• Title/Summary/Keyword: Power Fundamentals

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A Study on Over Current Protection Method of Unified Power Quality Conditioners (통합 전력품질 제어기의 과전류 보호방법에 관한 연구)

  • 이우철;김한정
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.22-28
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    • 2002
  • A protection scheme for Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is presented and analyzed in this paper. The proposed UPQC has the series active power filter operated as a high impedance k($\Omega$) to the fundamentals when the over current occurs in the power distribution system, and three control strategies are proposed in this paper. The first is the method by detecting the fundamental source current through the p-q theory,[1] the second is the method by detecting the fundamental component of load current in Synchronous Reference Frame(SRF) and the third is the method by detecting the input voltage. When the over current occurs in the power distribution system, the proposed scheme protects the UPQC without additional protection circuits. The validity of proposed protection scheme is investigated through simulation results.

Plasma Generation of Ferroelectric Ball/Mica Sheet Double Barrier Discharge (운모박판(雲母薄板)/강유전체소구(强誘電體小球) 복합장벽방전(複合障壁放電)의 플라즈마발생특성)

  • Geum, Sang-Taek;Moon, Jae-Duk
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1995.07c
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    • pp.1314-1316
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    • 1995
  • Basic discharge characteristics of a ferroelectric ball and mica sheet double barrier have been studied for learning the fundamentals of the barrier discharges and for checking the potential to be used as a plasma generator. It is found that plasma generation of the plasma generator was influenced greatly by the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric ball barrier and applied power frequency. As a result, there are optimum conditions of the dielectric constant as a barrier and the applied frequency to generate ozone effectively, which were ${\varepsilon}_r$=600 and f=4 kHz at the present experimental case.

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Muffler Design Using Transmission Loss Prediction Considering Heat and Flow (열과 유동을 고려한 음장해석을 통한 머플러의 설계)

  • Kim, Hyunsu;Kang, Sang-Kyu;Lim, Yun-Soo
    • Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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    • v.24 no.8
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    • pp.600-605
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    • 2014
  • Two mufflers for a large-size sedan are suggested aiming (1) sporty-sound and (2) quiet-sound as well as both satisfying low back-pressure and low manufacturing cost. Transmission loss prediction considering heat and flow may increase the accuracy and reduce the development cost in muffler design; thus, GT-power prediction considering heat, flow, and acoustics is utilized. By understanding the fundamentals of flow-acoustic theory in small orifice(hole), an effective muffler design concept is proposed. Vehicle tests show the consistence with predictions for sound; also a back-pressure test bench confirms the advantage in pressure drop for both suggested mufflers. Those suggested mufflers also have advantages in manufacturing cost due to simplicity of the design.

Polymer Solar Cells: Fundamentals and Recent Trends

  • Kim, Young-Kyoo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2011.08a
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    • pp.61-61
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    • 2011
  • Polymer solar cells have become one of the rising next generation solar cells due to their potential for lightweight and bendable plastic solar modules. Recently, the power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells has reached ~8 %, which can make ~6 % plastic solar modules when it comes to the modular aperture ratio of ~80 %. Although this efficiency is far behind that of conventional inorganic solar cells, the plastic solar modules are expected to create new energy market into which the inorganic solar modules could not make inroads. In the near future, the plastic solar modules can be integrated with consumer electronics that should overcome the regulation of energy consumption. For this application, the polymer solar cells should be fabricated in a variety of module shapes, which can be resolved by employing conventional and/or advanced coating and molding technologies of plastics products. In this tutorial, the fundamental aspect of polymer solar cells will be briefly introduced and then recent trends in terms of materials and devices will be reviewed together with showing recent results in organic nanoelectronics laboratory.

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Asynchronous 2-Phase Protocol Based on Ternary Encoding for On-Chip Interconnect

  • Oh, Myeong-Hoon;Kim, Seong-Woon
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.822-825
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    • 2011
  • Level-encoded dual-rail (LEDR) has been widely used in onchip asynchronous interconnects supporting a 2-phase handshake protocol. However, it inevitably requires 2N wires for N-bit data transfers. Encoder and decoder circuits that perform an asynchronous 2-phase handshake protocol with only N wires for N-bit data transfers are presented for on-chip global interconnects. Their fundamentals are based on a ternary encoding scheme using current-mode multiple valued logics. Using 0.25 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technologies, the maximum reduction ratio of the proposed circuits, compared with LEDR in terms of power-delay product, was measured as 39.5% at a wire length of 10 mm and data rate of 100 MHz.

A NEW BOOK: 'LIGHT-WATER REACTOR MATERIALS'

  • OLANDER DONALD R.;MOTTA ARTHUR T.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.309-316
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    • 2005
  • The contents of a new book currently in preparation are described. The dearth of books in the field of nuclear materials has left both students in nuclear materials classes and professionals in the same field without a resource for the broad fundamentals of this important sub-discipline of nuclear engineering. The new book is devoted entirely to materials problems in the core of light-water reactors, from the pressure vessel into the fuel. Key topics deal with the $UO_2$ fuel, Zircaloy cladding, stainless steel, and of course, water. The restriction to LWR materials does not mean a short monograph; the enormous quantity of experimental and theoretical work over the past 50 years on these materials presents a challenge of culling the most important features and explaining them in the simplest quantitative fashion. Moreover, LWRs will probably be the sole instrument of the return of nuclear energy in electric power production for the next decade or so. By that time, a new book will be needed.

