• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.358-371
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic, data for developing a program for effective prevention for Postpartum Depression (PPD) by investigating the level of PPD in postpartum 2 weeks women. The subjects were 384 women who visited obstetrical clinics for postnatal care. The data were collected from June 29. 1999 to April. 2000, using a 46-item questionnaire related to PPD, and analyzed by SAS program for t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, stepwise multiple regressions. The results were as follows : 1. The level of PPD according to general characteristics Women had mild PPD (Min score; 46.0, Max score; 124.0). The PPD levels were significantly differences according to religion and marital satisfaction (p<0.05). 2. The level of PPD according to obstetrical characteristics 1) Characteristics related to pregnancy The PPD levels were significantly differences according to mood change, confidence of body weight recovery, depression related to appearance change, husband's help to housework, and husband's emotional support (p<0.05). 2) Stressful events during pregnancy The PPD levels were significantly differences according to financial problem, conflict between partners, conflict between family, and husband's job change (p<0.05). 3) Characteristics related to delivery and post natal period The PPD levels were significantly differences according to baby's health state, parenting confidence, and difficulties related to postpartum care (p<0.05). 3. The variables to predict postpartum depression in postpartum women are depression related to appearance change (10.4%), parenting confidence (8.8%), husband's help to housework (2.7%), confidence of body weight recovery (2.4%), husband's job change (1.9%), baby's health state (1.9%), difficulties related to postpartum care (1.6%), mood change (1.2%), conflict between partners (0.6%), marital satisfaction (0.5%), financial problem (0.4%). The sum total of all the above variables can account for 32.4% of postpartum depression. 4. The level of PPD according to PPD factors. Women had the highest degree of PPD in biophysiological phenomena-disturbance of physical functioning factor. The factors of relationship to baby-negative feeling and cognitive phenomena-self concept disturbance were showed the lowest degree of PPD. As a result of the above findings, a systemic and individualized program is strongly recommended for PPD prevention, diagnosis, and care for PPD in postpartum women. In near future, this study should be expanded to investigate the coping skills according to the PPD levels in postpartum women.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

Presently there is an increasing demand for home health care services due to changes in the demographic structure as a result of an increasing elderly population, socio-economic improvements, and changes in the family structure, as well as the growing number of people with degenerative diseases. In addition to these reasons, rising medical costs and there a shortage of patient beds space in the hospital, particularly since introduction of national medical insurance. There has been an increasing demand for health care health care services. This study was done to identify the basic data for home health care management. It focused on developing client selection criteria, assessment tools, and recording methods. This was accomplished by the researchers visiting the patients in their homes. The research process included preparation investigation, tool development, training of the project researcher, and visiting the clients in their homes. The research tools are as follows : 1. Record development : a) The selection criteria tool for home health care of postpartum women was a structured tool and consisted of four parts. b) The structured assessment tool consisted of a general items, obstetric history, past medical history, methods of feeding, medications taken before admission, laboratory test results, discharge instructions, discharge medications, family tree, economic status, environmental status, a map, health assessment of postpartum women and their newborns. c) The visit note I consisted of the frequency of visits. Visit note II consisted of the date ; nursing problems ; nursing process including the initial assessment ; nursing goal ; visit plan ; postpartum women and their neonate health status, diagnosis, goal, implementation, evaluation, summary, next plan, for visit revision. d) Problem note consisted of the date, problem numbers, nursing diagnosis, problem appearance date problem resolution date. The research results are as follows : 1. Nursing problems : The nursing problems of the postpartum women and their neonates were evaluated by the number of nursing diagnoses and the change in the pattern of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. a) Nursing diagnosis The nursing diagnosis was classified according to physical function, psychosocial function, family system maintained function. b) The changes of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. As the type of nursing diagnosis changed related to the number of visits the number of nursing diagnoses decreased. 2. Contents of home health care : The content was categorized according to assessment, direct care, counseling, education, family care, reporting to with the attending doctor. The recommendations based on the research results are as follows : 1. Tool development Replication of this study is needed to test the validity of the assessment tools used. 2. Home visit a) Home health care nurses should be licensed and qualified. A referral form from the attending doctor is needed for legal protection of nurses. b) The first home visit need to be within 24 hours of discharge from the hospital to decrease the anxiety of frightened postpartum women. c) When the changes occur in the newborn's status, home health care nurses should consult a pediatrician. Communication within the home healthcare team is essential and needs to consistent and done smoothly. 3. Home health care A Study is required to develop protocols for education of staff and for operation of all aspects of this program.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2019

