• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.842-849
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Agarum cribrosum as a natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of the general and antioxidant activities of Agarum cribrosum were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash were 45.4%, 15.0%, 2.3% and 33.1%. The calories of Agarum cribrosum were 262.3 kcal and total dietary fiber of Agarum cribrosum was 34.0%. The protein contained a total of 18 different kinds of amino acids. The content of amino acids was 12,402.42 mg/100 g. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, Na and Mg, implying that Agarum cribrosum is an alkali material. The antioxidant activity of Agarum cribrosum was assessed by various radical scavenging assays using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), reducing power, and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)). All antioxidant activity of Agarum cribrosum extract increased the concentration of the dependents. Total phenolic contents of Agarum cribrosum extract were $34.1{\pm}2.56mg/g$, and total flavonoids contents were estimated at $4.9{\pm}0.26mg/g$. General nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in Agarum cribrosum were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that a follow-up study of Agarum cribrosum through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information or sources of functional foods.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.28-40
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• 2015

To investigate the seasonal variations of carbonaceous aerosol in Daejeon, OC (organic carbon), EC (elemental carbon) and WSOC (water soluble organic carbon) in $PM_{2.5}$ samples collected from March 2012 to February 2013 were analyzed. $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were estimated by the sum of organic matter ($1.6{\times}OC$), EC, water-soluble ions ($Na^+$, $NH_4{^{+}}$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NO_3{^{-}}$). The estimated $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were relatively higher in winter ($29.50{\pm}12.04{\mu}g/m^3$) than those in summer ($13.72{\pm}6.92{\mu}g/m^3$). Carbonaceous aerosol ($1.6{\times}OC+EC$) was a significant portion (34~47%) of $PM_{2.5}$ in all season. The seasonally averaged OC and WSOC concentrations were relatively higher in winter ($6.57{\times}3.48{\mu}gC/m^3$ and $4.07{\pm}2.53{\mu}gC/m^3$ respectively), than those in summer ($3.07{\pm}0.8{\mu}gC/m^3$, $1.77{\pm}0.68{\mu}gC/m^3$, respectively). OC was correlated well with WSOC in all season, indicating that they have similar emission sources or formation processes. In summer, both OC and WSOC were weakly correlated with EC and also poorly correlated with a well-known biomass burning tracer, levoglucosan, while WSOC is highly correlated with SOC (secondary organic carbon) and $O_3$. The results suggest that carbonaceous aerosol in summer was highly influenced by secondary formation rather than primary emissions. In contrast, both OC and WSOC in winter were strongly correlated with EC and levoglucosan, indicating that carbonaceous aerosol in winter was closely related to primary source such as biomass burning. The contribution of biomass burning to $PM_{2.5}$ OC and EC, which was estimated using the levoglucosan to OC and EC ratios of potential biomass burning sources, was about $70{\pm}15%$ and $31{\pm}10%$, respectively, in winter. Results from this study clearly show that $PM_{2.5}$ OC has seasonally different chemical characteristics and origins.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.197-197
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• 2016

Commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications. However, the use of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in biomaterial is then a subject of controversy because aluminum ions and vanadium oxide have potential detrimental influence on the human body due to vanadium and aluminum. Hence, recent works showed that the synthesis of new Ti-based alloys for implant application involves more biocompatible metallic alloying element, such as, Nb, Hf, Zr and Mo. In particular, Nb and Hf are one of the most effective Ti ${\beta}-stabilizer$ and reducing the elastic modulus. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) is known as excellent method in the biocompatibility of biomaterial due to quickly coating time and controlled coating condition. The anodized oxide layer and diameter modulation of Ti alloys can be obtained function of improvement of cell adhesion. Manganese(Mn) plays very important roles in essential for normal growth and metabolism of skeletal tissue in vertebrates and can be detected as minor constituents in teeth and bone. Radio frequency(RF) magnetron sputtering in the various PVD methods has high deposition rates, high-purity films, extremely high adhesion of films, and excellent uniform layers for depositing a wide range of materials, including metals, alloys and ceramics like a hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study is to research the Mn coatings on the micro-pore formed Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys by RF-magnetron sputtering for dental applications. Ti-29Nb-xHf (x= 0, 3, 7 and 15wt%, mass fraction) alloys were prepared Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys of containing Hf up from 0 wt% to 15 wt% were melted by using a vacuum furnace. Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were homogenized for 2 hr at $1050^{\circ}C$. Each alloy was anodized in solution containing typically 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate + 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate at room temperature. A direct current power source was used for the process of anodization. Anodized alloys was prepared using 270V~300V anodization voltage at room. Mn coatings was produced by RF-magnetron sputtering system. RF power of 100W was applied to the target for 1h at room temperature. The microstructure, phase and composition of Mn coated oxide surface of Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1995

