• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2003

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was evaluated for the early detection of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) DNA from virus-infected cell cultures. For the purposes, the Korean ADV NYJ1-87 was propagated in swine kidney (SK) cells and subjected to the amplification of DNA (217 bp) by PCR using sense and antisense primers specific to gp50 gene of the ADV. In detection of cell-associated viral DNA, reliable PCR conditions were determined as 30 cycles of reaction consisting 1 minute each of denaturation at $94^{\circ}C$, annealing at $55^{\circ}C$ and polymerization at $72^{\circ}C$. The PCR encountered best results with reagent mixtures of $50{\mu}l$ containing $200{\mu}M$ dNTPs, $0.2{\mu}M$ each sense and antisense primers, 1 mM $MgCl_2$ and 10% (v/v) template DNA in the final concentrations. ADV-specific DNAs were detected as early as 6, 6, and 9 hours post-infection, respectively, from lysates of the SK cells infected with ADV of $10^3$, $10^2$ and $10^1\;TCID_{50}/ml$ by this condition. In culture supernatant, the DNAs were detected from ADV of as low infectivity as $10^ {-3}\;TCID_{50}/ml$ by the reduced reagent concentrations and 30 cycles of 1 minute each of denaturation at $94^{\circ}C$ and annealing at $55^{\circ}C$, and 2 minutes of polymerization at $72^{\circ}C$. The lowest amount of detectable ADV DNA was 1 fg. In conclusion, the PCR condition established in the present study was recognized as a feasible alternative to time-consuming procedures in isolation and characterization of the virus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an oral drench of propylene glycol (PG) on milk production, serum metabolites and reproductive performance during the transition period of animals. Twenty-four 2-3 multiparous Holstein cows (average body weight 565 kg, body condition score about 3.6, at the $9^{th}$ month of gestation) were selected, blocked, and then randomly assigned into a PG and a control group. The control and the PG group cows were orally drenched with water or 50 ml sugarcane molasses mixed with 500 ml PG from 7 days pre-partum to 30 days post-partum, respectively. Experimental results indicated that the oral drench PG had no effect on dry matter intake (DMI). The milk yield of the PG group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05), whereas milk fat content, milk protein and somatic cell counts (SCC) were not significantly different between groups. Concentration of plasma glucose in the PG group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). Conversely, the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the PG group were lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Concentrations of insulin and ketone bodies were not significantly difference between groups. Body condition score (BCS) in the PG group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). In reproductive performance there was no difference between groups. The experimental results indicate that supplementation of PG during the transition period of dairy cows can supply energy rapidly, resulting in reduced catabolism of body tissue and increased milk yield.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.818-827
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• 2016

This study hypothesized that dietary feed additive containing probiotics alter either immune-related serum substances or serum metabolites in Hanwoo heifers. A probiotic treatment was given at 0.5% top-dressing of concentrate diet for 6 months. The change of immunological indicators in the blood was analyzed under LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) challenge. One day before administration of LPS, all heifers were fitted with an indwelling jugular vein catheter for serial blood collections. Both a serum tube and an EDTA-coated tube were collected at 30-min intervals from - 2 to 8 hours relative to the LPS challenge at time 0 ($1{\mu}g/kg$ of BW). Serum was used for analyzing albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), phosphorus (IP), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Plasma was used for analyzing white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT) and inflammation-related factors (NE, LY, MO, EO, BA, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, MPV). There were significant differences in ALB, GLU, TG, IP, and NEFA concentration with the passage of hours post challenge (p < 0.05). The level of ALB, GLU, TG, and IP showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between treatments. However, none of the data showed interaction between time and treatments (p > 0.05). The level of WBC, EO, LY, and MO were reduced after LPS challenge (p > 0.05). In conclusion, LPS challenge after dietary supplementation of probiotics changed the levels of both serum metabolites and inflammation-related factors. The increase of GLU and TG indicated a probiotics-positive response under LPS challenge (p < 0.05).

