• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.508-533
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• 2019

This study investigated the Sachanbalgi, which record the royal feasts given by the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. These records are contained within the Gungjung Balgi, which recorded the types and quantity of items used in royal court ceremonies. The Eumsikbalgi is the general name for the records of food found within this document. Using these Eumsikbalgi, and in particular the Sachanbalgi, this study investigated the food eaten and bestowed by the Joseon royal family. The Sachanbalgi describes four categories or occasions of feasts: royal birthdays, childbirth, royal weddings, and funerals. These records allow us to reconstruct who the attendees were and what the table settings and food were for instances not directly indicated in oral records, books, or other documents. The food at these Sachan (feasts) was diverse, being related to the specific event, and its contents varied based on the position of the person who was receiving the food. Usually, Bab (rice) was not found at a Sachanbalgi, and only on two occasions were meals with Bab observed. Specifically, it was served with Gwaktang (seaweed soup) at a childbirth feast. There were seven kinds of soups and stews that appeared in the Sachanbalgi: Gwaktang, Yeonpo (octopus soup), Japtang (mixed food stew), Chogyetang (chilled chicken soup), Sinseonro (royal hot pot), and Yukjang (beef and soybean paste). Nureumjeok (grilled brochette) and Saengchijeok (pheasant), and Ganjeonyueo (pan-fried cow liver fillet) and Saengseonjeonyueo (pan-fried fish fillet) were eaten. Yangjeonyueo, Haejeon, Tigakjeon (pan-fried kelp) and other dishes, known and unknown, were also recorded. Boiled meat slices appeared at high frequency (40 times) in the records; likewise, 22 kinds of rice cake and traditional sweets were frequently served at feasts. Five kinds of non-alcoholic beverages were provided. Seasonal fruits and nuts, such as fresh pear or fresh chestnut, are thought to have been served following the event. In addition, a variety of dishes including salted dry fish, boiled dish, kimchi, fruit preserved in honey, seasoned vegetables, mustard seeds, fish, porridge, fillet, steamed dishes, stir-fried dishes, vegetable wraps, fruit preserved in sugar, and jellied foods were given to guests, and noodles appear 16 times in the records. Courtiers were given Banhap, Tanghap, Myeonhap, wooden bowls, or lunchboxes. The types of food provided at royal events tracked the season. In addition, considering that for feasts food of the royal household was set out for receptions of guests, cooking instructions for the food in the lunchbox-type feasts followed the cooking instructions used in the royal kitchen at the given time. Previous studies on royal cuisine have dealt mostly with the Jineosang presented to the king, but in the Sachanbalgi, the food given by the royal family to its relatives, retainers, and attendants is recorded. The study of this document is important because it extends the knowledge regarding the food of the royal families of the Joseon Dynasty. The analysis of Sachanbalgi and the results of empirical research conducted to reconstruct the precise nature of that food will improve modern knowledge of royal cuisine.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.108-122
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• 2023

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), are the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato and banana, respectively, and cause significant yield losses worldwide. A cost-effective measure, such as biological control agents, was used as an alternative method to control these pathogens. Therefore, in this study, six isolates of the Streptomyces-like colony were isolated from soils and their antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi and plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity were assessed. The results showed that these isolates could inhibit the mycelial growth of Fol and Foc. Among them, isolate STRM304 showed the highest percentage of mycelial growth reduction and broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against all tested fungi. In the pot experiment study, the culture filtrate of isolates STRM103 and STRM104 significantly decreased disease severity and symptoms in Fol inoculated plants. Similarly, the culture filtrate of the STRM304 isolate significantly reduced the severity of the disease and symptoms of the disease in Foc inoculated plants. The PGP activity test presents PGP activities, such as indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, starch hydrolysis, lignin hydrolysis, and cellulase activity. Interestingly, the application of the culture filtrate from all isolates increased the percentage of tomato seed germination and stimulated the growth of tomato plants and banana seedlings, increasing the elongation of the shoot and the root and shoot and root weight compared to the control treatment. Therefore, the isolate STRM103 and STRM104, and STRM304 could be used as biocontrol and PGP agents for tomato and banana, respectively, in sustainable agriculture.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2003

