• 한국사회복지학
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.85-106
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은, 우리나라 광역 지방자치단체를 중심으로, 지역간 빈곤의 실태를 비교하고, 지역의 경제 사회적 특성에 기초한 요인을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 1998년부터 2006년까지 제주도를 제외한 15개 광역 시 도의 빈곤율을 한국노동패널자료를 활용하여 측정하고, 각 지역의 정치, 경제, 인구구조, 고용, 산업구조, 재정 측면의 다양한 변수를 포함하여 결합회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석의 결과, 우리나라 절대적 빈곤율의 평균 수치는 13.19%이고, 상대적 빈곤율은 15.50%이며, 최근 들어 두가지 지표 모두 악화되는 경향을 보이고 있다. 그리고 강원도와 충청남도의 빈곤 수준이 상대적으로 높게 나타나며, 서울특별시와 울산광역시에서 낮게 나타나고 있다. 또한 높은 수준의 재정자립도, 사회복지비 지출 수준, 상용직 비율과 제조업 종사자 비율 등이 지역의 빈곤율을 감소하는데 긍정적인 역할을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 기존의 사람에 기반(people-based)한 반빈곤 정책의 효과성을 높이기 위해서는 지역에 기반(place-based)한 다양한 정책적 모색이 필요하다는 사실을 제언하였다.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2014

Little attempt has been made to empirically investigate the effects of childhood poverty on children's educational attainments and their everyday life in Bangladesh. Quality education is a prominent aspiration in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), but there are few studies of school improvement in relation to the educational achievement of disadvantaged children living in rural Bangladesh. This article offers a theoretical understanding of childhood poverty and educational exclusion, building on the empirical research carried out in two rural areas to explore the following questions: Why do so many socio-economically disadvantaged children tend to dropout from formal secondary school? and Why do some succeed? After exploring the challenges of childhood poverty and educational exclusion, it shows how the challenges could be mitigated through attention to the ecology of human development in the contexts of individual children. Complex ways in which efforts can be made to tackle the challenges of childhood poverty are influenced by ecological factors within the context of the study. Recommendations for policy and practice are offered based on the findings to improve formal secondary schooling for socio-economically disadvantaged children in Bangladesh.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2023

There is a strong association between poverty levels and the probability of natural disasters. East Java, however, exhibits a distinct pattern. While the rate of poverty is declining, natural disasters are becoming more severe. Considering that East Java is an area with a high risk of natural disasters and a high poverty rate, this study aims to estimate the effect of environmental preservation and the magnitude of the impact of disasters as measured by the Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) on poverty. The 3SLS model is used on secondary data from 38 districts/cities from 2015 to 2021 as an analytical database. Based on the estimation results, there are 3 findings in this study: (i) the role of government, population development, and economic activity have a strong influence on nature conservation; (ii) nature conservation has a strong influence on disaster risk; and (iii) the disaster risk index has a strong effect on poverty. As a result, areas with a high level of disaster risk have a slower rate of poverty reduction. The role of this research is to show the need for the government's role in improving the quality of natural disaster mitigation anticipation, economic activity, and the role of the population in a sustainable manner.

• 아동학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.67-82
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• 1981

The present study was intended to investigate ecological characteristics of poverty areas in Seoul from the perspectives of children's development. More specifically, the objectives of the study are to examine environmental ecology of the poverty areas and it's potential psycho-social development of children. Three poverty areas and 150 children currently living in the are as were sampled ; 70 children from middle class families and 88 from lower class respectively. Focal ecological aspects surveyed family environment, outdoor play ground and facilities, and village housing structures. Psycho-social dimension's development dealt with in the study included children's perceptions of parental child rearing practices and role taking, and children's future perception and perspectives. Data were collected through interviews and observations using structured formats. Following results were obtained from the data : 1. Children from the poverty families showed a higher tendency to have working mothers than those from middle class. 2. The rate of having single room is higher for children from middle class by two times than from lower class. 3. Children from lower class tended to have less favorable perceptions of attitudes tote and their own families than those from middle class. 4. The likelihood of showing discrepancy in vocational choice for children between parents and children is higher for children from lower class and those from middle class. 5. Children from lower class tended to allot more time in playing with peers than those from middle class. 6. The size of outdoor play ground are inadequately poor both for middle and lower class children. The inadequateness is particularly severe for the lower class children, showing that the size and facilities of playing ground available for the child from lower class is less than half compared with those of the children from middle class.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2015

Purpose - This study reviews Cameroon's economic growth, crisis, and recovery, aiming to: review the principal factors of Cameroon's real economic growth; explore the causes of its economic crisis analyze the determinants of its economic recovery; and suggest appropriate policies to ameliorate economic growth. Research design, data, and methodology - By reviewing the relevant literature and economic indicators, we observed that from the 1980s to the present, Cameroon experienced all the possible business cycle phases: economic prosperity (until 1985), economic and social crisis (1986-1994), and renewed economic growth (after 1995). Results - As a result of the economic changes in Cameroon, its macroeconomic indicators have evolved. Poverty and inequality have changed in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Throughout the examined period, rural poverty has become more widespread, deeper, and more severe than urban poverty, while inequality has experienced greater increases in urban areas relative to rural zones. Conclusions -To reap maximum benefits and reduce poverty from these economic changes, Cameroon needs to liberalize trade and foreign exchange transactions to attract foreign investment, especially during the current globalization.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2020

