• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2024

A study was performed to investigate the positive impacts of humic substances (HS) on the growth of green barley, a type of green manure plant. The study was conducted in a pot culture using two different types of reclaimed soils that had been treated by land farming (DDC) and thermal desorption (YJ) methods, respectively. The experimental conditions consisted of three treatments: plant only (P), plant plus 2% HS, and no plant (control). After 89 days of culture in a controlled growth chamber, the growth of spring barley and activity of seven soil enzymes were measured. The results indicated that the addition of HS had a substantial (p<0.10) positive effect on shoot biomass in both types of soil. Furthermore, the addition of HS notably (p<0.05) enhanced all seven soil enzyme activities in both soils. Both the aboveground and belowground parts of barley plants were returned to soil and aged for 10 weeks in the same growth chamber, which resulted in notable enhancement in soil health indicators. These improvements included an increase in organic matter, a drop in bulk density, and an increase in the activity of seven different soil enzymes. When lentil seeds were planted in the aged soils, the development of the seedlings was more vigorous than that in the control in both soils, although allelopathy of barley suppressed lentil germination in soil with pH 7.0 but not in soil with pH 8.5.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.169-178
• /
• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of boron application($B_{0}$ ; control, $B_1$; 0.2, $B_2$; 2.0, B$_3$; 6.0, $B_4$; 15.0 boron me/pot) on the forage performance of pure and mixed cultures of orchardgrass and white clover. The third part was concerned with the changes in the contents and yields of nitrogen compounds(crude/pure protein and soluble N-compound) in forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. With no additional fertilization, especially nitrogen, in a pure culture, the $B_{0}$ and $B_4$ treatments on white clover decreased the amount of crude/pure protein, and showed nitrogen deficiency symptoms. However, the optimum boron application($B_2$) positively resulted in the increase of crude and pure protein, especially pure protein, and the content ratio of pure protein/soluble N-compounds. With additional fertilization, especially nitrogen, differences were not found among the boron treatments($B_{0}$, $B_2$, and $B_4$). 2. Owing to the decline of white clover as affected by the additional fertilization, especially nitrogen, in the grass-clover mixed cultures, the effects of B-application on these contents of white clover were different and relatively low, compared with the pure cultures. But the positive effect of $B_2$ treatment tended to be similar to the pure cultures. Also, it was recognized that the $B_2$ treatment resulted in the increase of their contents in orchardgrass, however, the effect was relatively minor compared with that of white clover. 3. The optimum B application(B$_2$) on white clover influenced relatively better on the yields of crude and pure protein than on the dry matter yields, especially with no additional fertilization. The effects of boron application on the contents and yields of crude and pure protein were different according to the forage species, whether it was a pure or mixed culture, and additional fertilization.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.10
• /
• pp.3218-3224
• /
• 2012

Uniform and well dispersed metal sulfide semiconductor nanoparticles incorporated into matrices of alginate biopolymer are prepared by using a facile in situ method. The reaction was accomplished by impregnation of alginate with divalent metal ions followed by reaction with thioacetamide. XRD analysis showed that the nanoparticles incorporated in the polymer matrix were of cubic structure with the average particle diameter of 1.8 to 4.8 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the particles were well dispersed and distributed uniformly in the matrices of alginate polymer. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of alginate in the nanocomposite. The crystalline nature and thermal stability of the alginate polymer was found to be influenced by the nature of the divalent metal ions used for the synthesis. The proposed method is considered to be a simple and greener approach for large scale synthesis of uniform sized nanoparticles.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2003

Five seed kernel namely, Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Pongamia (Pongamia glabra L. Pierre), Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), Mahua (Madhuca indica Gmel.) and Shikakai (Acacia cancinna De.) were tested against hatching of eggs and larval mortality of Meloidogyne incognita causing root knot disease in mulberry along with Furadan (Carbofuran) and Bionema (a bioformulation developed from Verticillium chlamydosporium) for comparison. Results revealed that highest hush-up of hatching was observed in Neem (77.40%) and Pongamia (75.99%) seed kernel extracts at 100% concentration over the check. Similarly, highest larval mortality was observed in Neem and Pongamia by 76.00% and 74.50%, respectively at 100% concentration after 72 hrs of exposure period. Pot culture studies revealed that pre-application of seed kernel powders (20 days before inoculation of nematode) found to be more effective in controlling the root knot disease than post application. In pre application of seed kernel powders, maximum reduction of root knots was observed in case of Neem seed kernel powder (54.85%) followed by Pongamia (51.9%). Similar trend was also observed in reduction of egg masses/plant and nematode population ／250 cc soil. Rest of the seed kernel extracts was found to be less effective in suppression of hatching, enhancing the larval mortality and controlling the root knot disease. However, application of Furadan and Bionema tested for the comparison were found to be more effective than seed kernel powders. The generated information seems to be useful in developing an ecofriendly integrated approach for the control of root knot nematode disease in mulberry.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.903-908
• /
• 2005

Inoculation of the carrier-based mixed bioinoculants af N-fixer (Azospirillum lipoferum strain Az204/Rhizobium strain BMBS P47) and phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum strain Pb 1) promoted growth and yield of pearl millet and blackgram under pot-culture conditions. The mixed inoculant of Az204 and Pb 1 enhanced germination, seedling vigor, plant height, and seed weight, and resulted in $6\%$ increase in grain yield of pearl millet. Likewise, the mixed inoculant of BMBS P47 and Pb1 increased growth, nodulation, and yield in blackgram. The rhizosphere soil enzyme activities, including nitrogenase, urease, and phosphatase, in both pearl millet and blackgram were significantly increased by the inoculation of the mixed inoculant, compared to that of the individual inoculants. The results clearly indicate the beneficial effect of co-culturing the N-fixer and P-solubilizer in inoculants production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.24 no.10
• /
• pp.1327-1336
• /
• 2014