Orchardgrass 및 white clover의 단파 및 혼파 재배조건에서 미량요소 붕소의 시비수준별 목초의 생육, 개화, 뿌리/근류 형성, 수량, 양양성분/무기양분 및 초종간 경합지수에 미치는 영향 등을 구명하였다. 다량요소 및 다른 미량요소 양분을 동일량 시비한 조건에서 5 수준의 붕소 시비량을 달리한 시비처리를 하였다. 붕소 처리수준은 1) $B_{0}$; 0.0, 2) $B_1$; 0.2, 3) $B_2$;2.0, 4) $B_3$;6.0, 5) $B_3$;6.0, 5)$ B_4$;15.0me B/pot로 하였으며, 본 I보에서는 붕소 처리별 목초의 생육, 개화, 뿌리 및 근류의 형성, 수분관리 특성 등에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 1. White clover에서 붕소의 과다증상($B_3$와 $B_4$ 처리구)은 예취 차수가 진행되어 감에 따라서 경감되었고, 전반기 예취기에는 orchardgrass보다 더 심한 과다증상을 보였다. 그리고 단파보다도 혼파재부에서 과다증상이 더 심했다. 각 초종별 생육이 왕성한 시기에는 공히 붕소의 과다증상이 경감되었다. 2. Orchardgrass에서 붕소의 과다증상은 잎의 선단 부위에 황화현상, 좁은 엽폭, 적은 분얼 및 약한 줄기를 보였으며, white clover는 고엽부터 엽변의 황화현상과 백화현상, 적은 분얼수 및 포복경을 생성하는 얼자의 미 형성이 관측되었다. 3. 적합한 붕소시비($B_2$)는 white clover의 뿌리생육, 근류 형성, 개화 및 화아가 양호하였고, 꽃의 생성기간이 길었으며 만개시기가 빨랐다. 그러나 혼파재배에서는 orchardgrass에 의한 억압된 생육 때문에 이 효과가 경감되었다. 4. 붕소의 시비효과는 orchardgrass보다 white clover에서 더 크게 나타났다. 혼파재배에서 white clover는 추비가 시비되지 않은 5차 예취시에는 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해서 생육이 양호하였는데 이는 뿌리 및 근류의 형성이 더 양호한 특성에 기인된 것으로 생각되었다. 적합한 추비(특히 질소) 및 붕소의 시비는 양호한 식생을 갖는 grass-clover 혼파초지 조성에 크게 기여할 수 있는 것으로 보였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.437-441
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• 2012

본 실험은 생물반응기를 통해 대량증식된 사계성 딸기 조직배양묘의 적정 순화용기를 선발하기 위해 실시하였다. 순화용기는 플라스틱투명용기, 플러그 트레이, I-포트 및 흑색비닐포트 등 4가지를 사용하였다. 토양함수율 10%이상 지속일수는 플라스틱 투명용기가 5일, 흑색비닐포트가 3-4일, 플러그 트레이 2일, I-포트가 1일 순이었다. 생존율은 흑색비닐포트가 80%, 플라스틱투명용기가 70%, I-포트가 55% 및 플러그 트레이가 15% 순으로 나타났다. 또한 생육량은 플라스틱 투명용기가 가장 왕성하였고, 흑색비닐포트와 플러그 트레이는 비슷하였으며, I-포트가 가장 저조하였다. 런너 발생은 흑색비닐포트가 주당 3.3개로 가장 많았으며, 플라스틱투명용기가 2.9개, 플러그 트레이가 1.6개 및 I-포트가 1.2개 순으로 나타났다. 총 생산비용은 흑색비닐포트가 44,405,300원/10a로 I-포트의 51,064,700원/10a보다 6,659,400원/10a이 더 절감되었으며, 총 생산주수도 흑색비닐포트가 102,718주/10a로 I-포트의 72,452.9주/10a보다 30,265.1주/10a 더 생산되었다. 또한 주당 생산비용은 흑색비닐포트가 432.3원으로 I-포트의 704.8원에 비해 272.5원의 감소하였다. 따라서 생물반응기를 통해 대량증식된 사계성 딸기 조직배양묘의 순화용기는 흑색비닐포트가 적당하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.136-145
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• 2014

