• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1989

The optimum conditions for cellular autolysis in Clostridium butyricum ID-113 have been investigated. Cellular autolysis was optimal at pH 1.0 in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer and at 37$^{\circ}C$. The rate of cellular autolysis depended on the age of culture. The most rapid cellular autolysis occurred in the cells of mid-exponentially growing cultures, but cellular autolysis decreased sharply when the cultures entered the stationary phase. A growing culture of Cl. butyricum ID-113 was induced to autolyze and lost its turbidity spontaneously in the hypertonic NaCl, sucrose, or glucose medium. The autolytic enzyme activity was found In the autolysate of cells and the supernatant of the culture.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.207-211
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil zone temperature on the growth responses of two grapevine varieties. Campbell Early was cultivated under unprotected environment and Black Olympia was cultivated in the greenhouse. As responses, growth, photosynthetic rate and contents of mineral elements as affected by four different soil zone temperatures (10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$)were examined. Weights of leaves, stems and roots were higher at 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ than at 10 or 15$^{\circ}C$ root zone temperature in both varieties. Chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic rate were the greatest at 2$0^{\circ}C$ root zone temperature. Contents of phosphate, potassium, and calcium increased with increasing root zone temperature.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.90-93
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• 2003

The antibacterial activity of chitosan-alginate-Fe(II) complex (CAFC) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and an opportunistic pathogen, Candida albicans, was investigated. A concentration of 1 mg/1 was needed to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, while 100 mg/liter was sufficient for the growth inhibition of Candida albicans. The ion leakage of potassium and phosphate from E. coli cell and the penetration of ethidium bromide dye into it indicate that CAFC might be able to increase the cell permeability and consequently cellular leakage, thus leading to cell plasmolysis. Scanning electronmicroscope showed that E. coli cells treated with CAFC became irregular, swelling and expanded. In a field trial, control piglets showed average mortality of up to 60% within 3 days after the onset of diarrhea. In contrast, CAFC-treated groups without mortality was decreased to average 56% on the 1 st day after the treatment, and average 7% on the 3rd day. After then, piglets with diarrhea was not found.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.375-380
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• 2015

Recently, methane has attracted much attention as an alternative carbon feedstock since it is the major component of abundant shale and natural gas. In this work, we produced methanol from methane using whole cells of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b as the biocatalyst. M. trichosporium OB3b was cultured on NMS medium with a supply of 7:3 air/methane ratio at 30℃. The optimal concentrations of various methanol dehydrogenase inhibitors such as potassium phosphate and EDTA were determined to be 100 and 0.5 mM, respectively, for an efficient production of methanol. Sodium formate (40 mM) as a reducing power source was added to enhance the conversion efficiency. A productivity of 49.0 mg/l·h, titer of 0.393 g methanol/l, and conversion of 73.8% (mol methanol/mol methane) were obtained under the optimized batch condition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.677-681
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• 2016

Excessive nitrogen fertilization influences crop yields and quality as well as environmental pollution. In this study, yields, nitrogen use efficiency and free sugar contents of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) were evaluated at different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 5 levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200%) based on the conventional fertilization ($N=230kg\;ha^{-1}$), and phosphate and potassium fertilizer were treated by conventional P and K fertilization ($P_2O_5-K_2O=140-210kg\;ha^{-1}$) in all plots. The root yields of burdock were the highest in N 100~150% treatment plots. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen recovery decreased from over N 150% treatment. Nitrogen uptake of root was greater than that of shoot in N 50~200% treatments. Fructose contents in root were inversely proportional to the level of nitrogen fertilization. As considering nitrogen recovery and root quality, economical burdock yield was obtained in N $230kg\;ha^{-1}$.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.28-35
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• 1970

The absorption of Aminopyrine from the small intestine of a rat in combination with antihistamic agent, Diphenhydramine, Pheniramine, Tripelennamine and Diphenhydramine respectively, was examined. Through the rat small intestine canal, a definite quantity of a sample solution comprising 0.5 mM of Aminopyrine and 0.1 mM of each antihistamic agent in phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.4) was perfused through the rat small intestine at rate 5 ml per minute. The samples of the circulating solution were taken out after 5 minutes of the perfusion to give initial concentration and every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The amount of residual Aminopyrine in the solution was determined photometrically at 720 m.mu. by using 0.4% potassium ferricyanate solution and 1% ferric nitrate in 0.1N nitric solution. The mixed compounds of Aminopyrine with antihistamic agent, such as Aminopyrine with Diphehydramine, Aminopyrine with Pheniramine, Aminopyrine with Tripelennamine and Aminopyrine with Chloropheniramine showed more increased absorption than Aminopyrine alone. the absorption rate constants and apparent permeability coefficients of the mixed compounds were shown in detail.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2016

