• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.384-390
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• 2004

An in vtro nucellar polyembryo propagation method was established with mature seed of the Citrus junos Sieb. 7-8 nucellar polyembryos per seed were induced on MS basal medium without plant growth regulators. The polyembryos developed to complete plantlets on teatment with IBA. These shoots grew further in MS medium without plant growth regulators. Rooting of shoots occurred on MS medium supplemented with IBA. These plantlets were successfully transplanted to small plastic pot containing soil mixture. Somatic embryos were induced from nucellar polyembryo and maturation occurred spontaneously from proliferating cultures on MS medium without growth regulators. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker analysis of in vitro and in vivo grown junos orange showed identical polymorphism indicative of their genetic stability. The RAPD polymorphism produced revealed same banding pattern in each regenerant. Hence, propagaton of junos orange by nucellalr polyembryos was efficient and produced in genetically stable plants under in vitro conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of boron application( $B_{0}$ ) ; control, B$_1$; 0.2, $B_2$; 2.0, $B_3$; 6.0, $B_4$; 15.0 boron me/pot) on the forage performance of pure and mixed cultures of orchardgrass and white clover. The fourth part was concerned with the changes in the contents of B, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The boron(B) contents of both forages and their differences among the B treatments generally decreased according to the cutting order. The B contents of white clover were somewhat lower in the $B_{0}$ than in the $B_2$. However, the differences in the yields between $B_{0}$ and $B_2$ were relatively great. It was probably caused by the latent B-deficiency in the $B_{0}$. Compared with white clover, the B contents of orchardgrass had relatively great differences between the $B_{0}$ and B$_2$, but both yields tended to be similar. 2. The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in both forages were generally different according to the forage species, whether it was a pure or mixed cultures, and additional fertilization. The effects of B application on their contents were different according to the micronutrients and above factors. 3. The Fe contents of white clover were lower in the $B_{0}$ and $B_4$ than in the$ B_2$. It tended to be related to the weak growth of roots and low yields in the $B_{0}$ and $B_2$. However, there were not consistent in the changes of contents of Mn, Cu, and Zn by the rates of B application. 4. The effects of B application on the total ion concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were not consistent in both forages. However, the concentrations were generally affected by the changes in the contents of Mn and Zn. The concentrations of white clover were higher in a pure than in mixed culture.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.172-183
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• 1994

The productions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal(AMF) spores were observed by adding three different commercial fertilizers on AMF inhabiting soils. Various morphological features, vesicles, arbuscles, sporulations of spore, and flower-like-structures, were also found in the mycorrhizal roots during 80 days after transplanting. Spore prodcutions of the employed AMF were observed to be periodically increased with the intervals of 40 days. Sorghum, green onion, hot pepper, and wild legume plants were appeared to be a good plant for productions of AMF and as the host of AMF. The productions of AMF spores was inversely related to phosphate fertilizer, and also observed to be low in the plant pots added with whole balanced fertilizers.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2002

Industrial design has been need to made a new tool for human with adaptable to situation the age. But, at early America, it is very difficult that role of design settle down and progress than these days. It is not to he easy newly born in industrial design because of rapidly changing the America situation with multi settlers, the Depression and world wars. There was various design change in short period. So we called the step modern 1920 and the streamlined 1930. The study is background of American design by variety cultures & creatures from 1920s to 1930s. Some of Korea design has affected of America cultures at duration of 6.25 war and now. This study has included early culture & industrial life, designer activity, and at the part of rear new invention, industrial design relate to architect, four leading designers Walter Dorwin league, Norman Bel Geddes, Henry Dreyfuss, Raymond Loewy. In present world situation, It is important in all aspect to understand that early process at America industrial design. Early American culture is constructed from the building block of the puritan ethic and is sheathed by liberal mercantilism, today is became one stir it into the common molting pot.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.903-908
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• 2005

Inoculation of the carrier-based mixed bioinoculants af N-fixer (Azospirillum lipoferum strain Az204/Rhizobium strain BMBS P47) and phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum strain Pb 1) promoted growth and yield of pearl millet and blackgram under pot-culture conditions. The mixed inoculant of Az204 and Pb 1 enhanced germination, seedling vigor, plant height, and seed weight, and resulted in $6\%$ increase in grain yield of pearl millet. Likewise, the mixed inoculant of BMBS P47 and Pb1 increased growth, nodulation, and yield in blackgram. The rhizosphere soil enzyme activities, including nitrogenase, urease, and phosphatase, in both pearl millet and blackgram were significantly increased by the inoculation of the mixed inoculant, compared to that of the individual inoculants. The results clearly indicate the beneficial effect of co-culturing the N-fixer and P-solubilizer in inoculants production.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 1992

Using the soils containing several arbuscular mycorrhizae, the degrees of infection on the plant roots were measured with the different level of phosphate added on pot cultures. Infection on the plant roots was independent of the phosphate level for the roots of sorghum, but formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the roots was inversely related to the growth of soybean roots. It was concluded that infection of arbuscular mycorrhizae would be related to the phosphate level in the soils. Plants, themselves, were considered to control the infection of arbuscular mycorrhizae under the environments of soils, especially amount of phosphate.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 1995

