• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-22
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identified the level of the exposure to the PC Pornography and what's their post-exposure reactions to the PC pornography. The subjects were 423 middle school boys in Pusan. The survey was executed from July 12 through October 30, 1999. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN using the %, mean, ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. 79.4%(336 boys) were exposed to the PC pornography. 46.3%(196 boys) answered that they experienced the published pornography prior to the PC pornography. 2. 78.5%(333 boys) answered that they had their PC in their homes. This ratio revealed the higher level of possession. 67.6% said that their PC were set in their own rooms. 57.9% of the subject answered they experienced the Internet Communications. 68.6% of the subject said that they tried PC communications once or twice in a week. 38.5% of the subject expressed that they used their own PC for 1-2 hours in a day. Most of them(82.7%) enjoyed the PC games or entertainment programs. 81.3% of the subject answered that their school performance didn't show the progress after the use of their own PC. 78.3% of the subject answered that they acquired information. 45.2% of the subject answered that they made their friend through the Internet communications. 78.7% of the subject answered that the time of family dialogue decreased. 70.7% of the subject answered that the time of their TV watching decreased. 3. As for their post-exposure reactions the subject who were exposed to the PC Pornography showed the point 2.93 in the item 'pleasure'. The point of 'sexual impulses' was 2.81. But the point of 'anxiety' was 2.75, the point of 'dislike or disgust' was 2.62, the point of 'guilty' was 2.59. 4. According to the frequency, the motivation and the companionship on the exposure to PC Pornography, their post-exposure reaction scores showed differences significantly. Finally, the post-exposure reaction had relation to the frequency, the motivation, the companionship and the place (F=3.28 ~ 8.40, p=.012 ~ .000).

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mental practice on biceps brachii muscle strengthening in 3 poststroke hemiplegia patients along with multiple baseline design across subjects. The mental practice adopted for this experiment involved imagery training to practice elbow flexion, which last 12 to 16 sessions with 30 minutes each session. Maximal muscle activities was measured pre- and post-mental practice to evaluate the strength of biceps brachii. The strength of biceps brachii was measured by surface-EMG. The results were: In the subject 1, 73.92 mV (pre-) and 127.56 mV (post-); in the subject 2, 147.60 mV (pre-) and 202.85 mV (post-); and in the subject 3, 20.75 mV (pre-) and 27.92 mV (post-). The results indicate that a simple mental practice is a useful method to strengthen biceps brachii muscle in hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.483-491
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• 2019

In orderto cope with the post-2020 in accordance with the Paris Agreement, greenhouse gas (GHG)reduction in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and its contributions to post-2020 were discussed. The 26 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) administered by Geum-River Basin Environmental Office from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed for reviewing GHG mitigation measures. From the case study, it was found that the assessment of GHG emissions reduction and climate change adaptation were not appropriately performed. In this study, the following measures are proposed to improve the inappropriate assessment of 'GHG subject matter' associated with EIA according to post-2020, 1) allotment of enforced charge on GHG emission during the EIA process, 2) addition of the 'GHG subject matter' in 'establishing permissible discharge standards' which is based on "Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-discharging Facilities", and 3) the participation of stakeholders in early EIA stage for governance. Also the details on the EIA for the preparedness of post-2020 were discussed here.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.43
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• pp.57-79
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emotion and EEG of people with mental illness by vocational rehabilitation program based on horticultural therapy. The subjects of the study were three people with mental illness who were training in a vocational rehabilitation team at a health center located in G city, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The result of this study, positive affect increased and negative affect decreased. The result of EEG inspection was increased 17.27% on pre test to 21.39% on post test for Theta wave and 39.66% on pre test to 49.02% on post test for Alpha wave in case of subject A. Also Beta wave was decreased 27.53% on pre test to 17.54% on post test. Subject B increased Alpha wave 29.70% on pre to 31.82% on post. Subject C increased Alpha wave 26.30% on pre to 49.42% on post. Beta wave decreased 29.85% on pre to 16.13% on post. Theta wave, when creatively idea or thought occurs, alpha wave when safety and focusing was increased and beta wave when stress, tension and anxiety was decreased. As a result of profits analysis, subject A spent cost a total of 101,700 won for material and achieve profits of 203,400 won by setting a sales price. Therefore, gain the 101,700 won of net revenue. Subject B spent cost a total of 81,000 won for material and achieve profits of 162,000 won by setting a sales price. Therefore, gain the 81,000 won of net revenue. Subject C spent cost a total of 56,200 won for material and achieve profits of 112,400 won by setting a sales price. Therefore, gain the 56,200 won of net revenue.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.323-338
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• 1991