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain NJZJSB3 has shown antagonism of several phytopathogens in vitro, especially Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Both the broth culture and cell suspension of strain NJZJSB3 could completely protect the detached leaves of canola (Brassica napus) from S. sclerotiorum infection. In pot experiments, the application of strain NJZJSB3 cell suspension ($10^8CFU/ml$) decreased the disease incidence by 83.3%, a result similar to commercially available fungicide (Dimetachlone). In order to investigate the potential biocontrol mechanisms of strain NJZJSB3, the nonvolatile antifungal compounds it produces were identified as iturin homologs using HPLC-ESI-MS. Antifungal volatile organic compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The detected volatiles toluene, phenol, and benzothiazole showed antifungal effects against S. sclerotiorum in chemical control experiments. Strain NJZJSB3 also produced biofilm, siderophores and cell-wall-degrading enzymes (protease and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase). These results suggest that strain NJZJSB3 can be a tremendous potential agent for the biological control of sclerotinia stem rot.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.611-617
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to examine the yield of lotus leaves and roots per one native white lotus grown in Hoesan, Muan of Jeonnam districts, which were promoted by Muan-Gun, Jeonnam as a local speciality. We planted the rhizomes with 2 internodes in a rubber pot in the middle of April. Then on September, 24, 2008, we dug out the main rhizomes and it had grown by 810cm. From the data, the leaf area was $34,442\;cm^2$, the fresh leaf weight was 1,230g, and the dry leaf weight was 235.4g. The weight of the edible fresh stalk and dry weight leaf were 1,325g and 164.3g. Yield of the white lotus root were 1,480g on Sept. 4, 3,880g on Sept. 20 and 4,172g on Oct. 18. Native white lotus are able to be harvested early as September, however, it is be better that it is harvested in the middle of October based on the yield.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2002

To restore the forest ecosystem severely damaged by air pollution around industrial complexes, plants tolerant to the polluted environment were selected by transplant and pot culture experiments. A restoration plan by arranging those tolerant species was prepared based on the ecological diagnostic results on an area that requires restoration. Transplant experiment in Ulsan and Yeocheon areas, the representative industrial complexes in Korea, selected eight tolerant species of Quercus aliena, Q. acutissima, Q. dentata, Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Ligustrum japonicum, Styrax japonica, and Poncirus trifoliata. Cultivation in the polluted soil transported from the Ulsan and Yeocheon industrial complexes chose five tolerant plants of Q. aliena, Q. acutissima, Q. serrata, Styrax japonica, and Alnus firma. A plan to restore the forest ecosystem of Mt. Dotjil, which experienced the severest ecosystem degradation in the Ulsan industrial complex, was prepared by applying those tolerant species along with treatment for soil amelioration. Arrangement of the tolerant species was designed by considering their ecological characteristics including distribution range on topography and shade tolerance. Soil amelioration was focused on the improvement of fertility and moisture conditions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.173-179
• /
• 1973

Tobacco, which has nicotine for its main component, has been in medical use for a long time and in great demand for smoking throughout the world. The purpose of this study is to control nicotine amount and to increase yield more efficiently by the method of systematic variations. Nutrient solutions for tobacco culture were designed and prepared in 10 kinds with mineral ions: $NO_{3^-},\;SO_{4^{--},\;PO_4{^{-3},\;K,{^+}\;Ca,{^{++}\;Mg,{^{++}$, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Fe. Nicotiana tabacum L. Yellow Special A, grown for 50days from sowing, was replanted in plastic pot and cultured for 65 days supplying with prepared nutrient solutions. After harvest, their nicotine amount was determined by means of acid-base titrimetry and gas chromatography. The tobacco plants in KCa 4 and KMg 9 groups demonstrated the highest yield in total leaves weight and KMg 7 group in average nicotine amount. They have shown the increase of nicotine amount from lower leaf to 16th leaf, and thereafter decreased gradually. The author also pursued the optimum ionic proportions for the absolute nicotine amount in tobacco by means of systematic variations method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2005.08a
• /
• pp.100-113
• /
• 2005

Leaf color and plant vigor are key indicators of crop health. These visual plant attributes are frequently used by greenhouse managers, producers, and consultants to make water, nutrient, and disease management decisions. Remote sensing techniques can quickly quantify soil and plant attributes, but it requires humans to translate such data into meaningful information. Over time, scientists have used reflectance data from individual wavebands to develop a series of indices that attempt to quantify things like soil organic matter content, leaf chlorophyll concentration, leaf area index, vegetative cover, amount of living biomass, and grain yield. The recent introduction of active sensors that function independent of natural light has greatly expanded the capabilities of scientists and managers to obtain useful information. Characteristics and limitations of active sensors need to be understood to optimize their use for making improved management decisions. Pot experiments involving sand culture were conducted in 2003 and 2004 in a green house to evaluate corn and red pepper biomass. The rNDVI, gNDVI and aNDVI by ground-based remote sensors were used for evaluation of corn and red pepper biomass. The result obtained from the case study was shown that ground remote sensing as a non-destructive real-time assessment of plant nitrogen status was thought to be a useful tool for in season crop nitrogen management providing both spatial and temporal information.