• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.49-51
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• 2006

Ternary chalcopyrite $CuInS_2$ thin film material is very promising for photovoltaic. Power generation because of its excellent optical and semiconductor properties, $CuInS_2$ thin films were performed from S/In/Cu/SLG stacked elemental layer (SEL) method with post annealing treatment. $CuInS_2$ thin films were appeared from 0.84 to 1.27 of Cu/In composition ratio and sulfur composition ratios of $CuInS_2$ thin films fabricated. Analysis of the optical energy band gap of $CuInS_2$ value of l.5eV interior and exterior.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 1999

TiO2 thin films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering on glass substrate and subjected into investigation about their hydrophilic properties. Varing Ar/O2 ration and post annealing at 50$0^{\circ}C$ for 12h anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 films were obtained. Hydrophilic properties were evaluated by determination of contact angle of water droplet on TiO2 surface. On as-annealed TiO2 films water droplet spreaded widely with ~0$^{\circ}$contact angle. Sonication(60 Hz, 28kHz 40kHz) and following dark room treatments turned these hydrophilic TiO2 films into hydrophobic state. All of hydrophobic films were converted recersibly into their original state after UV illumination. Hydrophobic states of anatase films were saturated after sonication and remain same during dark room treatment. But it was found that the conversion into hydrophobic state of rutile films progressed. further after sonication. Therefore it was concluded that Ti3+/Ti+4 ratio is the key to determine hydrophilicity of TiO2 surface so that different surface structure of polymorphs could lead to unique characteristics.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and followed by annealing at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ were investigated for gas sensing under 1.5ppm $NO_{2}$ concentration at an operating temperature of $200^{\circ}C$. The electrical resistance of CNT sensor decreased with temperature, indicating a semiconductor type. The resistance of CNT sensor decreased with $NO_{2}$ adsorption. It was found that the sensitivity of sensor was affected by humidity and decreased under microwave irradiation for 3 minutes. The CNT sensor grown by PECVD had a higher sensitivity than that of CVD.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1996

Highly oriented ${BaFe_{12}{O_{19}$ films were obtained by a KrF excimer laser ablation technique using (110)$(012){Al_2}{O_3}$(001)$(012){Al_2}{O_3}$ and $(012){Al_2}{O_3}$ substrates, respectively.The degree of alignment of more than 95% were achieved for (100) on (110)$(012){Al_2}{O_3}$ and (001)$(001){Al_2}{O_3}$ planes, and heteroepitaxial films of (114) on (012)$(012){Al_2}{O_3}$were possible to be grown with a lasing energy density of 6.67 J/$cm^2$ at an oxygen partial pressure ${PO_2}$ of 900 mTorr. The best magnetic properties were obtained from the as-deposited films at the substrate temperature of $700^{\circ}C$, and post annealing treatment was not needed to enhance the magnetic properties. Experimentally saturated magnetization ($4_pi M_S$) of 3600~3800 Gauss and coercivities $(H_c)$ of 3050~3080 Oe, which approach 85% of those of Ba-ferrite bulk composed of single domain particles, were obtained in this study.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2004

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used to make a transparent conducting film for various display devices and opto-electric devices. In this study, ITO films on glass substrate were fabricated by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) assisted dc magnetron sputtering. A two-turn rf coil was inserted in the process chamber between the substrate and magnetron for the generation of ICP. The substrates were not heated intentionally. Subsequent post-annealing treatment for as-deposited ITO films was not performed. Low-temperature deposition technique is required for ITO films to be used with heat sensitive plastic substrates, such as the polycarbonate and acrylic substrates used in LCD devices. The surface roughness of the ITO films is also an important feature in the application of OLEDs along with the use of a low temperature deposition technique. In order to obtain optimum ITO thin film properties at low temperature, the depositions were carried out at different condition in changing of Ar and $O_2$ gas mixtures, ICP power. The electrical, optical and structural properties of the deposited films were characterized by four-point probe, UV/VIS spectrophotometer, atomic force microscopy(AFM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrical resistivity of the films was -l0$^{-4}$ $\Omega$cm and the optical transmittance in the visible range was ＞85%. The surface roughness ( $R_{rms}$) was -20$\AA$.>.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.204-208
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• 2012