This study investigated the effect of supportive nursing care including modified guided imagery on the discomfort, self- esteem, erythrocyte semdimentation rate(ESR) and quality of life(Q. L.) in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (R. A.). The purpose was to contribute to the development of theoretical nursing care to enhance the Q. L. of persons with chronic illness. From Nov. 22, 1990 to May 2, 1991, 49 patients registered at a rheumatic clinic at one general hospital in Seoul, were accepted according to the research criteria as subjects for this study. Among these, 26 were selected for an experimental group to he treated with an interpersonal interview and modified guided imagery, the other 23 became the control group not treated for the purpose of measuring and comparing the effect of the treatment. Statistical analysis was done by a SAS program for X$^2$-test, unpaired t -test, Pearson correlation coefficients and factor analysis. The results were as follows : 1. The pre-experimental discomfort level of the total subject group averaged 25.42(S. D. ＝8.77), and the difference between the pre /post experimental discomfort levels of the two groups was not statistically significant. 2. The pre - experimental self- esteem scores of the total subject group averaged 27.48(S. D. ＝3.95), and the difference between the pre /post experimental self -esteem scores of the two groups was not statistically significant. 3. The pre - experimental Q. L. scores of the total subject group averaged 28.70(S. D. ＝5.99), and the difference between the pre /post experimental Q. L. score of the two groups was statistically significant (t＝2.1748, df＝47, p＝ .0347), 4. The pre - experimental mean of the ESR of the total subject group was 34.48(S. D. ＝19.50) mm, and the difference between the pre /post expeimental ESR scores of the two groups was not statistically significant. 5. The Family support scores of the total subject group averaged 41.28(S. D. ＝10.27). 6. The total subject group 0.L. score was correlated with self-exteem score (r＝ .3984, p＝ .0046). In this study, supportive nursing care including modified guided imagery increased the quality of life scores for this group of persons with R. A. significantly. So the concept of supportive nursing care of this study may be effective in enhancing the quality of life persons with chronic illness. Further investigations related to the methodology and with other groups of clients was recommended.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.268-281
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• 1997

This study was done for the purpose of analysing the relationship between menopausal syndrome and depression in the pre and post menopausal women's group. Data were collected by a questionnaire from November, 1995 to December, 1996. The subject were 244 midlife women(94 subjects were in pre-menopausal period, 150 subject were in post-menopausal period). The instruments used for this study were the menopausal syndrome scale by Neugarton and depression scale by Zung. Data were analyzed with the SPSS/PC using frequency, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The most serious menopausal symptom in the midlife women was 'back pain and joint pain'. 2. The item of 'Hot flush'(t=-2.78, p<0.01), 'sweating'(t=-2.31, p<0.05) and 'nervousness'(t=-2.13, p<0.05) as menopausal syndromes were statistically significant in the two groups ; Post menopausal group were higher then premenopausal group. 3. Postmenopausal group were a little higher then premenopausal group as depression level. It was none statistically significant in the two groups. 4. The relationship between menopausal syndromes and the level of depression was statistically significant in the group of post-menopausal group(r=0.2083, p<0.01).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of moving cupping therapy on the edema of paretic hand in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects were stroke patients with flaccid hemiplegia. Each subject's routine therapy program was maintained throughout single subject ABAB design. During the first week, baseline data were gathered. During the second and fourth week, intervention was provided(total 20minutes of moving cupping therapy, from contralateral to ipsilateral, distal to proximal). During third and fifth week, data were gathered with treatment withdrawn. Edema was measured with hand volumeter and measuring tape. Basically Bayesian analysis was performed using WinBUGS(ver. 1.4), for addition, visual graph and mean score were also presented for comparison between treatment(moving cupping therapy) and non-treatment. Results : The visual graph and mean score showed decrease in edema during the treatment weeks. Overall decrease in edema by moving cupping therapy was verified significantly by using Bayesian ana-lysis(95% credibility intervals). Conclusions : This study suggests that moving cupping therapy could be applicable for reducing post-stroke hand edema. Further research would be needed to establish guidelines for use.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.425-433
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• 2014

