• Title/Summary/Keyword: Post-humanism

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A Transdisciplinary and Humanistic Approach on the Impacts by Artificial Intelligence Technology (인공지능과 디지털 기술 발달에 따른 트랜스/포스트휴머니즘에 관한 학제적 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Yoon;Bae, Sang-Joon
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.411-419
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    • 2019
  • Nowadays we are not able to consider and imagine anything without taking into account what is called Artificial Intelligence. Even broadcasting media technologies could not be thought of outside this newly emerging technology of A.I.. Since the last part of 20th century, this technology seemingly is accelerating it's development thanks to an unbelievably enormous computational capacity of data information treatments. In conjunction with the firmly established worldwide platform companies like GAFA(Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple), the key cutting edge technologies dubbed NBIC(Nanotech, Biotech, Information Technology, Cognitive science) converge to change the map of the current civilization by affecting the human relationship with the world and hence modifying what is essential in humans. Under the sign of the converging technologies, the relatively recently coined concepts such as 'trans(post)humanism' are emerging in the academic sphere in the North American and Major European regions. Even though the so-called trans(post)human movements are prevailing in the major technological spots, we have to say that these terms do not yet reach an unanimous acceptation among many experts coming from diverse fields. Indeed trans(post)humanism as a sort of obscure term has been a largely controversial trend. Because there have been many different opinions depending on scientific, philosophical, medical, engineering scholars like Peter Sloterdijk, K. N. Hayles, Neil Badington, Raymond Kurzweil, Hans Moravec, Laurent Alexandre, Gilbert Hottois just to name a few. However, considering the highly dazzling development of artificial intelligence technology basically functioning in conjunction with the cybernetic communication system firstly conceived by Nobert Wiener, MIT mathematician, we can not avoid questioning what A. I. signifies and how it will affect the current media communication environment.

The Task of World Literature and the Problem of Universality (세계문학의 과제와 보편의 문제)

  • Park, Sang jin
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
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    • v.23
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    • pp.81-100
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    • 2011
  • The term of world literature is now becoming an issue and lens through which we need to rethink the value of literature on a more universal dimension so as to imagine newly the location of the local or regional literature that has been alienated from the field of world literature. This kind of recognition leads us to consider the term world literature in relation to globalization and universality and to locate it on a problematical territory rather than to understand it in the traditional and Western way. Therefore the concept of world literature is now given to us as a task to resolve from our particular, or more precisely, peripheral context. The peripheral context could best operate as a possibility of reforming the West-centered order of world literature particularly in the way in which world literature obtains a more universal value. When we discuss world literature we need to consider the way of practice to re-highlight the possibility of periphery and pre-modernity without neglecting the 'light' of modernity and center. In this respect, the discourse of 'East Asia' may be useful for a transnational approach to world literature which focuses on the criticism of all kinds of centrism by foregrounding the concepts of othering and de-homogenization. For this I emphasize the attitude and methodology of 'post' which includes the power of othering and de-homogenization. The 'posty' theories such as post-colonialism, post-structuralism, post-nationalism and post-humanism allow us to indicate properly and acutely our aim by means of freer play of thought and at the same time more just definition and practice of our thought; that is, only by embracing both indication and play can we maintain the universal value of world literature. Here we can say that the global and local enterprise of ethics is the fundamental basis of world literature.

Afrofuturism : Culture, Technology and Imagination of Solidarity (아프로퓨처리즘 : 문화, 기술 그리고 연대의 상상력)

  • Changhee Han
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.5
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2023
  • This study aims to 1) summarize the definitions the definitions of afrofuturism through a theoretical review 2) through exploratory empirical research, and 3) recover the concept of reversal in relation to the turning point of future technological development. To this end, first, the theoretical background and conceptual discussion of Afrofuturism were examined, and works in the field of SF literature, music, and art were analyzed. Octavia Butler's science fiction confirms the idea that black people must liberate themselves from othered oppression by bringing the past of slavery to the forefront of the world. Janelle Monae's music presents a liberated utopia where technology allows minorities to connect with the outside world. In addition, Jean-Michel Basquiat's artwork reimagines a black identity that has been excluded and seeks to expand communal discussions. In light of their work, this paper proposes that the values inherent in African humanism can provide clues to the co-evolution that is generated by relating to the Other in the face of exponentially advancing technology.

