperature on physical and mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume", Cement Concrete Res., 26(5), 669-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(96)85002-2
  38. Sabet, F.A., Libre, N.A. and Shekarchi, M. (2013), "Mechanical and durability properties of self consolidating high performance concrete incorporating natural zeolite, silica fume and fly ash", Constr. Build. Mater., 44, 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.069
  39. Sadrmomtazi, A., Tahmouresi, B. and Amooie, M. (2017), "Permeability and mechanical properties of binary and ternary cementitious mixtures", Adv. Concrete Constr., 5(5), 423-436. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2017.5.5.423
  40. Sreeharsha, N. and Ramana, K.V. (2016), "Study on the strength characteristics of concrete with partial replacement of cement by zeolite and metakaolin", Int. J. Innovat. Res. Sci. Eng. Tech., 5(12), 20363-20371.
  41. Stanislao, C., Rispoli, C., Vola, G., Cappelletti, P., Morra, V. and Gennaro, M.D. (2011) "Contribution to the knowledge of ancient Roman seawater concretes: Phlegrean pozzolan adopted in the construction of the harbour at Soli-Pompeiopolis (Mersin. Turkey)", Period. Miner., 80, 471-88.
  42. Sun, Z. and Scherer, G.W. (2010), "Effect of air voids on salt scaling and internal freezing", Cement Concrete Res., 40(2), 260-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.09.027
  43. Tabatabaeian, M., Khaloo, A., Joshaghani, A. and Hajibandeh, E. (2017), "Experimental investigation on effects of hybrid fibers on rheological, mechanical, and durability properties of highstrength SCC", Constr. Build. Mater., 147, 497-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.181
  44. TS EN-197-1 (2012), Cements-Part 1: Compositions and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements, Turkish Standards Institute, TSE, Ankara, Turkey.
  45. TS EN 196-1 (2009), Methods of Testing Cement. Part 1. Determination of Strength, Turkish Standard Institute, TSE, Ankara, Turkey.
  46. Uzal, B., Turanli, L. and Mehta, P.K. (2007), "High-volume natural pozzolan concrete for structural applications", ACI Mater. J., 104(5), 535-8.
  47. Uzal, B., Turanli, L., Yucel, H., Goncuoglu, M.C. and Culfaz, A. (2010), "Pozzolanic activity of clinoptilolite: A comparative study with silica fume, fly ash and a non-zeolitic natural pozzolan", Cement Concrete Res., 40, 398-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.10.016
  48. Valipour, M., Pargar, F., Shekarchi, M. and Khani, S. (2013a), "Comparing a natural pozzolan, zeolite, to metakaolin and silica fume in terms of their effect on the durability characteristics of concrete: A laboratory study", Constr. Build. Mater., 41, 879-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.054
  49. Valipour, M., Pargar, F., Shekarchi, M., Khani, S. and Moradian, M. (2013b), "In situ study of chloride ingress in concretes containing natural zeolite, metakaolin and silica fume exposed to various exposure conditions in a harsh marine environment", Constr. Build. Mater., 46, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.026
  50. Vejmelkova, E., Keppert, M., Ondracek, M. and Cerny, R. (2013), "Effect of natural zeolite on the properties of high performance concrete", Cement Wapno Beton, 18(3), 150-159.
  51. Vejmelkova, E., Konakova, D., Kulovana, T., Keppert, M., Zumar, J., Rovnanikova, Pavla, Kersner, Z., Sedlmajer, M. and Cerny, R. (2015), "Engineering properties of concrete containing natural zeolite as supplementary cementitious material: Strength, toughness, durability, and hygrothermal performance", Cement Concrete Compos., 55, 259-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.09.013
  52. Xie, Q., Xie, J., Chi, L.N., Li, C.J., Wu, D.Y., Zhang, Z.J. and Kong, H. (2013), "A new sorbent that simultaneously sequesters multiple classes of pollutants from water: surfactant modified zeolite", China Technol. Sci, 56, 1749-1757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-013-5232-3
  53. Yilmaz, B., Ucar, A., Oteyaka, B. and Uz, V. (2007), "Properties of zeolitic tuff (clinoptilolite) blended portland cement", Build. Environ., 42, 3808-3815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.11.006

Cited by

  1. Concept of Evaluation of Mineral Additives’ Effect on Cement Pastes’ Durability and Environmental Suitability vol.14, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061448
  2. Effect of basalt fiber on the freeze-thaw resistance of recycled aggregate concrete vol.28, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2021.28.2.115