• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.425-442
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• 2015

This paper addresses theoretically the bending and buckling behaviors of size-dependent nanobeams made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) including the thickness stretching effect. The size-dependent FGM nanobeam is investigated on the basis of the nonlocal continuum model. The nonlocal elastic behavior is described by the differential constitutive model of Eringen, which enables the present model to become effective in the analysis and design of nanostructures. The present model incorporates the length scale parameter (nonlocal parameter) which can capture the small scale effect, and furthermore accounts for both shear deformation and thickness stretching effects by virtue of a sinusoidal variation of all displacements through the thickness without using shear correction factor. The material properties of FGM nanobeams are assumed to vary through the thickness according to a power law. The governing equations and the related boundary conditions are derived using the principal of minimum total potential energy. A Navier-type solution is developed for simply-supported boundary conditions, and exact expressions are proposed for the deflections and the buckling load. The effects of nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio and various material compositions on the static and stability responses of the FGM nanobeam are discussed in detail. The study is relevant to nanotechnology deployment in for example aircraft structures.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.421-441
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• 2014

With the assistance of typhoon field data at aerial elevation level observed by meteorological satellites and wind velocity and direction records nearby the ground gathered in Guangzhou Weather Station between 1985 and 2001, some key wind field parameters under typhoon climate in Guangzhou region were calibrated based on Monte-Carlo stochastic algorithm and Meng's typhoon numerical model. By using Peak Over Threshold method (POT) and Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD), Wind field characteristics during typhoons for various return periods in several typical engineering fields were predicted, showing that some distribution rules in relation to gradient height of atmosphere boundary layer, power-law component of wind profile, gust factor and extreme wind velocity at 1-3s time interval are obviously different from corresponding items in Chinese wind load Codes. In order to evaluate the influence of typhoon field parameters on long-span flexible bridges, 1:100 reduced-scale wind field of type B terrain was reillustrated under typhoon and normal conditions utilizing passive turbulence generators in TJ-3 wind tunnel, and wind-induced performance tests of aero-elastic model of long-span Guangzhou Xinguang arch bridge were carried out as well. Furthermore, aerodynamic admittance function about lattice cross section in mid-span arch lib under the condition of higher turbulence intensity of typhoon field was identified via using high-frequency force-measured balance. Based on identified aerodynamic admittance expressions, Wind-induced stochastic vibration of Xinguang arch bridge under typhoon and normal climates was calculated and compared, considering structural geometrical non-linearity, stochastic wind attack angle effects, etc. Thus, the aerodynamic response characteristics under typhoon and normal conditions can be illustrated and checked, which are of satisfactory response results for different oncoming wind velocities with resemblance to those wind tunnel testing data under the two types of climate modes.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.356-364
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• 2017

전기철도 차량은 검수를 위한 단계가 복잡하며, 안전사고에 대한 위험도 내포하고 있다. 이동식 전차선 시스템은 복잡한 과정의 검수고 입환 시스템에 대해 단순화가 가능하도록 하며, 사용자 편의성을 제공하고 안전성을 확보한다는 측면에서 매우 유용한 시스템이다. 본 논문에서는 기존 이동식전차선 대비 사용상 장점이 있고 국내 직류 시스템에 첫 적용되는 강체전차선을 적용하여 기계적인 내구성, 편의성, 작업자 안전성을 확보한 철도차량용 이동식 전차선 시스템에 대해 성능평가 및 연구개발 결과를 정리를 포함하여 현장설치를 위한 기본적인 특성을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 결론적으로 반복적인 사용 환경에 대한 내구성, 기계적인 하중에 대한 내구성, 안전성 등 요구 사양에서 우수한 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2021