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2009

Purpose：The purpose of this study was analyze the effect combination exercise program on plasma total antioxidant capacity and free oxygen radical according to exercise frequency of elderly. Age range of subject is 65~70 years. Methods：Subjects divided into three groups: control group(0-time), week-3 times group(3-times), week-5 times group(5-times). Each group were performed combination exercise during 8 weeks. Results：The results of each group by ANOVA free oxygen radical have a change(p<.05). We performed comparison of total antioxidant capacity and free oxygen radical pre-test and post-test on each groups. Total antioxidant capacity was increased in the 3-times and 5-times groups but there have not significant. Total antioxidant capacity is improve better than to 5-times. Free oxygen radical is significant increased in the 0-time (p<.05). But 5-times but 3-times is no significant decrease. Free oxygen radical is improve better than to 3-times. Conclusion：In the old people, exercise frequency week 3 times doing appeared effectively in improvement of the free oxygen radical and 5 times doing appeared effectively in improvement of the total antioxidant capacity. So rightly must apply a exercise frequency well in characteristic of old person each person.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2002

In order to investigate a pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn, thermal injury was induced by scald burn on entirely dorsal surface in rats (total body surface area 30%) except for inhalated injury. At 5 and 24 h after scald burn, biochemical assay in skin tissue, serum and liver tissue were examined. The effects of burn injury on the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxide and on the activities of oxygen of histologic and ultrasound changes, measuring. the protein concentration in plasma, and counting the number of intravascular polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Post burn 24 h, the content of glutathione was decreased (47.50%), whereas that of lipid peroxide was increased (37.01%), and the activity of superoxide dismutase was diminished (p<0.001). Thus decreasing the capacity of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes led to oxidative injury in skin tissue. In liver tissue, at 24 h after scald burn, both the content of glutathione and the activity of catalase were markedly decreased (p<0.01, p<0.05), thus the imbalance between free radical generating and scavenging capacities has been induced.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.299-314
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• 1977

Clinical experience on 16 cases of open heart surgery under the extracorporeal circulation with mild or moderate hypothermia and partial hemodilution technique at the National Medical Center during the period from June 1976 to October 1977. Nine of sixteen were congenital heart disease and seven were acquired heart disease. The age of the patient ranged between 6 and 48 years. The body weight varied from 18.5kg to 60kg and body surface area 0. 79-1.70m2. The average priming volume of pump oxygenator was 2080 ml, which was consisted fresh ACD blood, buffered Hartmann`s solution, Mannitol, 50% dextrose in water and Vit. C. The average hemodilution rate was 27%. The average flow 2.3 L/min/m2 or 80 ml/min and the duration of perfusion varied from 31 min to 270 min with average of 107 min. The perfusion was carried out under the mild or moderate hypothermia using core cooling alone in 10 cases, core cooling and local myocardial cooling with $0-4^{\circ}C$ physiologic saline in 2 cases. From a hemodynamic point of view, the blood pressure dropped down around 80 mmHg after the initiation of perfusion follwed by increase to safety level and stable during the perfusion. The central venous pressure remained within normal limits. In most cases, hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased during and after the perfusion. Hemogiobin level was decreased, average of 20.6 %, hematocrit 18.6%, pletelets 55% postoperatively. Plasma hemoglobin increased moderately, from preperfusion average valve of 7.79 mg % to post-perfusion value of 54.7 mg %. Electrolytes changes during cardiopulmonary bypass showed definite hypokalemia but changes of Na, Ca were not definite. Arterial blood gas analysis during cardiopulmonary bypass suggested that the metabolic acidosis which was accompanied by respiratory alkalosis which was corrected postoperatively. As the opera tive complication, transient hemoglobinuria in 4 cases and neurological signs in 2 cases were all cured. There were 2 death cases and operative mortality rate was 12.5%.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.253-256
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics within ages and freezing tolerance of spermatozoa in Jindo Dog. Experimental animals were selected 12 herds within 1~8 year's old and collected semen for 2 times in a week. Collected semen was evaluated whole volume and sperm number with CASA system (SIAS, Medical Supply, Korea). Then seminal plasma were separated and diluted with modified Tris-egg yolk extender and added 4, 6 and 8% glycerol for 4 times to final concentration and equilibrated for 1.5 hrs. Before and after freezing, equilibrated semen were evaluated the survival rates. Total volume of sperm at 1~2 year old group is as $5.2{\times}10^8\;cells/ml$ largest and there were no significance among groups. The motility of 1~2 year old group is highest as 90.9% and there were significance among groups. Abnormal sperm showed similar among groups. The survival rate in terms of pre-freezing and post-freezing were decreased all levels of glycerol and reveled 87.0% to 64.5% in 4%, 87.5% to 51.9% in 6% and 73.4% to 29.7% in 8%, there were significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that the optimal sperm-freezing methods in Jindo Dog are utilized with modified Tris egg-yolk extender with 4% glycerol and were improve the reproductive activity by these methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1462-1468
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• 2010