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of CAD (Computer Aided Design) based alpine mono-ski bucket design on disabled ski athletes' kinematic characteristics. Two national team ski athletes with LW11 disabilities (Locomotion Winter Classification) category for sit ski participated in both pre and post experiment. Both of the subjects performed 3 trials of carved turn on a ski slope under two conditions. Where, subject "A" performed pre experiment with personal bucket and post experiment with the newly developed CAD based bucket whereas, Subject "B" as control subject performed both pre and post experiment with his personal bucket. For the experiment, 24 Infrared cameras were positioned on the ski slope which covered the path of the ski turn. Also, motion capture suit with reflective markers were worn by both subjects. In the result, decrement in medial/lateral displacement of COM, anterior/posterior displacement of COM, flexion/extension angle of trunk as well as velocity losing rate of COM was observed in subject "A" when using the newly developed CAD based bucket. In contrast, no larger effect on performance was observed when using personal buckets. In conclusion, the findings obtained from the study indicated effectiveness of newly developed CAD based bucket by reducing excessive movement of hip and trunk which is an important factor to perform an effective turn.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.525-534
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• 2007

It is a common practice in many research areas that multiple range tests for a between subject factor such as Tukey are applied to a within subject factor in a repeated measures design. Tukey procedure, however, sometimes detects no pairs with different means even when the hypothesis of all equal level means is rejected. This study attempts to provide a rationale for the proposition that Tukey is inappropriate post hoc procedure for a within subject factor in which the observations are correlated. We introduce two multiple range tests, Bonferroni and Scheffe, for a within subject factor and show that Bonferroni is more appropriate than Scheffe for pairwise multiple comparisons. Subsequent simulation study indicates that Tukey has significantly less power than Bonferroni in detecting actual difference between means of some pairs when the observations of a within subject factor are highly correlated.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.237-257
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• 2005

It was to study as a following-research of "A Case Study on Center of Gravity(COG) Analysis when Performing Uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by Posture and Voluntary Resistance Levels(VRL) of Uke in Judo[I]". The purpose of this study was to analyze the COG variables when performing uchimata(inner thigh reaping throw) by two postures and voluntary resistance levels(VRL) of uke(reciver) in Judo. The subjects, who were one male judoka(YH) for 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games Olympian(silver medalist), and one male trainee; Y.I.University representative member (SDK), and were filmed on two S-VHS 16mm video cameras(60fields/sec.) through 3-dimensional motion analysis methods, that postures of uke were shizenhontai (straight natural posture) and jigohontai(straight defensive posture), VRL of uke were 0% and 100%, respectively. The kinematical variable was COG variable, distance of COG, and distance of resultant COG between uke and tori(the thrower), velocity and acceleration of COG. The data of this study collection were digitized by SIMI Motion Program computed the mean values and the standard deviation calculated for each variables. When performing uchinmata according to each posture and VRL of uke and classifying. From the data analysis and discussion, the conclusions were as follows : 1. Displacement of COG Subject YH, COG was the highest in kuzushi(balance -breaking), vertical COG was low when following in tsukuri(positioning; set-up), kake(application; execution), and COG was pattern of same character each postures and resistance, respectively. Subject SDK, COG was low from kumikata(engagement positioning) to kake, and COG was that each postures and resistance were same patterns, respectively. Subject YH, SDK, each individual, postures and resistance, vertical COG was the lowest in kake phase, when performing. 2. Distance of COG between uke and tori The distance of COG between uke and tori when performing, subject YH was $0.64{\sim}0.70cm$ in kumikata, $0.19{\sim}0.28cm$ in kake, and SDK was $0.68{\sim}0.72cm$ in kumikata, $0.30{\sim}0.42\;cm$ in kake. SDK was wider than YH. 3. Distance of resultant COG between uke and tori The distance of resultant COG between uke and tori when performing, subject YH was $0.27{\sim}0.73cm$ from kumikata to kake. and SDK was $0.14{\sim}0.34cm$ in kumikata, $0.28{\sim}0.65cm$ in kake. Jigohontai(YH:$0.43{\sim}0.73cm$,SDK:$0.59{\sim}0.65cm$) was more moved than shizenhontai(YH:$0.27{\sim}0.53cm$, SDK: $0.28{\sim}\;0.34cm$). 4. Velocity of COG The velocity of COG when performing uchimata, subject YH was fast anterior-posterior direction in kuzushi, ant.-post. and vertical direction fast in tsukuri and kake. SDK was lateral, ant.-post. and vertical direction in kuzushi, ant.-post. and vertical direction in tsukuri and ant.-post. direction in take, respectively. 5. Acceleration of COG The acceleration of COG when performing uchimata, The trend of subject YH was showed fast vertical direction in kuzushi and tsukuri, ant.-post. and vertical direction fast in kake. The trends of SDK showed lateral direction in kuzushi, lateral and ant.-post. direction in tsukuri and ant.-post. direction in kake, respectively.