Background: This study aimed to develop a biocontrol system for ginseng root rot caused by Fusarium cf. incarnatum. Methods: In total, 392 bacteria isolated from ginseng roots and various soils were screened for their antifungal activity against the fungal pathogen, and a bacterial isolate (B2-5) was selected as a promising candidate for the biocontrol because of the strong antagonistic activity of the bacterial cell suspension and culture filtrate against pathogen. Results: The bacterial isolate B2-5 displayed an enhanced inhibitory activity against the pathogen mycelial growth with a temperature increase to $25^{\circ}C$, produced no pectinase (related to root rotting) an no critical rot symptoms at low [$10^6$ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL] and high ($10^8CFU/mL$) inoculum concentrations. In pot experiments, pretreatment with the bacterial isolate in the presumed optimal time for disease control reduced disease severity significantly with a higher control efficacy at an inoculum concentration of $10^6CFU/mL$ than at $10^8CFU/mL$. The establishment and colonization ability of the bacterial isolates on the ginseng rhizosphere appeared to be higher when both the bacterial isolate and the pathogen were coinoculated than when the bacterial isolate was inoculated alone, suggesting its target-oriented biocontrol activity against the pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the pathogen hyphae were twisted and shriveled by the bacterial treatment, which may be a symptom of direct damage by antifungal substances. Conclusion: All of these results suggest that the bacterial isolate has good potential as a microbial agent for the biocontrol of the ginseng root rot caused by F. cf. incarnatum.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1995

본 실험은 배수성과 통기성이 우수한 양액 재배 배지로써 perlite와 구입이 용이한 왕겨 및 훈탄의 혼합배지를 이용하여 스티로폼 성형베드 및 상자, 플라스틱 자루, 폿트 등의 재배용기의 차이와 배지의 종류에 따른 양액재배 오이의 생육 및 수량반응을 구명하고자 수행하였 다. 1. 스티로폼베드와 상자가 다른 용기보다 초장이 높게 나타났으며, 스티로폼 상자를 용기로 사용할 때 펄라이트 단용처리구가 275.5cm, 왕겨 혼합처리구가 277.0cm로 초장이 가장 높았다. 2. 엽면적은 스티로폼 성형베드와 상자가 가장 높게 나타났고, 자루재배, 폿트재배의 순으로 나타났다. 스티로폼 성형베드와 상자의 경우에는 펄라이트 단용>왕겨 혼합배지>훈탄 혼합배지의 순으로 나타났으나, 자루재배에서는 왕겨, 폿트재배에서는 왕겨 혼합배지에서 엽면적이 높게 나타났다. 3. 과실수량은 스티로폼 상자를 용기로 한 펄라이트 단용구가 2097.1g으로 가장 많았으며 과수도 13.4개로 높게 나타났다. 4. 상품과율은 스티로폼 베드와 상자에서 70%이상을 나타냈으나 자루재배와 폿트재배에서는 70%이하로 나타났다. 5. 곡과율과 선세과는 자루재배에서 10%이상으로 높게 나타난 반면 스티로폼 상자에서는 낮게 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.433-449
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• 1992