Area Studies, History and the Anthropocene

  • Curaming, Rommel A.
    • SUVANNABHUMI
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.201-224
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    • 2020
  • The term Anthropocene encapsulates the idea that the human impact on earth has already reached the level of a geological force with catastrophic consequences, such as global warming or climate change. The envisioning of an apocalyptic future of the possible demise of the human race is central to this idea. This paper seeks to explore the implications of the Anthropocene on the very idea of history and area studies. Does the planetary scope of the Anthropocenic condition, and the concerted effort in the global scale in the need to address it, mean the end of area studies, which is premised on a particularity of an area? Is a posthumanist history feasible? If yes, how can it really help address the problem? Or, it will merely muddle the issues?

Humanity in the Posthuman Era : Aesthetic authenticity (포스트휴먼시대의 인간다움 : 심미적 진정성)

  • Ryu, Do-hyang
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • v.145
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    • pp.45-69
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    • 2018
  • This is an attempt to reflect on humanity in the post-human era. Here, I think that the question of future human beings should be critically raised in the following two meanings. First, can post-humans recover the body, emotions, nature and women's voices suppressed by modern enlightened subjects? Second, can post-humans preserve humanity by fighting inhumanity without presupposing human essence or immutable foundations? In answer to these questions, I will have a dialogue with M. Heidegger(1889-1976), W. Benjamin(1892-1940), Th. W Adorno(1903-1969). The three philosophers looked at the inhuman world situation brought about by modern subjects and technology, and found the possibility of new human beings. The three philosophers' new human image are the three possible models of post-humanism, 'a human being as ek-sistence' (Heidegger, Chapter 2), 'the man who restored the similarity with the other through innervation' (Benjamin, Chapter 3), 'A human being who negates the inhuman society' (Adorno, Chapter 4), and examines the current status of each. In conclusion, as long as the fourth industrial revolution is developed as a system of digital capitalism that controls the world as a whole from human senses, impulses, and unconsciousness, the necessity of the post-human era is aesthetic authenticity.

Formative Characteristics of Graffiti in Fashion Since 2000 (2000년 이후 패션에 나타난 그라피티 이미지의 조형적 특성)

  • Ryu, Hyun-Jung
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.159-167
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to understand graffiti images in fashion trends since 2000 and to play a guiding role in the development of fashion designs. The methods of this study are an academic literature review as well as practical study through actual case studies about. The formative characteristics of graffiti in fashion since 2000 are summarized as amusement, abstract and improvisation as follows. First, amusement graffiti is humble, weak and unfinished, but the immature and informal characters give people vitality, composure and enjoyment. It stirs up memories of childhood and induces a close affinity and comfort, and so It expresses relaxing and cozy desire. Second, abstract graffiti represents ambiguity and obscurity beyond form. It is born by reacting to equality, symmetry, mechanism, man-created beauty and the completeness of modernism. The characteristics are disorder, uncertainty, incompletion, uniformity, freedom, nature and so on. Third, improvisation graffiti is deeply related to 'indeterminacy' of post modernism which cannot forecast a perfection. This is more important as a process than an effect. Improvisation pursues humanism which denies perfection and determinacy by reaction of new technology.

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Transition of Women's Hairstyles after Renaissance to 20th Century (르네상스 이후 20세기에 이르는 여성 헤어스타일의 변천)