Purpose: To identify needs for pregnancy and postpartum adaptation of Chinese immigrant women and Vietnamese immigrant women in South Korea. Methods: A descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected from 244 Chinese immigrant women and Vietnamese immigrant women from 3 provinces, 20 health care centers, and multi-cultural family support centers. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results: An average score for needs perceived by Chinese immigrant women was significantly higher than that perceived by Vietnamese immigrant women. There were significantly differences in physical and emotional adaptation after childbirth, nutrition during pregnancy, cross cultural understanding and personal respect, and adaptation daily activity during pregnancy between the 2 groups. The highest score of needs in Chinese immigrant women was for nutrition during pregnancy and that in Vietnamese immigrant women was for baby rearing and family support. Conclusion: Based on needs of pregnancy and postpartum adaption, nursing intervention program in consideration of cultural characteristics of Chinese immigrant women and Vietnam immigrant women need to be developed for their pregnancy and postpartum health care.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.79-96
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to survey the performance of postpartum care and compare the western medicine and Korean medicine according to women's postpartum disease. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the prevention and management of postpartum disease. Methods: The subjects were 228 women who experienced postpartum disease. This research was conducted in G city, at outpatient department of western medicine hospital and Korean medicine hospital. The degree of performance of postpartum care was measured on a 4-point scale divided by each area, and was compared in three groups. Results: Postpartum care includes traditional postpartum care and postpartum care in hospitals. The degree of performance of postpartum care means that the higher the score, the better. The traditional postpartum care performance score was 2.35 and the postpartum care performance score at the hospital was 1.63. The results of this study showed that the performance of traditional postpartum care was higher than that of postpartum care administered in hospitals. The perception of traditional postpartum care methods was 'An indispensable postpartum care method for health' (75.9%). The most effective method of postpartum care was 'consolidate in harmony traditional postpartum care and guidance of the medical team' (88.2%). Conclusions: The improvement and satisfaction degree of postpartum care were higher in Korean medicine than in western treatments. Therefore, the most efficient method of postpartum care must be integrated in harmony with the direction of the medical staff and traditional methods of postpartum care.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Objective Weight change in the postpartum period is a dominant concern of new mothers recently. Postpartum weight retention has important public health implication as well, because retention of gestational weight can be a significant contributor to long-term obesity and associated health risks. This study was designed to collect the latest papers and find more effective approach for postpartum obesity. Methods We searched 81 papers in English from PubMed and selected 41 in favor of our study. In addition to that, we searched 11 papers in Korean and 2 papers in Chinese. Results are as follows. Results and Conclusions These papers show that many different factors were related with postpartum weight retention. This study suggests that moderate weight gain during pregnancy is important to prevent postpartum obesity. Adequate caloric restriction and exercise are needed to prevent from postpartum weight retention. In addition, husbands, some relatives and friends are primary sources for postpartum female to lose and keep up weight. The effect of weight loss associated with lactation significantly differs from paper to paper. There are not many treatments for postpartum weight retention. So, more effective treatments using Korean traditional medicine must be improved even from now on. This study can offer many ideas to treat postpartum weight retention.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify effects of fatigue and postpartum depression on quality of life in early postpartum mothers. Methods: The data were collected from 130 mothers at four general hospitals in J and M metropolitan cities. Instruments used to collect the data for the study were the Fatigue Scale developed by Pugh (1993); Postpartum Depression Scale developed by Cox, Holden & Sagovsky (1987), and the Quality of Life Scale developed by Hill, Aldag, Hekel, Riner, G., & Bloomfield (2006). Results: Results showed that the mean for fatigue was 56.74, the mean for postpartum depression was $8.00{\pm}4.37$ and mean for quality of life was 19.78. The quality of life variable showed statistically significant differences for the variable: age (F=3.20, p=.026). The relationship between fatigue and quality of life showed a significant negative correlation (r=-.44, p<.001). The relationship between postpartum depression and quality of life also showed a negative correlation (r=-.42, p<.001). The relationship between postpartum depression and fatigue showed a positive correlation (r=.59, p<.001). These factors explained 23% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusion: The results indicate that it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs to improve quality of life in for early postpartum mothers.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.196-208