Livelihood capitals have a clear influence on livelihood development. As for the livelihood results, it has been pointed out in the analysis of the poor households that the ability of people to escape poverty depends especially on the access to livelihood capitals. This study aims to analyze the impacts of livelihood capital on poverty among mountain people who depend on forests through human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and financial capital. This research employs the model of binary regression function. Independent variables x1, x2, …, xn are targets of livelihood strategy, vulnerability context, and livelihood capitals. These variables were selected to be included in the original model with dependent variable Y as poor and non-poor households. This study surveys households living in upland areas, near forests, and households of ethnic minorities. The results show that,out of the poor household rate, nearly 4% are newly-poor households or those falling back into poverty. Therefore, the government needs to pay more attention to this disadvantaged group and implements policies such as education and training policies, credit support policies, policies to support forest development, and payment for forest environmental services in the context of emerging countries like Vietnam.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.305-336
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• 2022

This study applied the macro-micro simulation model (i.e., what-if analysis) to investigate the impact of transport related to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on poverty and income inequality in Laos. We selected Laos as a case study of a developing country. We used the standard GTAP model with the GTAP database (version 10) for the macrosimulation, whereas we used the household model with the latest Lao household data from 2019 for the microsimulation. Our findings revealed that the output of the Lao economy was anticipated to increase by up to 0.3%, while the poverty rate was anticipated to decline from 17.0% to 15.7%. However, there would be winners and losers in industries and groups of households in different areas. In particular, rich households with a comparative socioeconomic advantage, such as in education, engagement in nonfarm business, and infrastructure access, would mostly gain benefits; consequently, this would lead to higher inequality in Laos. Therefore, the inequality index (i.e., the Gini coefficient) would increase from 41.2 to 60.1. After a simulation of BRI transport, we also found that some nonpoor households, which are mainly associated with farm activities and lower educational levels, would fall into poverty.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

The research is to identify social networks of problems that have an influence on the quality of ageing people's lives by using social network analysis, based on the premise that there are differences in networks of ageing problems in urban and rural areas. From analyzing network of ageing people's problems using NodeXL, vertices in the networks of both urban and rural areas are well-connected. For urban areas, financial poverty is the core problem related to the quality of life. It has direct connections with illness and health, family responsibility, housing, role loss in community, and employment, which have positive or negative interactions with the quality of older people's lives. For rural areas, on the other hand, role loss in community is the major problem. It has direct connections with the elderly abuse, financial poverty, leisure activity, divorce, isolation and loneliness from society, education, and suicide. As a result, the research shows that the problems of ageing people have strong linkages and interactive effects with a structure of network, and the networks are different depending on types of places for living.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.77-97
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• 2009

This study evaluates the poverty experiences of low-income single mothers according to the Capability Approach of Amartya Sen. In this approach, the capability to achieve the basic functionings of life, not income itself, is the criterion of poverty. 26 single mothers were interviewed using focus-group interviews and in-depth interviews. 21 functionings on the existence level, 18 on the relatedness level, and 15 on the growth level were found in the areas of work, health, food consumption, clothing, housing, child rearing, and leisure. The results of this study suggest that low-income single mothers can achieve only some of the existence level functionings with significant help from welfare services. They can scarcely achieve higher level functionings in any of these areas.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2020

본 연구는 동태적 관점에서 중·고령자의 노인기로의 이행과정에서 다차원 빈곤의 변화 궤적을 살펴보고 이에 대한 영향요인을 확인하는 것이다. 한국복지패널(2006년~2018년) 자료를 활용하여, 2006년 만 55세 이상 중·고령자 중 예비노인과 전기노인 집단별로 13년간의 다차원 빈곤 변화 궤적을 잠재성장모형을 통해 살펴보았다. 다차원 빈곤은 경제(소득, 고용), 환경(주거), 건강, 사회문화(여가, 가족관계, 사회적 관계) 등 4영역에서 7가지 차원으로 구분하였다. 분석결과, 다차원 빈곤 궤적은 시간의 흐름에 따라 그 수준이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 전체적인 빈곤 수준은 전기노인이 예비노인과 전체 평균보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 독립변수를 투입한 조건모형 분석결과 예비노인은 배우자유무와 교육수준, 전기노인은 성별과 교육수준 순으로 빈곤 변화에 영향을 미치는 변수가 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 다차원 빈곤은 점차 개선되고 있으나, 연령집단별로 변화율 및 영향을 미치는 변수가 다르므로, 노후빈곤 대책 마련 시 연령 집단별 특성이 고려되어야 할 것이다.