• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.255-259
• /
• 2024

In this study, an aqueous-based redox flow battery (RFB) was constructed using tungstosilic acid (TSA), which is a kind of polyoxometalate, as the negative electrode active material and iron chloride (FeCl3) as the positive electrode active material in a sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) supporting electrolyte. As a result of the cell's performance, it exhibited capacity fading and low energy efficiency. To address these issues, malic acid (MA), an organic additive, was introduced to the positive electrode active material and then tested for electrochemical properties and single cell performance. The malic acid in the iron chloride aqueous solution is working as a chelate agent, and two carboxyl groups are effectively coordinated with iron ions. It was found that MA reduced the electrolyte resistance of the positive electrode active material, leading to chemical stabilization and an increase in capacity and energy efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.4930-4941
• /
• 2014

This study had three purposes. First, the effects of job-related affective states on emotional labor (deep acting and surface acting) of employees engaging in service job were examined. Second, previous studies focused on the negative effects of emotional labor on job attitudes. On the other hand, this study dealt with not only the negative effects of emotional labor but also its positive effects. In particular, this study examined the effects of emotional labor on positive job attitudes, such as job commitment and job involvement, as well as negative job attitudes, such as exhaustion and cynicism. Finally, this study examined the mediation effect of emotional labor on the relationship between the job-related affective state and job attitudes. The data was collected from 150 employees working in 15 service firms in Korea. The results were as follows. First, the positive job-related affective state increased the deep-acting. On the other hand, negative job-related affective state increased surface-acting. Second, the main effect of deep-acting on positive job attitudes (dedication and vigor) was significant. In addition, the main effects of surface-acting on the negative job attitudes (exhaustion and cynicism) was significant. Finally, the mediating effect of deep-acting on the relationship between positive job-related affective state and positive job attitudes was significant. In addition, surface-acting mediated the relationship between negative job-related affective state and negative job attitudes. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are provided in the discussion session.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.231-250
• /
• 2015

This study is about the effect of interaction and flow of consumers within the company SNS on the consumers' affection. Verification took place through empirical analysis based on the theoretical background. The following is the summary of the research results generated based on the research results. First, correlation between aspect of the motivation for the use of contents and interactivity is as follows. Mutual sense of solidarity (Hypothesis 1-1), influence (Hypothesis 1-2), connectivity (Hypothesis 1-3) and reactivity (Hypothesis 1-4) exerted positive(+) on the interaction. Second, correlation between aspect of the motivation for the use of contents and flow is as follows. Mutual sense of solidarity (Hypothesis 2-1), influence (Hypothesis 2-2) and connectivity (Hypothesis 2-3) exerted positive(+) effect on immersion. Meanwhile, reactivity (Hypothesis 1-4) was not statistically significant when it comes to flow. Third, interaction between contents characteristics and interaction exerted positive(+) positive on the interactivity of entertainingness (Hypothesis 3-1) and informativity (Hypothesis 3-2). Fourth, correlation between contents characteristics and flow was examined, which demonstrated that only informativity (Hypothesis 4-2) exerted positive(+) effect on the immersion. Meanwhile, entertainingness was not statistically significant when it comes to the immersion. Lastly, correlation between interaction, flow and affection is as follows. Correlation between interactivity and flow(Hypothesis 5) was not statistically significant while interactivity(Hypothesis 6) and Flow(Hypothesis 7) exerted positive(+) effect on the affection. This study presents diverse implications and significances to the working level people who use the company SNS based on these results.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.70-92
• /
• 2003

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting organizational citizenship behavior of hospital employees, and based on the investigation, to suggest some implications for effective human resources management of hospitals. For this purpose, physical therapists were selected as the subject of the research. Using their individual characteristics, job characteristics, professionalism and group cohesiveness as the variables affecting organizational citizenship behavior, an empirical model was constructed and tested. A survey was conducted through structured and self-administered questionnaire for the physical therapists working at hospitals of Busan-Kyongnam area, and data from 240 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Major results of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, perception on professionalism and the degree of organizational citizenship behavior were higher for male, older, relatively more-educated and higher-grade employees. It is necessary to develope some measures to educate and motivate the employees who are in lower state of professionalism and organizational citizenship behavior. Second, among the individual characteristics, need for growth was found to have significant, positive influence on professionalism and group cohesiveness, but no direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, extroversion had direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, as well as on professionalism and group cohesiveness. This result suggests that personnel selection and personality education should be conducted carefully. Third, job characteristics appeared to have very large, positive effect on professionalism, but not directly on organizational citizenship behavior. Fourth, professionalism was found to have very large, positive influence on group cohesiveness and direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This implies that enhancing professionalism of physical therapists can strengthen organizational citizenship behavior in hospitals, and hence top management should actively support the programs for job re-design, skill education and quality improvement to enhance professionalism of their employees. Fifth and last, as an intervening factor, group cohesiveness appeared to have the largest, direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. It is, therefore, important for top management to improve group cohesiveness by exploring ways toward greater harmony and solidarity among the members of physical therapy department.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 2003