The only compounds with antagonistic activity via AT$_1$receptor, one of two subtypes of angiotensin II (AII) receptor, have been demonstrated to block the vasoconstriction effects of AII and thereby provide therapeutic potential. This initiated the search for compounds with high specific affinity to AT$_1$receptor and their effective screening methods. The radioligand binding assay for the AII receptor is regarded as the primary method for the evaluation of AT$_1$receptor antagonists for their activity. In this paper, we characterized the liver AT$_1$receptor and describe the efficient method of the radioligand binding assay using rat liver as a source of AT$_1$receptor. Equilibrium binding studies with rat adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, liver and bovine adrenal showed that the specific bindings of [$^3$H] AII were saturable in all tissues and the Scatchard plots of those data were linear, suggesting a single population of binding sites. Hill slopes were very near to the unity in all tissues. Kinetic studies of [$^3$H) AII binding in rat liver homogenates yielded two association rate constants, 4.10$\times$10$^{7}$ M$^{-1}$ min$^{-1}$ and 4.02$\times$10$^{9}$ M$^{-1}$ min$^{-1}$ , with a single dissociation rate constant, 7.07$\times$10$^{-3}$ min-$^{-1}$ , possibly due to the partial dissociation phenomenon. The rank order of inhibition potencies of [$^3$H] AII binding in rat liver was AII>Sarile>Losartan>PD 123177. Rat liver homogenates revealed to have very high density of homogeneous population of the AT$_1$receptor subtype, as the specifically bound [$^3$H] AII was not inhibited by PD 123177, the nonpeptide antagonist of AT$_2$. The results of this study demonstrated that the liver homogenates from rats could be the best receptor preparation for the AT$_1$receptor binding assay and provide an efficient system for the screening of newly synthesized candidate compounds of AT$_1$receptor antagonist.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.663-666
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• 2005

Gas hydrates are ice-like compounds that form at the low temperature and high pressure conditions common in shallow marine sediments at water depths greater than 300-500 m when concentrations of methane and other hydrocarbon gases exceed saturation. Estimates of the total mass of methane carbon that resides in this reservoir vary widely. While there is general agreement that gas hydrate is a significant component of the global near-surface carbon budget, there is considerable controversy about whether it has the potential to be a major source of fossil fuel in the future and whether periods of global climate change in the past can be attributed to destabilization of this reservoir. Also essentially unknown is the interaction between gas hydrate and the subsurface biosphere. ODP Leg 204 was designed to address these questions by determining the distribution, amount and rate of formation of gas hydrate within an accretionary ridge and adjacent basin and the sources of gas for forming hydrate. Additional objectives included identification of geologic proxies for past gas hydrate occurrence and calibration of remote sensing techniques to quantify the in situ amount of gas hydrate that can be used to improve estimates where no boreholes exist. Leg 204 also provided an opportunity to test several new techniques for sampling, preserving and measuring gas hydrates. During ODP Leg 204, nine sites were drilled and cored on southern Hydrate Ridge, a topographic high in the accretionary complex of the Cascadia subduction zone, located approximately 80km west of Newport, Oregon. Previous studies of southern Hydrate Ridge had documented the presence of seafloor gas vents, outcrops of massive gas hydrate, and a pinnacle' of authigenic carbonate near the summit. Deep-towed sidescan data show an approximately $300\times500m$ area of relatively high acoustic backscatter that indicates the extent of seafloor venting. Elsewhere on southern Hydrate Ridge, the seafloor is covered with low reflectivity sediment, but the presence of a regional bottom-simulating seismic reflection (BSR) suggests that gas hydrate is widespread. The sites that were drilled and cored during ODP Leg 204 can be grouped into three end-member environments basedon the seismic data. Sites 1244 through 1247 characterize the flanks of southern Hydrate Ridge. Sites 1248-1250 characterize the summit in the region of active seafloor venting. Sites 1251 and 1252 characterize the slope basin east of Hydrate Ridge, which is a region of rapid sedimentation, in contrast to the erosional environment of Hydrate Ridge. Site 1252 was located on the flank of a secondary anticline and is the only site where no BSR is observed.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.20-26
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• 2007