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to test the efficacy of a nurse-led postpartum self-care (NLPPSC) intervention at reducing postpartum fatigue (PPF) and depressive mood and promoting maternal functioning among first-time mothers in Bangladesh. Methods: A non-synchronized quasi-experimental design was used. First-time mothers were recruited during postpartum and assigned to the experimental or control group (34 each). The experimental group received the NLPPSC in the hospital, a 1-day intervention that focused on increasing self-efficacy. The control group received usual care. Data on PPF, depressive mood, maternal functioning, self-care behaviors, postpartum self-efficacy, and self-care knowledge were collected at postpartum 2 weeks (attrition 23.5%) and 6 weeks (attrition 16.1%). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate statistics, and linear mixed model analysis. Results: One-third (33.3%) of new mothers experienced depressive mood (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores of ≥13 points). The NLPPSC intervention was statistically significant in decreasing PPF (β=-6.17, SE=1.81, t=-3.39, p<.01) and increased maternal functioning at postpartum 6 weeks in the experimental group (β=13.72, t=3.73, p<.01) compared to the control. Knowledge was also statistically significant for increased maternal functioning over time (β=.37, SE=.18, t=2.03, p<.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in depressive mood over time. Conclusion: The NLPPSC intervention was feasible and effective in improving fatigue and maternal functioning in Bangladeshi mothers by postpartum 6 weeks and thus supports implementing the NLPPSC intervention for new mothers after childbirth.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1999

Postpartum depression is one of the most serious problems in maternal health because it affects not only the mother but also her family. Postpartum depression disturbs maternal -infant interaction and attachment. However, most postpartum depression patients ignore this problem and do not seek treatment. Thus this study in conducted to development of a Home-Based Multimedia Tutoring System for postpartum depression management. With this computerized system, mothers in the postpartum periods can check the level of postpartum depression using a personal computer. This system will go through each mother's data and screen those who have abnormal values. In addition this system includes intervention programs -education for nutrition, hygiene care, sleep, postpartum exercise, methods of relaxation, deep breathing, visualization, music therapy and family therapy-to relieve postpartum depression. Using this system, a mother who has a minor level of depression can manage it by herself. Computer language used in this study were html 3.2, OS used was Microsoftware NT Server 4.0, the graphic tool was Adobe Photoshop 4.0, and the Webpage tool was Notepade. The results of this study are show at internet “URL : http : //203.241.225.42/”. Finally, the author suggests that this system could be adequately applied to assessing postpartum depression and as a intervention strategy for mothers during the postpartum period. Further this study contributes to designing an appropriate postpartum depression prevention strategy.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a simulation-based postpartum care education program for women with postpartum hemorrhage and to verify the effects of the program on postpartum care. Methods: This program was developed according to the ADDIE model of instructional system design, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. This quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design, and data were collected from April 23 to May 4, 2015. To verify the effects of the program, 33 nursing students in the experimental group participated in a simulation program, whereas 31 students in the control group were given a case study. Results: The experimental group had statistically significantly higher scores for clinical performance (t=-4.80, p<.001), clinical judgment (t=-4.14, p<.001), and learning satisfaction (t=-10.45, p<.001) than the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the simulation-based postpartum care education program for women with postpartum hemorrhage was effective for developing students' competency, implying that a similar program should be integrated into the clinical training component of the maternal nursing curriculum.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy on postpartum stress and maternal attachment of puerperal women. Methods: The participants were puerperal women who agreed to participate in this study and through a convenience sampling, 84 puerperal women were recruited (40 in the experimental group, 44 in the control group). After measuring postpartum stress and maternal attachment, music therapy was provided to the experimental group over 60min, three times a week, and for 2 weeks. Then, postpartum stress and maternal attachment for the experimental and control group were measured again before discharge. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. Results: The first hypothesis that "the degree of postpartum stress for the experimental group who participated in music therapy would be lower than that of the control group" was accepted. The second hypothesis that "the degree of maternal attachment the experimental group who participated in music therapy would be higher than that of the control group" was accepted. Conclusion: These findings indicate that music therapy has positive influences on decreasing postpartum stress and increasing maternal attachment of puerperal women.