Three horticultural herbaceous plants and a natural herbaceous plant were tested to determine the growth responses, biomass and uptake of cadmium(cd), lead(pb) by application of cd and pb soil treatment in pot culture. The ecological effects on the growth of the plants were investigated to determine the tolerance for the heavy metal pollutants cd and pb. the marginal concentrain of cd treatment on the growth of the each plant was below the 1, 000 ppm treatment of cd. The marginal concentration of pb treatment was below the 1, 000ppm treatment of pb in cultivation of salvia splendens ker., celosia cristata l. and below the 3, 000ppm treatment of pb in cultivation of portulaca grandiflora hook., sedum saramentosum bunge. the resistance for cd of sedum saramentosum bunge, celosia criastata l., portulaca grandiflora hook. and salvia splendens ker. was in the listed order. The resistence for pb was in order of sedum saramentosum bunge, portulaca grandiflora hook. Salvia splendens ker.and celosia criastata l.stems. The flowering of portulaca grandiflora hook. was sustained in the pb 1, 000ppm treated group only. The higher the concentration of pb in the soil cultivated the plants was, the less the content of leaf chlorophy11 in each plant was. The number of stomata per unit leaf area was the highest in salvia splendens ker. and in order of celosia l., sedum saramentosum bunge., portulaca grandiflora hook., the higher the cd and pb concentration of cd and pb treatment was, the more the concent of cd and pb in the part of each plant increased. the content of cd and pb in the stems of salvia spiendens ker. was the highest in the 1, 000ppm-treated ground and in order of the roots, the leaves and the flowers.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of single and co-inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on early plant growth in Saemangeum reclaimed soil. Plant growth promoting Brevibacterium iodinum RS16 and Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 were inoculated on maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L.) grown in Saemangeum reclaimed soil. Single and co-inoculation of B. iodinum RS16 and M. oryzae CBMB20 increased plant height, dry biomass accumulation and macro-nutrient accumulation of maize and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment increased plant height in maize by 41.2% at 30 days after sowing (DAS), shoot dry weight and total dry weight compared to non-inoculated treatment. Macro-nutrient accumulation (N and P) in maize roots was significantly increased with co-inoculation treatment, K and Ca content was significantly increased at B. iodinum RS16 treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. Macro-nutrient accumulation (P, K, Ca and Mg) in shoot was higher with M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. In case of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, co-inoculation treatment showed 33.7% increase in plant height compared to non-inoculated treatment at 30 DAS. M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment increased root dry weight and total dry weight, macro-nutrient accumulation in roots and N, Ca and Mg accumulation in shoot compared to non-inoculated treatment. P and K accumulation in shoot was significantly increased at co-inoculation treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. This pot culture experiment demonstrated that single and co-inoculation of B. iodinum RS16 and M. oryzae CBMB20 increased the early growth and nutrient accumulation of maize and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2005

Penicillium oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa, an efficient phosphate solubilizing fungus, was evaluated for its production of organic acid in vitro and effect of inoculation on the growth promotion of Maize under greenhouse conditions. The fungus solubilized 129.1, 118.8, and 54.1 mg P/1 of tricalcium phosphate [$Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$], aluminum phosphate ($A1PO_{4}$),and ferric phosphate ($FePO_{4}$), respectively, after 72 h of incubation. Malic acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid were detected in the flasks supplemented with various phosphate sources [240, 146, 145 mM/1 $A1PO_{4},\;FePO_{4},\;and\;Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$, respectively] together with a large amount of malic acid followed by the other two. The effects of inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa on maize plants were studied under pot culture conditions. P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa was inoculated to maize plants alone or together with inorganic phosphates in the form of fused phosphates (FP) and rock phosphates (RP). Inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa increased the plant growth and N and P accumulation in plants, compared with control plants, and also had positive effects when applied with RP. The results of this study show that the fungus P. oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa could solubilize different insoluble phosphates by producing organic acids, particularly malic acid, and also improved the efficiency of RP applied to maize plants.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.455-461
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• 1988

질소고정력(窒素固定力)이 큰 두과작물(豆科作物)로 알려진 Sesbania를 Growth cabinet에서 Leonard-Jar법(法)으로 재배(栽培)한 시험결과(試驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 근류균접종시(根瘤菌接種時) Sesbania의 부위별(部位別) 건물중(乾物重)은 경(莖)>엽(葉)>근(根)> Stem nodule > Root nodule순(順)으로 많으며 총건물중(總乾物重)은 근(根)+경근류균접종(莖根瘤菌接種)>근근류균(根根瘤菌) 접종(接種)> 무접종(無接種)으로 경(莖)에 근류균(根瘤菌) 접종효과(接種效果)가 인정(認定)되었다. 2. 질소고정력(窒素固定力)은 총건물중(總乾物重)과 같이 건물중(乾物重)이 많은 것이 질소고정력(窒素固定力)도 큰 경향(傾向)이며 뿌리외(外) 경(莖)에서도 질소고정력(窒素固定力)이 컸다. 3. 공기중(空氣中)에 $^{15}N$을 기준(基準)해서 자연(自然)에 존재(存在)하는 물질(物質)의 동위체(同位體)의 부위별(部位別) ${\delta}^{15}N$증가(增加)는 근(根)+경(莖)>근(根)> 무접종구(無接種區)의 순(順)이고 Root nodule 과 Stem nodule은 positive 근(根), 경(莖), 엽등(葉等)은 Negative이었다.