The microbial community properties of groundwater samples contaminated with landfill leachates were examined using Ecoplate including 31 sole carbon sources. The samples were KSG1-12 (leachate), KSG1-16 (treated leachate), KSG1-07 (contaminated groundwater), KSG1-08 (contaminated groundwater), and KSG1-13 (uncontaminated groundwater). Among the carbon sources used as substrates, 2-hydroxy benzoic acid, D,L-$\alpha$-glycerol phosphate, and D-malic acid were not utilized in any sample, while D-xylose, D-galacturonic acid, L-aspargine, tween 80, and L-serine were utilized in all 5 samples. The rest of substrates showed very different patterns among the samples. Average well color development (AWCD) analysis demonstrated that the potential activity on 31 substrates was in the order of KSG1-16 > KSG1-12 > KSG1-07 > KSG-08 > KSG1-13, which generally agrees with the degree of pollution, except KSG1-16. Principal component analysis (PCA) on similarity between samples showed two groups (KSG1-12, -07 and -08 vs KSG1-16 and -13), coinciding with contaminated and uncontaminated groups. Shannon index showed that the microbial diversities were similar among the samples.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2001

Eighty-seven microbial strains capable of growing on bisphenol A (BPA) as a sole carbon source were isolated from soils, waste waters and sludges. Among them, three bacterial strains were finally selected as potential decomposers through measuring BPA-degradation efficiency by HPLC analysis. Two of these bacterial strains were identified as Serratia marcescens 1901 and S. marcescens 1902, and another was Pseudomonas putida 1401 by 16S rDNA partial sequences and based on morphological and physiological properties. They showed higher cell growth and BPA degradation in PAV (PAS medium containing vitamin mixtures) than in PAS medium. The degradation efficiencies of these bacterial strains were within a range of 20-40% in the PAV containing 500 mg/1 or 100 mg/l of BPA fur 3 days. S. marcescens 1901 showed higher degradation efficiency at 100 mg/1 of BPA than those of other selected strains, while S. marcescens 1902 and P. putida 1401 degraded a high concentration of BPA (500 mg/l) with a degradation efficiency of 40% for 3 days. The BPA degradation using a mixed culture of three selected strains showed the similar level of dog-radation efficiency with that using a pure culture.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2010

The Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) has assembled a culture collection of cold-adapted bacterial strains from both the Arctic and Antarctic. To identify excellent protease-producers among the proteolytic bacterial collection (874 strains), 78 strains were selected in advance according to their relative activities and were subsequently re-examined for their extracellular protease activity on $0.1{\times}$ ZoBell plates supplemented with 1% skim milk at various temperatures. This rapid and direct screening method permitted the selection of a small group of 15 cold-adapted bacterial strains, belonging to either the genus Pseudoalteromonas (13 strains) or Flavobacterium (2 strains), that showed proteolytic activities at temperatures ranging between $5-15^{\circ}C$. The cold-active proteases from these strains were classified into four categories (serine protease, aspartic protease, cysteine protease, and metalloprotease) according to the extent of enzymatic inhibition by a class-specific protease inhibitor. Since highly active and/or cold-adapted proteases have the potential for industrial or commercial enzyme development, the protease-producing bacteria selected in this work will be studied as a valuable natural source of new proteases. Our results also highlight the relevance of the Antarctic for the isolation of protease-producing bacteria active at low temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

A bacterium, isolated from a vegetable field in a plastic film house and named strain CY6 was capable of biodegrading chlorpyrifos (CP). Based on the phenotypic features and the phylogenetic similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CY6 was identified as a Naxibacter sp.. CP was utilized as the sole source of carbon and phosphorus by Naxibacter sp. CY6. We examined the role of this Naxibacter sp. in the degradation of other OP insecticides under liquid cultures. Parathion, methyl parathion, diazinon, cadusafos, and ethoprop could also be degraded by Naxibacter sp. CY6 when they are provided as the sole sources of carbon and phosphorus. Additionally, Naxibacter sp. CY6 ($10^8$ CFU/g) added to soil with CP (100 mg/kg) resulted in a higher degradation rate of approximately 90% than the rate obtained from uninoculated soils. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium to be used in the cleanup of contaminated pesticide soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1237-1245
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• 2004

Agaricus blazei Murill is a medicinal mushroom native to Brazil. It used to be a source of antitumor and immunoactive compounds and considered a health food in many countries. In the present study, it was examined the effects of water extract of A. blazei (WEAB) on the growth of human lung carcinoma cell line A549 in order to investigate the anti-proliferative mechanism by WEAB. Treatment of A549 cells to WEAB resulted in the growth inhibition, morphological change and induction of apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that WEAB caused G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle, which was associated with a down-regulation of cyclin A in both transcriptional and translational levels. WEAB treatment induced a marked up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21, however, the levels of Cdk2, Cdc2, Wee1, Cdc25C and p53 expression were remained unchanged in WEAB treated cells. In addition, WEAB treatment inhibited the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA and protein without alteration of COX-l expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that WEAB may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human lung carcinorma cells and further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds that confer the anti-cancer activity of WEAB. Once such compounds are identified, the mechanisms by which they exert their effects can begin to be characterized.