  • Lee, Kyung-Hee
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2007
  • In the Middle Ages it was customary to cover up the hair, but the Renaissance brought uncovered coiffures with the revival of humanism. In those days, silk and linen veil, ribbon, string of pearl used for covering, wrapping round with the hair. During the Baroque period, the style of hair was to pursue the beauty of imbalance in form, reflecting the atmosphere of the time. Hurluberlu and Fontanges hairstyles were in fashion. Then in the Rococo period, huge, resplendent coiffures of exquisite beauty were invented as a symbol of power, and these modes of hairdo were a dominant force in the culture of personal adornment of that time. Pouf and enfant hairstyles were in fashion. As a reaction against the extravagance of the proceding modes, late 18th and early 19th centuries brought revival of simpler hairstyles of ancient Greece and Rome by the influence of neoclassicism. The latter half of the 1820's onwards saw he reappearance of voluminous coiffures as well as an enormous variation of knots with combinations of false knots and chignons. Late 19th through early 20th centuries was the period of beautifully waved hair, the style of which was an integration of Marcel waves and Art Nouveau. The 20th century saw the epoch-making invention of permanent waves using electricity. Concurrently, with an increasing participation of women in social affairs since pre-and post-World War I periods, as well as with Art Deco in full flourish, bobbed hair was created in pursuit of lightness and nimbleness, quickly showing the change of women's modes of life. Hair fashions thoroughly embody the aesthetic sense of each period, reflecting the landscape of contemporary society.

Characteristics of avant-garde deconstruction-ism expressed in Alexander McQueen's Design (알렉산더 맥퀸 디자인에 나타난 아방가르드적 해체주의 특성)

  • Kwon, Hae-Sook;Keum, Yun-Jin
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.100-116
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    • 2008
  • This study aims to analyze the characteristics of deconstruction-ism expressed in the fashion of Alexander McQueen. The method and contents of this study are as follows. The three large categories for analysis are indeterminacy, decentralization, and intertextuality. The indeterminacy of meaning is divided into unstructured and unorganized factors in fashion, while decentralization can be categorized into cross-gender, subculture, and post-humanism. Lastly, inter-textuality is classified into factors of mixing mode and mixed styles. Materials for analysis were chosen from a total of 616 designs from the website, www.firstview.com, which carries McQueen's collection from 2000 S/S through 2007 F/W. My analysis qualitatively evaluates the frequency of each category and the characteristics of design. The result of this study is as followed. First, the avant-garde facets of inter-textuality are most prominent. In particular, McQueen has introduced retro fashion and ethnic factors of the third world, not to copy them but to create hybrid designs by using pastiches and mixing fashion styles. Moreover, he has enjoyed using two fabrics of different texture in order to inflict a shock and contrast, thus enriching his fashion. Second, the indeterminacy of meaning is the second most frequently shown facet of McQueen's fashion design. McQueen has employed unstructured expression techniques, which dismantle harmony and balance, the basic rule of design, and has presented unorganized images free from basic forms of design. He has made a new attempt to acknowledge clothing as an expressive artwork by allowing clothes to take a complete form when a person actually wears them. Third, the aspects of decentralization were also shown in McQueen's design. His trans-gender clothing dissolves the traditional division of men and women and adopts a mixed gender expression. Furthermore, he has even tried to express a fourth gender by connecting the human with machine or animal or by connecting the material with the non-material.

Exploration of Teacher Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and Teacher Educator PCK Characteristics in Future School Science Education

  • Youngsun Kwak;Kyu-dohng Cho
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.331-341
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    • 2023
  • The goal of this study was to examine the PCK required for science teachers and PCK required for university teacher educators in terms of school science knowledge, science teaching and learning, and the role of science educators, which are the main axes of science education in future schools, and to explore the relationship between them. This study is a follow-up to a previous stage of research that explored the prospects for changes in schools in the future (2040-2050) in terms of school knowledge, educational methods, and teacher roles. Based on in-depth interviews, qualitative and semantic network analyses were conducted to derive and compare the characteristics of PCK and PCK. As for the main research results, science teacher PCK in future schools should include expertise in organizing science classes centered on convergence topics, expertise in digital platforms and ICT use, and expertise in building a network of learning communities and resources, as part of the expertise of human teachers differentiated from AI. Teacher educators' PCK includes expertise in the research and development of T-L methods using AI, expertise in the knowledge construction process and practice, and expertise in developing preservice teachers' research competencies. Discussed in the conclusion is the change in teacher PCK and teacher educator PCK with changes in science knowledge, such as convergence-type knowledge and cognition-value integrated knowledge; and the need to emphasize values, attitudes, and ethical judgments for the coexistence of humans and non-humans as school science knowledge in the post-humanism future society.