Production of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides usually referred to as bacteriocins is an inducible trait in several gram positive bacteria, particularly in those belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria. In many of these organisms, production of bacteriocins is inducible and induction requires secretion and extracellular accumulation of peptides that act as chemical messengers and trigger bacteriocin production. These inducer peptides are often referred to as autoinducers and are believed to permit a quorum sensing-based regulation of bacteriocin production. Notably, the peptides acting as autoinducers are dedicated peptides with or without antimicrobial activity or the bacteriocins themselves. The autoinducer-dependent induction of bacteriocin production requires histidine protein kinases and response regulator proteins of two-component signal transduction systems. The current working model for the regulation of class II bacteriocin production in lactic acid bacteria and the most relevant direct and indirect pieces of evidence supporting the model are discussed in this minireview.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.307-316
• /
• 2004

Wireless local area networks have known an increasing popularity during the past few years. However, as new user applications diverge from the traditional data-centric model, the introduction of efficient, QoS aware medium access methods becomes of utmost importance. EY-NPMA is a medium access protocol belonging to the contention paradigm that provides support for service differentiation and low collision rates. In this paper, we address a shortcoming of EY-NPMA as indicated by previous studies, namely the insensitivity of the protocol to different working conditions. In this work, we study and evaluate a mechanism that allows a network employing EY-NPMA to adapt its operating parameters according to the offered load. Simulation studies further document and confirm the positive characteristics of the proposed mechanism.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.43-59
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine university students' consumption-orientation and attitude toward conspicuous consumption as well as to identify the factors that are most influential on consumption-orientation and conspicuous consumption behavior. The major findings of this study are summarized below. First, the average scores of consumption-orientation and conspicuous consumption were 2.71 and 3.15 respectively, on a 5 point scale. Second, the most influential factor on university students' consumption-orientation was friends' influence. Third, the most influential factor on conspicuous consumption was students' perceived social status. Fourth, conspicuous consumption tendency and consumption-orientation were significantly higher for those students with larger amount of allowances, female students, or the students who are working. Fifth, the university students' consumption-orientation and conspicuous consumption tendency were significantly higher for the students whose parents' child-rearing style is inconsistent or excessive investment. Finally, the consumption orientation has a significant positive relationship with conspicuous consumption.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.83-105
• /
• 2007

The present study investigated counseling services and work conditions perceived by counselors in Healthy Family Support Centers. Questionnaire survey by mail was used to collect data from 32 counselors in Healthy Family Support Centers. Major findings of this study were as follows. First, many counselors in Healthy Family Support Centers perceived work load of counseling services heavily though they thought counseling work attractive and they would keep on working. Second, many counselors had a positive view of work conditions as a workplace but not a few of them complained about physical work conditions including poor facilities like lack of counseling room space in Centers. In addition to this, many suggestions were proposed to improve the counseling services and work conditions perceived by counselors in Healthy Family Support Centers.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore mothers' adjustments in raising children with Down syndrome and to develop a grounded theory about their adjustments. Method: Three mothers from each group of children in the ages below 7 years, 8-13 years, 14-19 years, and over 20 years participated in the study. Data were collected through an in-depth interview from twelve participants having a child with Down syndrome. Then it was analyzed simultaneously using the grounded theory method. Results: 'Adjustment of mother's expectation according to child's status' was emerged as a core category. The adjustment process was categorized into five stages: shocking, embracing, doing one's best with passion, lowering anticipation, and accepting another living. Conclusion: Being the mother of a child with Down syndrome is not considered to be a negative experience. There are positive experiences along with some more negative ones. Nurses working with families that include children with Down syndrome need to be aware of the obstacles the families will face and should advise necessary support.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.412-420
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between empowerment and performance of infection control by emergency department nurses. Method: Participants were 190 nurses working in emergency departments in 14 hospitals located in Busan. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS PC+ WIN 12.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: There were significant differences in empowerment by years in ED (emergency departments) and position. There was a significant differences in performance of infection control by position. There were significant differences in empowerment by infection control-related characteristics and by regular conference for infection control. There was a significant and positive relationship between empowerment and performance of infection control in ED nurses. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that improvement in the level of ED nurse's empowerment would lead to an increase in the performances of infection control.