An antifungal Pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1 produced extracellular chitinase and .betha.-1, 3-glucanase that were key enzymes in the decomposition of fungal hyphal walls. These lytic extracellular enzymes markedly inhibited mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani. A chitinase from P. stutzeri YPL-1 inhibited fungal mycelial growth by 87%, whereas a .betha.-1, 3-glucanase from the bacterium inhibited growth by 53%. Furthermore, co-operative action of the enzymes synergistically inhibited 95% of the fungal growth. The lytic enzymes caused absnormal swelling and retreating on the fungal hyphal walls in a dual cultures. Scanning electron microscopy clearly showed hyphal degradation of F. solani in the regions interacting with P. stutzeri YPL-1. In an in vivo pot test, P. stutzeri YPL-1 proved to have biocontrol ability as a powerful agent in controlling plant disease. Planting of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings with the bacterial suspension in F. solani-infested soil significantly suppressed the development of fusarial root-rot. The characteristics of a crude preparation of .betha.-1, 3-glucanase produced from P. stutzeri YPL-1 were investigated. The bacterium detected after 2 hr of incubation. The enzyme had optimum temperature and pH of 40.deg.C and pH 5.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 4.5 to 7.0 and at temperatures below 40.deg.C, with a half-life of 40 min at 60.deg.C.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.176-186
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• 1982

Uptake and effects of treated Cd and Pb in rose moss and tomato were studied in pot cultures. Three horticulural plants on the roadside were tested to determine the contents of heavy metals in plant parts. Yields of rose moss were increased by the increase Pb concentrations in soil. Yields of rose moss by Cd treatment were decreased in 1, 000 ppm group, but increased in 500 ppm group. Portulaca grandiflora Hook. proved to be tolerent of Pb and Cd added in soil. Yields of tomato were decreased by an incrase of Pb concentration in soil, and tomato proved to be weak for Pb added in soil. Pb contents in root, stem, leaf, and flower and seed of rose moss were increased by an in crease of Pb concentration in soil Pb content in root was the highest among them. Pb content was the highest in root of tomato, but the lowest in the stem. Among the heavy metal contents metal contents of three horticultural plants collected by roadside, it was the Chrysanthemum which had the highest contents of heavy metal among them. The heavy metal contents in stem were less than in the other plnat parts in all three plants. The number of flowers in rose moss was decreased by an increase of Pb, and Cd concentration in soil, but in tomato it was increased by an increase of Pb concentration in soil. Amount of rose moss seeds which were collected after cultivation was decreased by Pb, and Cd treatment in soil.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.34-45
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• 2003

The motivation for transforming the Seoul City Hall plaza into place for pedestrians was prompted by the 2002 World cup event. This place has diverse time layers ranging from the Yi-dynasty to the present. Around city hall, diverse cultural assets and distinctive architecture are scattered. The place is a kind of melting pot that represents different times and cultures in the city. Transforming place for cars into place for citizens suggest several implications in city making policy such as high priority for pedestrians in urban design and enhancement of the public open spaces through downtown remodelling. Our plan is to propose the idea of Media plaza. One of the characteristics of Seoul now can be summarized as Media because the W industry and infrastructure are well developed in the city. ´Seoul Media Plaza´ adopts high-tech infrastructures such as RGB color post, multi box, I-Gate, etc as design materials. Three concepts of the plan are ´evolutionary plan´, ´flexible plan´, and ´participatory plan´. First, the plan will embrace the future changes of external conditions. Second, the plan should be flexible to accomodate the diverse activities in the plaza. Another special aspect of the plan is a kind of open plan. The ground surface of the plaza will be changed in its pattern and shape by citizen participation. Finally, the ´Seoul Media Plaza´ attempts to represent the spirit of Seoul and to connect the past, the present and the future while promoting citizen participation.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2019

Deparia pycnosora (Christ) M. Kato is a fern used as ornamental plant. In addition, it is called "Teol-go-sa-ri" in Korean name. The aim of this study was to develop a practical propagation method of D. pycnosora using tissue culture technique. Prothallus obtained from spore germination was the used as experiment materials. The prothalli (300 mg) used in all experiments were sub-cultured for 8-week intervals. The most suitable media for prothallus propagation were identified by culturing 300 mg of prothalli in $1/4{\times}$, $1/2{\times}$, $1{\times}$, $2{\times}$ MS medium and in Knop medium for 8 weeks. Also, the prothalli were cultured by chopping with a scalpel. In addition, sucrose, activated charcoal, and total nitrogen source were added in different concentrations based on the culture medium selected. Cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $30{\times}1.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark) in in vitro. The results showed that optimum was achieved prothallus fresh weight and development in $1{\times}$ MS medium. When other components were added to the basic $1{\times}$ MS medium, prothallus propagation was maximized in $1{\times}$ MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 0.2% activated charcoal, and 60 mM total nitrogen. To select a suitable soil mixture for sporophyte formation, 1.0 g of prothallus was blended with distilled water, spread on five combinations of different soil substrates (decomposed granite, horticultural substrates, peat moss, and perlite), and cultivated for 12 weeks. The sporophyte cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, humidity of $84{\pm}1.4%$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). As a results, horticultural substrate alone, 2:1 (v:v) mixtures of horticultural substrate and perlite, and 2:1 mixtures of horticultural substrate and decomposed granite induced 208.0, 201.3 and 248.8 sporophytes per pot, respectively. Therefore, this result could provide a practical mass propagation method of D. pycnosora