Efficacy of Different Seed Kernels against Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Mulberry

  • Published : 2003.06.01

Abstract

Five seed kernel namely, Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Pongamia (Pongamia glabra L. Pierre), Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), Mahua (Madhuca indica Gmel.) and Shikakai (Acacia cancinna De.) were tested against hatching of eggs and larval mortality of Meloidogyne incognita causing root knot disease in mulberry along with Furadan (Carbofuran) and Bionema (a bioformulation developed from Verticillium chlamydosporium) for comparison. Results revealed that highest hush-up of hatching was observed in Neem (77.40%) and Pongamia (75.99%) seed kernel extracts at 100% concentration over the check. Similarly, highest larval mortality was observed in Neem and Pongamia by 76.00% and 74.50%, respectively at 100% concentration after 72 hrs of exposure period. Pot culture studies revealed that pre-application of seed kernel powders (20 days before inoculation of nematode) found to be more effective in controlling the root knot disease than post application. In pre application of seed kernel powders, maximum reduction of root knots was observed in case of Neem seed kernel powder (54.85%) followed by Pongamia (51.9%). Similar trend was also observed in reduction of egg masses/plant and nematode population /250 cc soil. Rest of the seed kernel extracts was found to be less effective in suppression of hatching, enhancing the larval mortality and controlling the root knot disease. However, application of Furadan and Bionema tested for the comparison were found to be more effective than seed kernel powders. The generated information seems to be useful in developing an ecofriendly integrated approach for the control of root knot nematode disease in mulberry.

Keywords

References

  1. Alam, M. M. (1993) Bioactivity against phytonematodes; in Neem Research and Development. Randhawa, N. S. and B. S. Parmar (eds.), pp. 123-143, Society of Pesticide Science, India
  2. Darekar, K. S. and Jagdale (1989) Estimation of yield losses in chickpea due to Meloidogyne incognita. Intl. NematoI. Network. NewsIette. 6, 9-10
  3. De Leij, F. A. A. M. and B. R. Kerry (1991) The nematophagus fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium as a potential biological control agent against Meloidogyne arenaria. Revue de Nematologie 14, 157-164
  4. De Leij, F. A. A. M., B. R. Kerry and Dennehy (1993) Verticillium chIamydosporium as a biological control agent for Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla in pot and micro plot tests. Nematologica 39, 115-126 https://doi.org/10.1163/187529293X00097
  5. Goswami, B. K. and N. Meshram (1991) Studies on Comparative efficacy of mustard and karanji oil seed cakes with a nematicide Carbofuran against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato, Indian J. Nematol. 21, 66-70
  6. Govindaiah, S. B. Dandin, D. D. Sharma and R. K. Datta (1993) Efficacy of different doses of Carbofuran on MeIoidogyne incognita infesting mulberry, Indian J. Seric. 32, 99-101
  7. Govindaiah, S. B. Dandin, K. Giridhar and R. K. Datta (1994) Efficacy of different doses of Neem oil cake on Meloidogyne incognita infesting mulberry. SericoIogia 34, 717-721
  8. Gupta, V. P. (2001) Diseases of mulberry and their management; in Plant Pathology. Trivedi, P. C. (ed.), pp. 130-164, Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, India
  9. Khan, A. M., M. M. Alam and S. K. Saxena (1974) Mechanism of the control of plant parasitic nematodes, as a result of the application of oil cakes to the soil. Indian J. Nematol. 4, 93-96
  10. Khurana, U. R. and Sushma Kumari (1995) Effect of four seed extracts on Juvenile mortality of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infesting mulberry, Indian J. Seric. 32, 37-41
  11. Martens, M. C. A. and G. R. Stirling (1993) Parasitism of Meloidogyne sp. on grape and kiwifruit by the fungal egg parasites Paecilomyces liIacinus and Verticillium ChIamydosporium. NematoIogica 39, 400-410 https://doi.org/10.1163/187529293X00349
  12. Philip, T., V. P. Gupta, Govindaiah, A. K. Bajpai and R. K. Datta (1994) Diseases of mulberry in India $\~n$ Research Priorities and management strategies. Intl. J. Trop. Plant Dis. 12, 1-21
  13. Sharma, D. D. (1998) Nematicidal effect of culture filtrates of biocontrol agents on hatching of Meloidogyne incognita eggs in comparison with Rugby 10 g and Neem oil cake. IntI. Tropical Plant Dis. 16, 239-242
  14. Sharma, D. D. (1999a). Root knot disease of mulberry and its management, Indian Farming 49, 20-24
  15. Sharma, D. D. (1999b) Effect of culture filtrates of biocontrol agents on larval mortality of MeIoidogyne incognita in Comparison with Rugby 10 G. Indian J. Seric. 38, 152-154
  16. Shivakumar, M. and Marimuthu (1986) Efficacy of different organic amendments against phytonematodes associated with betelvine (Pipper bettte L.). Indian J. Nematol. 16, 278