$TiO_2$ ($Ti_{1-x}Nb_xO_2$, x= 0.04~0.06) transparent conducting oxide film was fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering process and their electrical, optical, stability properties were studied. When the Nb 4 at% sputtering target was used with RF power 120 W, pressure 8 mTorr, post-annealing temperature $600^{\circ}C$, the resistivity of TNO film was $4{\times}10^{-4}\;{\Omega}-cm$. The optical transmittance in the visible wavelength was ca. 86%. TNO films require heat treatment during or after the deposition process. When the film was deposited at room temperature and post-annealed at $600^{\circ}C$, the lowest resistivity was obtained. When the TNO film was exposed to high temperature and humidity, the resistivity of the film was rather decreased. The stability to temperature and humidity implies that the TNO film could be a appropriate candidate for In-free, ZnO-free transparent conducting oxide materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.478-480
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• 2001

Fe-base amorphous films exhibit large saturation magnetostriction and soft magnetic Properties, which make them suitable for strain sensor applications. Most important material properties for the performance of these elements are the superior soft magnetic properties, such as high permeability and small coercive force, as well as magnetoelastic properties. It is well known that the strain generated in film deposition and/or post-heat treatment processes is one of important material properties, which effects on the soft magnetic properties of the film via magnetoelastic coupling. In this study, the effect of an isotropic strain in plane of magnetic films have been performed experimently. Amorphous films with the composition of (F $e_{90}$ $Co_{10}$)$_{78}$S $i_{l2}$ $B_{10}$ were employed in this study. The film with 5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick was deposed onto the polyimide substrate with 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick by virtue of RF sputtering. The film was subject to post annealing with a static magnetic field with 500Oe magnetic field intensity at 35$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The polyimide substrate with the film was bonded with an adhesive on PZT piezoelectric substrate with 600${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thick in applying voltage of 500V. The change in MH loops of films due to the isotropic strain was measured by using VSM. The coercive force was evaluated from MH loops. It has shown in the results that M-H loops of films are subject to change considerably with a dc voltage, resulting of the magnetization rotation from normal to plane direction as the applied voltage is changed from 500V to 250V.50V.V.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.178-184
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• 2010

The $12CaO{\cdot}7Al_2O_3$(C12A7) powders were successfully synthesized using combustion method with microwave-assistant and C12A7:H were fabricated by post-annealed process in Ar/H atmosphere. X-ray diffraction patterns and TGDSC were used for investigating to the precursors of crystalline and reaction depending on temperature. C12A7:H that was treated post-annealed process were investigated TG-MS and Hall-measurement for confirming H ions doping and checking electrical resistivity of C12A7:H. H ion substituted to $O^{2-}$ ions in the C12A7 cages were confirmed at $289.5^{\circ}C$ by TG-MS and C12A7:H calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ in Ar/H=8:2 atmosphere for 8~10 h has low electrical resistivity about $10^2{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ at room temperature.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2014

The composite membranes were prepared on the surface of hydrophobic porous poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes through the interfacial polymerization. The preparation variables were the concentrations of piperazine (PIP), trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and the contents of polyethylene glyco l (PEG). The separation characterization of the resulting membranes were carried out for aqueous 100 ppm solution of NaCl, $CaSO_4$, and $MgCl_2$ and also mixed 300 ppm solution of NaCl and $CaSO_4$ in terms of the flux and rejection. Both the flux and rejection were the highest when the interfacial polymerization was conducted using TMC. When TMC concentration was 0.1 wt%, the flux and rejection were shown 48.3 LMH ($L/m^2{\cdot}hr$) and 59%, respectively. To improve the flux, the annealing post-treatment and the addition of PEG into piperazine were done. As expected, the overall flux was enhanced while the rejection was reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

We have investigated the effect of annealing on the structural and optical properties of polycrystalline Ga doped ZnO (GZO) films grown on glass substrates by RF-magnetron sputter at room temperature. The structural and optical properties of as-grown GZO films were characterized and then samples were annealed at $400{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ in $N_2$ ambient for 30, 60 minutes, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to measure the grain size and the crystalline quality of the films. We found that the crystalline quality was improved and the grain size tends to be increased. The optical properties of GZO thin films were analyzed by UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometers. It is found that optical properties of thin films are increased by annealing and can be used for transparent electrode application. We believe that the appropriate post-growth heat treatment could be contributed to the improvement of GZO-based devices.