The effects of vitamin C and vitamin E with selenium on acid-base balance and some stress hormones were evaluated during heat stress in goats. Goats, 1.5 years of age, were divided into control, heat stress and antioxidant treatment groups 1, 2 and 3. Except for the control, all groups were exposed to a temperature of $40{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ with a relative humidity of 30% for 5 h/d for 21 days in a psychrometric chamber. Rectal temperature and respiratory rates were recorded daily post exposure. Blood samples were collected on every 3rd day for estimation of plasma vitamins C and E, total antioxidant activity and hormones, and separate blood samples were taken to estimate acid-base status. The rectal temperature and respiratory rates were increased (p<0.05) in the heat stress group only. Except for pH and $pO_2$, which were increased significantly (p<0.05) other parameters of acid-base balance such as $pCO_2$, $HCO_3^-$, $TCO_2$, BEb, BEcef, PCV and Hb were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the heat stress group. An improvement in acid-base status was noted in the antioxidant supplemented groups. Prolactin and cortisol levels were significantly (p<0.05) higher and free T3 and T4 levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the heat stress group. Levels of prolactin and cortisol were decreased and free T3 and T4 were increased in antioxidant treatment groups. Different levels of antioxidant supplementation resulted in similar protection against heat stress.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1999

In this research we proceeded experiments to find the basis which make it possible to explain the physical and pathological process of Sasang constitutional medicine, in the way substituting hematopoietic-immune system(essence of life, blood, Ki and mental faculties : 精血氣神) Under these suppositions, the essence of life(精) is the multipotent stem cell which has the possibility to be specialized to any cell, the Ki(氣), blood(血) and mental faculties(神) are inferred that they are formed from specialized the essence of life(精), the blood(血) is the red blood cells and etc. that appears as the result of the genesis of circulation system. The Ki(氣) is from specialized basic immunity, the mental faculties(神) means long-term memories or combined immunity. Cytokines can act as specilaizing, growing factors and particiate in extremly combined procedure being controlled by both positive and negative specializing signals. Blood gathering was carried out in the morning and on empty stomach. The plasma was seperated and Erythropoietin, Stem cell factor, Granulocyte-colony stimulaing factor, Tumor necrosis factor, interlukin-3, Interleukin-6 were measured with ELISA kit. According to the result of post analysis by Duncan, each constitution is different in SCF(stem cell factor), IL-6(interleukin-6), EPO(erythropoietin). The value of Stem cell factor is high in order of Soumin(少陰人), Soyangin(少陽人), and Taeumin(太陰人), The value of interleukin-6 is high in Taeumin, Soumin, and Soyangin. Erythropoietin is high in order of Soumin, Soyangin, and Taeumin.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2005

To assess the effect of pinitol supplementation and strength training for two weeks on the anaerobic capacity during and after exercise, and improvement of glucose metabolism during the recovery period of muscular fatigue with repeated acute bouts of cycling exercise, a total of 24 healthy young men were recruited and randomly and equally divided into three groups; pinitol supplementation group (PSG), placebo group (PLG), and control group (CON). Using a randomized double-blinded design, subjects in PSG were provided pinitol supplement, consumed orally 1.2 g/day, and participated in the resistance exercise program and cycling exercise for two weeks. Subjects in PLG underwent the same protocol as those in PSG but consumed the same amount of placebo. No supplementation and exercise program was given to CON. Before and after the intervention, all subjects were tested for their anaerobic capacities evaluated by Wingate test twice separated by 30 min. During the test, peak anaerobic power (PP), mean anaerobic power, total work, and fatigue index were evaluated During resting and recovery, blood samples were drawn and plasma pinitol, myo-inositol, chiro-inositol, insulin, free fatty acid, glucose, and lactate levels were analyzed After two weeks, PP and relative PP of the second biking were improved from the first biking in PSG only (p<0.05). No changes were found in all other variables of Wingate test in all groups. No statistical differences between groups and pre- and post-intervention were observed in concentrations of pinitol, myo-inositol, and chiro-inositol, but pinitol concentration was higher during recovery compared to the baseline in all groups and testings (p<0.05). Lactate level during recovery was higher than the resting level, but no other blood parameters were significantly changed. In conclusion, two weeks of pinitol supplementation in conjunction with short duration of anaerobic training in healthy young men did not induce any obvious benefits in terms of anaerobic capacity and energy metabolism Individual and/or population susceptibility may be one factor responsible for adopting pinitol supplementation.