In this study, an Excel-based model (ROADMOD) was developed to estimate pollutant loading from the road and evaluate BMPs. ROADMOD employs the Chezy-Manning equation and empirical expression for estimating surface runoff, and power function for pollutant buildup, and exponential function for pollutant washoff in SWMM. The results of model calibration for buildup and washoff using observed data revealed a good match between the simulation results and the observed data. The long-term surface runoff and sediment simulated by ROADMOD demonstrated a good match with those by SWMM with 2 ~ 14% of relative error. The shorter sweeping interval (within 8 days) remarkably decreased sediment loads from the road. It was found that the effect of reducing sediment loads from the road was greatly affected not only by the sweeping interval but also by sweeping on the day before a rainfall event. The 48% of removal efficiency of sediment loads from the road was achieved with 26 times of road sweeping per year when sweeping was performed on the day before the rainfall event. A 4-day sweeping interval showed similar removal efficiency (48%) with 96 times of sweeping per year. It is considered that the road sweeping on the day before a rainfall event could maximize the effect of reducing the non-point source pollution from the road with minimization of the number of road sweeping. So, the road sweeping on the day before a rainfall event can be considered as one of the useful and best management practices (BMPs) on road.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2019

Recently, due to labor shortages in rural areas within South Korea, the demand for upland-field machinery is growing. In addition, there is a lack of development of systematic performance testing of upland-field machinery. Thus, this study examined structural safety and drawbar pull based on soil properties, as a first step for systematic performance testing on the test bed. First, the properties of soil samples from 10 spots within the experimental site were examined. Second, the strain was measured and converted into stress on 8 points of an onion harvester that are likely to fail. More specifically, the chosen parts are linked to the power, along with the drawbar pull, using a 6-component load cell equipped between the tractor and the onion harvester. The water content of the soil ranged between 5.7%-7.5%, and the strength between 250-1171 kPa. The test soil was subsequently classified into loam soil based on the size distribution ratio of the sieved soil. The onion harvester can be considered as structurally safe based on the derived safety factor and the drawbar pull of 115-1194 kgf, according to the working speed based on agricultural fieldwork.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Spool displacement of a direction control valve is the standard signal to measure the bandwidth frequency of the direction control valve. When the spool displacement signal is not available, it is suggested in this study to use the metering hydraulic line as an alternative way to measure - 90 degree phase bandwidth frequency of the hydraulic direction control valve. Dynamics of the hydraulic line is composed of inertia, capacitance, and friction effects. The effect of oil inertia is dominant in common hydraulic line dynamics and the line dynamics is close to a derivative action in a range of high frequency; such as a range of bandwidth frequency of common directional control valves. Phase difference between spool displacement and line load pressure is nearly constant as a valve close to 90 degree. If phase difference is compensated from the phase between valve input and pressure, compensated phase may be almost same as the phase of spool displacement that is a standard signal to measure phase bandwidth frequency of the directional control valve. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the possibility of using line pressure in to measure phase bandwidth frequency of a directional control valve. Phase bandwidth frequency could be measured with relatively high precision based on metering hydraulic line technique and it reveals consistent results even when valve input, oil temperature, and supply pressure change.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2019

Gondola is widely used as a construction facility to perform external finishing work without using scaffolding at a construction site. However, since 2000, there have been 17 deaths from now so these risks associated with work can not be ignored. Therefore, it is expected that it will contribute greatly to prevent related disasters if introducing necessary measures to prevent repeated related disasters and installing additional safety devices. In order to eliminate the risk factor according to the operation of the gondola, it is necessary for the operator to use it to use it while the examination of each product is completed, and to use the over load Dangerous arbitrary measures such as arbitrary operation of the prevention device, removal of the safety fence for convenience of work, installation of the wire rope installed in the air, falling out of the wire rope and falling to the ground Do not perform such sealing measures so that any operation of the overload prevention device can not be done so as not to take such arbitrary measures, or wire the power supply wire to the safety fence so as not to delete the safety fence. Then, when the safety fence is removed, so that it does not become a gondola operation, or when replacing the wire rope in the air, to prevent the wire rope from coming off, Additional measures such as installing falling down prevention device may be necessary.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2019