The post-epic characteristics in Jan Lauwers' theatre -, and - (얀 라우어스(Jan Lauwers) 공연의 탈서사적 특징들 -<이사벨라의 방(Isabella's Room)>, <랍스터 가게(The Lobster Shop)>, <사슴의 집(Deer House)>을 중심으로-)

  • Nam, Jisoo
    • Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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    • no.48
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    • pp.447-484
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    • 2012
  • This study aims to analyze the characteristics of post-epic theatre in the Belgian theatre director Jan Lauwers' trilogy titled in "Happy Face/Sad Face": (2004), (2006) and (2008). I regard that it played a very important junction for him to create his own theatrical style compared to earlier years. From this period, Lauwers has tried to create his original plays in order to concentrate the story of our era and has showed to combine a variety of media such as dance, installation, video, singing etc. In this context, I would like to study his own theatricality from the three perspectives of dramaturgy, directing and acting largely based on Hans-Thies Lehmann's theory of post-epic theatre, who pointed out the significance of Lauwer's theatrical leading role very early. First, from the dramaturgical point of view, we need to pay attention to the theme of translunary death; where the living and the dead coexist on the stage. In fact, death is the theme that Lauwers has been struggling to research for quite long time. In his trilogy, the dead never exits the stage. The dead, who is not a representative tragic character, even meddles the things among or with the living and provide comments to people. As a consequence, it happens to reduce a dramaturgical strong tension, leads depreciation of suspense and produces humanism in a way. This approach helps to create his unique comical theatrical atmosphere even though he deals with the contemporary tragic issues such as war, horror and death. Second, from the directing point of view, it is worth to take a look at the polyphonic strategy in terms to applying various media. Among all the things, the arts of dancing and singing in chorus are actively applied in Lauwer's trilogy. The dance is used in individual and microscopic way, on the other hand, singing shows collective and is a macroscopic quality. The dance is the representing media to show Lauwer's simultaneous microscopic mise-en-scene. While main plot takes place around the center-stage, actors perform a dance around the off-centered stage. Instead of exiting from the stage during the performance, the actors would continue dance -sometimes more like movements- around the off-centered stage. This not only describes the narrative, but also shows how each character is engaged to the main plot or incident, and how they look into it as a character. Its simultaneous microscopic mise-en-scene intends to function such as: showing a variety moments of lives, amplifying some moments or incidents, revealing character's emotion, creating illusionary theatrical atmosphere and so on. Meanwhile, singing simple lyrics and tunes are an example of the media to stimulate the audiences' catharsis. As the simple melody lingers in the audiences' mind, it ends up delivering a theatrical message or theme after the performance. This message would be transferred from the singing in chorus functions as a sort of leitmotive in order to make an impression to the audience. This not only richens their emotion but also creates an illusionary effect. Third, from the acting perspective, I'd like to point out the "detachment" aesthetic which Lehmann has pointed out. The actors never go deep into the drama by consistently doing recognize a theatrical illusion. The audience happens to pay attention to their presence through the actor's deliberate gesture, business, movement, rhythm, language, dance etc. The actors are against forming closed action by speaking in various languages or by revealing deliberately stage directions or acts, and by creating expressive mise-en-scene with multiple media. As a consequent, the stage can be transformed to not a metaphoric but a metonymic place. These actions are the ultimate intention for a direct effect to the audience. So to speak, Lauwers uses the anti-illusionary theatrical method: the scenes of fantastic death, interruption of singing and dance, speaking many kinds of languages, acting in detachment-status and so on. These strategies function to make cracks in spectators' desire who has a desire to construct a linear narrative. I'd like to say that it is the numerous potentiality to let the reality penetrate though and collide the reality with a fiction. By doing so, it induces for spectators to see the reality in the fiction. As Lehmann says, "when theatre presents itself as a sketch and not as a finished painting, the spectators are given the chance to feel their own presence, to reflect on it, and to contribute to the unfinished character themselves". In this sense the spectators can perform an objective criticism on our society and world in Lauwer's theatre because there are a number of gaps and cracks in his theatrical illusion where reality can penetrate. This is also the point that we can find out the artists' responsibility in this era of our being.