Applying an Artificial Neural Network to the Control System for Electrochemical Gear-Tooth Profile Modifications

  • Jianjun, Yi;Yifeng, Guan;Baiyang, Ji;Bin, Yu;Jinxiang, Dong
    • International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2007
  • Gears, crucial components in modern precision machinery for power transmission mechanisms, are required to have low contacting noise with high torque transmission, which makes the use of gear-tooth profile modifications and gear-tooth surface crowning extremely efficient and valuable. Due to the shortcomings of current techniques, such as manual rectification, mechanical modification, and numerically controlled rectification, we propose a novel electrochemical gear-tooth profile modification method based on an artificial neural network control technique. The fundamentals of electrochemical tooth-profile modifications based on real-time control and a mathematical model of the process are discussed in detail. Due to the complex and uncertain relationships among the machining parameters of electrochemical tooth-profile modification processes, we used an artificial neural network to determine the required processing electric current as the tooth-profile modification requirements were supplied. The system was implemented and a practical example was used to demonstrate that this technology is feasible and has potential applications in the production of precision machinery.

ENHANCING TIG WELD PERFORMANCE THROUGH FLUX APPLICATION ATIG AND FBTIG PROCESSES

  • Marya, S.
    • Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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    • 2002.10a
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    • pp.70-75
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    • 2002
  • The penetration potential of TIG welding in one single run is limited, though the process itself generates high quality welds with good weld cosmetics. This is one of the main reasons, which has contributed to its development in high duty applications such as those encountered in aeronautical, aerospace, nuclear & power plant applications. For these applications, stainless steels, titanium k nickel based alloys are most often used. As these materials remain very sensible to weld heat input k atmospheric pollution, stringent processing conditions are imposed. For example welding of titanium alloys requires argon shielding of weld zone and for 5 mm thick plates multi-pass runs & filler additions are required. This multi-run operation not only raises the welding cost, but also increases defect risks. In recent years, extensive interest has been raised by the possibility to increase weld penetrations through flux applications & the process is designated ATIG-activated TIG, or FBTIG-flux bounded TIG. The improved welding performance of such flux assisted TIG is related to arc constriction and surface tension effects on weld pool. The research work by authors has lead to the formulation of welding fluxes for stainless steels k titanium alloys with TIG Process. These fluxes are now commercialized & some applications in industry have already been carried out. FBTIG for aluminum has been proposed with silica application for AC mode TIG welding. The paper highlights the fundamentals of flux role in TIG welding and illustrates some industrial applications.

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Tele-metering

  • Hearte, L.O.
    • 전기의세계
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    • v.2
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 1949
  • Telemetering may be described as the art of metering at a considerable distance those quantities which are ordinarily encountered in industry, and in the generation of electric power. It is in the production of electric power that telemetering is particularly important, for it permits the system operator, or load dispatcher, to have before him at all times a continuous graphic record of the power output of each individual generating station together with an automatically made continuous graphic record of the total system output. There desired individual graphic records may be obtained showing power flow in or out, on important tie lines, etc. Such arrangements have the very great advantage that loads may be assigned to each generating station so that the best over-all system economy may be obtained and the system operator at all times may see with his own eyes that loads scheduled are actually held at the various stations. Moreover, with such equipment, in the event of system or station trouble the load dispatcher can see exactly what station, or stations, are affected and to what extent, without having to get in touch with anyone by telephone. Decisions can, therefore, be quickly reached for rescheduling the load. One of the most accurate and reliable telemetering systems is based on the use of potentiometric circuits, the fundamentals of which are discussed below. A member of such telemetering systems have been installed for the Boston Edicon Co., Boston, Massachusetts, the Consolidated Edison Co. of New York City. The Public Service Gas & Electric Co. of Newark, new Jersey. The Philadelphia Electric Co. for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for their electrified zone between New York and Washington a distance of over 200 miles. The scale of the totalizing recorder for the New York area is 3,000,00 KW. That of the totalizing recorder for the Philadelphia area is 2,000,000 KW. The initial installation using this type of equipment described was placed in service for the Philadelphia Electric Co. in 1923. All of the original recording instruments are still in service, later instruments have been added to take care of additions to the power system and naturally these later recorders have incorporated in those refinements in design made since the earlier ones were manufactured. Many other installations of similar equipment have been made in the United States in various locations such as at St. Louis, on the West Coast, at Baltimore and in Washington, D.C. While the use of these basic potentiometric circuits involves the use of continuous metallic circuits of good insulation resistance and free of grounds, nevertheless, intermediate transmission links, involving and impulse method suitable for use on telephone Morse carrier channels is available. This same method may be employed on power line carrier systems and is also suitable for use on beam type microwave transmission. Many impulse type units are also used as a link in these potantiometric methods. For the sake of brevity a description is given only of these basic potentiometric circuits. If there is sufficient interest in Korea, a further paper can be given covering those impulse circuits also.

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Performance Evaluation and Signal Analysis of In-Band Full-Duplex System with ADC Effect (ADC 효과를 고려한 In-Band Full-Duplex 시스템의 신호 분석 및 성능 평가)

  • An, Changyoung;Ryu, Heung-Gyoon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.40 no.11
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    • pp.2131-2141
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, we analyze ADC effect in IBFD system. Also, we design IBFD system with ADC effect, and evaluate BER performance of the system according to power of self-interference. Firstly, we describe a fundamentals of general IBFD system. And then we calculate and analyze characteristics of desired signal before and after ADC when residual self-interference is added to desired signal after RF cancellation. In this calculation, we have confirm some conditions for selection of # of ADC bit. Finally, we design IBFD system with ADC effect, and evaluate BER performance of the system by using Simulink simulation tool. As simulation results, we have confirmed that when power of residual self-interference is high before ADC, IBFD system must use high-bit ADC for decreasing quantization step. Also, we have confirmed that quantization step should be lower than one-third of amplitude of desired signal for effective communication with good performance.