전기 자동차의 배터리 충전용 OBC는 주로 PFC회로와 절연형 DC-DC 컨버터 회로를 포함한 2단으로 구성된다. 일반적으로 PFC 회로로는 구조가 간단한 비절연형 부스트 컨버터가 사용되고, 절연형 DC-DC 컨버터로는 ZVS(Zero Voltage Switching)가 가능한 공진형 컨버터가 이용되고 있다. 전기자동차의 주행거리 증가에 따른 넓은 배터리 출력에 대응하기 위해서는 OBC의 넓은 출력범위가 필요하지만, 이러한 시스템 회로 구성에서는 ZVS를 위한 회로설계의 한계와 제어기 구성이 복잡해지기 때문에 배터리 충전에 요구되는 넓은 범위의 출력에 효과적으로 대응하기에는 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 절연형 전류원 방식의 PFC 회로와 벅 DC-DC 컨버터로 구성된 OBC를 제안하였다. 제안된 OBC는 회로 및 제어기 구성이 용이하고, 넓은 출력범위에 대한 대응이 가능하다. 제안된 회로의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 3.3㎾급 시작품을 제작 하였으며, 동작결과 출력전압 150V~400V에서 동작안정성 및 정격 부하 조건에서 최대 효율 94.4%, 최대 역률 99.2%를 확인하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 머신 러닝 기법을 활용하여 공장에서 발생하는 에너지 사용량에 대한 데이터 분석 및 패턴 추출에 대해 다룬다. 통계학이나 기존의 방법들은 몇 가지 물리적 특성을 반영하는 수학적 모델을 구축하는 반면, 머신 러닝을 통한 접근방법은 데이터 학습을 통하여 모델의 계수들을 결정하게 된다. 기존의 방법들은 특정한 구조를 갖는 수학적 모델을 구축해야 한다는 어려움이 있으며 과연 데이터의 특징들을 잘 반영하는지에 대한 의문이 존재했다. 그러나 머신 러닝을 통한 방법은 사람이 구축하기 어려운 작업들을 용이하게 구축한다는 장점을 가지고 있기 때문에 데이터 간의 관계를 파악하기에 더 효율적이라는 장점을 가지고 있다. 공장의 에너지 소비에 직접적으로 영향을 끼치는 요소들이 존재하며 이러한 전력 소비는 시간에 따른 데이터로 나타나게 된다. 각 요소들로부터 발생하는 소비 전력을 계측하고 데이터 베이스를 구축하기 위해 각 요소에 센서를 장착하였다. 취득된 데이터에 대해 전처리 과정 및 통계적인 분석을 거친 뒤, 머신 러닝을 통해 패턴을 분석하는 과정을 거쳤다. 이를 통해 공장에서 발생하는 소비 전력 데이터에 대한 패턴 분석을 진행하였다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the safety factor of range-shift gear pairs on multi-purpose agricultural implement machinery for an optimal design of a transmission system. Gear-strengths such as bending and contact stress and safety factors were analyzed under three load conditions: an equivalent engine torque at plow tillage, a rated engine torque, and the maximum engine torque. Root and contact safety factor were calculated to be 3.88, 5.14, 2.24, 2.11, 2.21, 0.99 and 0.78, 0.94, 0.65, 0.68, 0.84, 0.85, respectively, under equivalent engine torque condition at the plow tillage. The root and contact safety factor were calculated to be 1.91, 2.53, 1.10, 1.04, 1.07, 0.48 and 0.55, 0.66, 0.46, 0.48, 0.59, 0.59, respectively, under rated engine torque condition. The root and contact safety factor were calculated to be 1.60, 2.11, 0.92, 0.87, 0.90, 0.40 and 0.51, 0.61, 0.42, 0.44, 0.54, 0.54, respectively, under the maximum engine torque condition. The multi-purpose agricultural implement machinery could be conducted under plow tillage operation. However, gear specifications for tooth surface need modification because the gear surface would be broken at all driving conditions as safety factors are lower than 1.