Background : This text was conducted to evaluate the distribution, shape characteristics and habitat condition of Crypsinus hastatus in Buyeo Korea. Methods and Results : In Buyeo, Crypsinus hastatus was distributed at an altitude of 31.2 m, a slope of 82.5% and a distance from river water of 27.2 m. The leaf blade was oblong, 2.7 cm long, 1.2 cm wide with a petiole length of 2.3 cm. The total population comprised 2,100 individuals, with the highest proportion being individuals with a leaf blade of length 0.5 - 1 cm. The temperature and light intensity of the growth point were lower, but the humidity higher, than that of growth around. The chemical properties of the soil were as follows: pH 4.42, organic matter 77.99 g/kg, electrical conductivity 0.50 dS/m, nitrate nitrogen 20.50 mg/kg and available phosphate 165.7 mg/kg. Exchangeable cation content of potassium, magnesium, sodium and calcium was 0.35, 0.70, 0.09 and $2.04cmol^+/kg$, respectively. Conclusions : In Buyeo, Crypsinus hastatus was distributed in $5.3m^2$ area of Nakhwaam, Naeseongri and Jeongamri. However, the population of the medicinal resources seemed to decrease owing to the poor environmental conditions of the habitat.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 1977

In previous paper, it was reported that antibiotic substance such as tetracycline and streptomycin were produced by S'. albus subsp. and S'. globosus. And increase of mycelial growth of two strains, antibiotic production, and changes of pH range are extended to approximately 110-130 hrs in fermenting medium, there-after they decreased with culture period exception of pH range. Two Streptomyces spp. required commonly 4-5% starch as carbon sources and 1.5-2.0% soybean meal as nitrogen sources. However, 0.005-0.01M potassium phosphate dibasic, calcium carbonate (6mg/ml in S.albus subsp. and 2mg/ml in S. globosus), 0.01-0.03M, magnesium sulgate and 0.01M ferric chloride showed as optimal concentration for the growth of 2 strains. Mineral compoments such as zinc, manganese, cobalt, sodium and copper at the level of 10/sup -4/ -10/sup -6/M were observed. Especially, zinc ion showed toxicity to the growth of 2 strains at 0.005M. In relation with pH, there is a little difference in mycelial growth with cultural initial pH.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.190-199
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors contributing to sleep disorders in patients on hemodialysis. Methods: A descriptive correlational study design was used. The participants were 135 patients on hemodialysis in hemodialysis clinics. Data were collected from March to May 2007 using structured questionnaires and hematologic sample. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify factors influencing sleep disorders among the demographic-clinical factors, depression and fatigue. Results: About 69% of the patients had a sleep disorders. There were significant differences in sleep disorders according to marital status, caregiver, religion, economic level, insurance, erythropoietin, somnifacient, and antihypertensive agents. But there were no differences according to age, gender, dialysis period, or antidepressants. Their sleep disorders had significant correlations with depression, and fatigue, and a significant negative correlation with Protein, Albumin, Phosphate and BUN. But there were no correlations with hematocrit, hemoglobin, creatinine, sodium, potassium, or calcium. Depression and fatigue were factors influencing sleep disorders. They accounted for 43.8% of the variance in sleep disorders in these patients. Conclusion: Findings provide an understanding of sleep disorders and the factors that are an influence in patients on hemodialysis. To promote sleep in these patients, nursing interventions to manage depression and fatigue are needed.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.529-532
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• 2011

Whey based medium was optimized for the production of viable Lactobacillus crispatus KLB 46 isolated from the vagina of Korean women. Among the various nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, beef extract, and proteose peptone no. 3 supplemented to whey, beef extract showed the highest viable cell production. The addition of Tween 80 to the whey based medium increased viable cell concentration. As beef extract supplementation is not economically attractive, corn steep liquor was added as a supplementary nitrogen sources. When corn steep liquor was supplied with beef extract with the ratio 5 : 1, the viable cell count was $3.11{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL. Also, the addition of mineral salts containing sodium acetate (5 g/L), potassium phosphate dibasic (2 g/L), magnesium sulfate (0.1 g/L) and manganese sulfate (0.05 g/L) to the whey medium increased viable cell count further ($5.00{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL).