• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-70
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• 2011

The 40-hour work week system has brought positive impact on shortening working hours, eliminating long-time work, increasing leisure-time with family, etc. And this has brought about an increase in leisure-life satisfaction and happiness level. The type of leisure activities has changed from passive activities such as rest to active activities such as sports, tourism. And the 40-hour work week system has positive impact on social activities such as participation in volunteer work and, club activities. Thus all efforts need to be made to establish 40-hour work week system as soon as possible in all workplace. Firstly, 40-hour work week system needs to be introduced to every workplace with less than 5 persons, enlarge 5-day school week system into every primary and secondary school, and create conditions for positive leisure activities. Secondly, labor standards supervision and administration needs to be strengthened to eliminate long-time work over 52 hours per week, below-minimum wage work.

• Korean small business review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.75-96
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• 2019

This study used age, education, major, working period as CEO's characteristics and examine relationship between these characteristics and R&D Investment. Furthermore this study examined how CEO should react in terms of R&D investment, which is effected by CEO's characteristic in the market. The empirical results are following. (1) When CEO's age are young, they spend much money for R&D investment. And R&D investment which is determined by young CEO has a positive effect on relation of firm value. (2) A higher educational background has a positive effect on R&D investment and will create higher firm value. (3) When CEO's major is competitive in the same industry, it has a positive relationship with R&D investment and its firm value is bigger than though. (4) When CEO working period is long, they showed active to R&D investment. On the other hand, the firm value decreased. This study focused on analyzing the relationship between characteristics of CEO and R&D Investment, furthermore, how R&D investment which effected by CEO's characteristic is contributing in creating the firm value. This results indicate that CEO's characteristics reflect R&D investment and value of venture business. Therefore, CEO's characteristics should be considered financial information and firm value in the market.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.179-189
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• 2022

In the face of revolutionary changes in industry, the relationship between labor and income needs to be reconceptualized in the period of social revolution. The absolute decrease in labor due to the absence of labor is caused by automation, smartization, AI, robot labor, etc., which we must accept whether we want to or not. However, while gross social product and capital of the state or society increase, individual income is likely to decrease. During this transformation period, the state or politics must prepare for the problems caused by the decline in individual income. Until now, there have been various levels of discussion on social welfare or social security from the perspective of welfare or assistance. Attempts or studies at the experimental level have been conducted at the level of many countries or local governments and have found positive and negative effects. There is no basic income system that is widely implemented at the national level, and various discussions are taking place from a future-oriented perspective. Therefore, I propose to look at it from a new perspective based on the perspective so far. We explored that it is part of a positive approach to examine the importance and necessity of basic income in terms of working hours, quality of labor, income, quality of life, value of spare time, and work-life balance. The goal is to actively accept the absolute lack of working hours, replacement of mechanical labor, and polarization due to changes in the industry paradigm, and to look at the problems that come from a positive perspective. If we are going to accept it anyway, we should not look at these issues as short-sighted, but prepare them preemptively and establish a primitive plan from a long-term and overall perspective. Smartphones have changed the world over the past decade and have been lost, but wouldn't there be a lot of new discoveries? Shouldn't we think of it as a great opportunity to improve the quality of life through technological changes?

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.57-74
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the influence of SME members' motivation and creative working environment on innovative behavior and to see differences according to individual absorptive capacity. As a research method for this, 350 copies were collected by requesting a specialized research company for employees who have worked at SMEs for more than a year, and research models and hypotheses were verified with SPSS 28 and Smart PLS 3. As a result of the study, approach motivation and creative work environment had a positive effect on individual innovation behavior, which showed significant differences according to individual absorptive capacity. The implications of this study are summarized as follows. First, for innovative organizational management in SMEs where human resources are more important than physical resources, SMEs need to provide a creative working environment and motivate members to derive positive innovative behavior. Second, innovation behavior differs depending on personal absorptive capacity, and innovation behavior becomes the subject of corporate growth, indicating that various interests and support are needed to increase personal absorptive capacity along with positive motivation for members.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2002

The Pattern of Young Child-Mother Attachment and the Self-Concept in Young Children. This work sheds light on the patterns of chi1dren's attachment to their mother and the self-concept of young children. Ninety-two participants were selected from kindergarten and nurseries in the city of Taegu. All the children were from 3 to 5 clears old. The measurement instruments were the attachment story completion task, created by Cassidy, and the self-concept test, designed and used by Bently and Yeatts. The data was analyzed by using frequencies, percentages, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and the Scheffe test. The study's major findings are as follows: First, in the area of young child-mother attachments, the most common pattern was a secure attachment. The percentage of insecure-avoidant attachment was similar to that of the insecure-ambivalent attachment. Second, in terms of gender, there were no significant differences in self-concept among young children. Third, the self-concept held by young children varied significantly according to age. The younger the age, the more positive was the self-concept. Finally, the self-concept of children varied greatly according to the pattern of child-mother attachment. Those children who were more securely attacked to their mothers evidenced a more positive self-concept than those children who were insecurely attached to their mother.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.501-508
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was designed to find out the fact that the followership types of nurses would effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and nursing task performance. Methods: The sample consisted of 219 nurses working in 2 medical institutions. SPSS program was used for descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square test, Duncan test, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Regression. Results: In the followership type, effective follower was the largest as 47.0% and passive follower was 26.9%. Nurses who had a effective followership style had the highest level of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and those who had a passive followership style had the lowest level of organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and nursing performance. The followership was significantly related to the organizational commitment, job satisfaction and nursing task performance. The active involvement had a positive effect on the organizational commitment, job satisfaction and nursing task performance. The critical thinking had a positive effect on the job satisfaction. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the most effective followership is effective follower. And organizational managers must take into account followership types when they develop the strategies for organizational effectiveness.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.70-84
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• 2019

Purposes: Despite a lot of prior studies on psychological empowerment on positive outcomes, the objectives of this paper were to examine the role of psychological empowerment on informal learning and the mediation role of informal learning between psychological empowerment and outcome variables focused upon physical therapists working in hospital industry. Methodology: Using survey methods, the data were collected from 198 physical therapists who have worked in Ulsan city and attended in annual meeting. Findings: Results showed that psychological empowerment predicted informal learning positively but differences in mediational mechanism. Specifically, the path between psychological empowerment and proactive behavior partially mediated but no mediating effect between psychological empowerment and helping behavior. This study identified the main role of psychological empowerment on informal learning, and it expands on positive functions of the concept to learning area in organizations. The other results help advanced understanding of differential mechanism through informal learning in the process between psychological empowerment and both outcomes. Practical Implications: The current study contributes to expend the area of prior findings on psychological empowerment to learning activities implemented by individual volunteer effort. For hospitals operating the teams of physical therapy, the significance for considering psychological empowerment is highlighted as for individual growth related to job and for change behavior in the individual level.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.402-410
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• 2016

Purpose: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical to protect healthcare workers from pandemic outbreaks. This study was designed to identify nurses' knowledge, attitude and perceptions on PPE. Methods: Data were collected from 154 nurses working at a tertiary general hospital, where positively diagnosed and suspected patients were accepted and admitted during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus outbreak in 2015. The PPE tool consists of 20 items for knowledge, and 5 each for attitudes and perceptions. Results: Overall, knowledge for PPE was higher than moderate (76.95/100), but there was a lack for items related to powered air purifying respirator (PAPR). For attitudes, willingness to work in pandemic outbreaks was the most positive (4.04/5.00). Goggles and PAPR were perceived as the most uncomfortable barriers to work. There was no correlation between knowledge, attitude and perceptions, despite a strong positive correlation between attitude and perceptions. PPE training was identified as a factor to improve knowledge and attitudes on PPE. Conclusion: To respond to pandemic influenza, nurses need to expand their knowledge on PPE up to Level C, and be updated through regular training. Study findings suggest that repetitive studies targeting nurses and other healthcare workers at various hospital settings are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.3 s.217
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• pp.153-161
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the farming product function of rural women and to determine the effect of human capital. The data was based on 300 husbands and wives from 150 farms with crops of high female input time rate such as house-cucumbers, house-strawberries, roses, agaric mushrooms and apples in 2003. According to the results, the rural women were mainly engaged in harvesting, selecting, sorting and packing among about 23 working steps in the Korean farm. These works require a long time for the highly-skilled and have a very important and sensitive effect on quality, quantity, price of products and the farm's income. The cultivated experience and the major cultivation step effect had a positive relationship to farm's income for women. The machine effect was estimated significantly at 0.3976, which indicated that the high-skilled farmers have a positive correlation to farm's income. The rural women's labor value has been evaluated relatively lowly compared with men performing the same work. As an example, women are paid an average of 62.3% of the men's wage in harvesting and packing in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.507-517
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• 2016

Purpose: The local public hospitals in Korea are regarded as institutions that must consider the provision of good quality public health services, as well as profitability. Therefore it is important to improve nursing services to produce positive change in local public hospitals. This study was done to examine the relationships between self efficacy, organizational commitment, customer orientation and nursing performance for nurses in local public hospitals. Methods: For this study, 5 of 34 institutions were selected through random sampling: and 134 nurses working in local public hospitals were selected. Data were collected from March 28 to April 8, 2016 using self-report questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: The major findings are summarized as follows: (1) There were significant positive correlations between self efficacy, organizational commitment, customer orientation, and nursing performance. (2) The factors affecting nursing performance were self efficacy, organizational commitment, and customer orientation, in that order, and these variables explained 57% of nursing performance. Conclusion: Administrators in local public hospitals should use the results of this study to develop a strategy for improving nursing performance.