• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.3.1-3.10
• /
• 2018

Background: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most common causes of seafood-borne illnesses in Korea, either directly or indirectly, by consuming infected seafood. Many studies have demonstrated the antibiotic susceptibility profile of V. parahaemolyticus. This strain has developed multiple antibiotic resistance, which has raised serious public health and economic concerns. This article reviews the food-borne outbreaks, distributions, virulence, and antibiotic resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus in Korea during 2003-2016. Main body: V. parahaemolyticus infections appeared to be seasonally dependent, because 69.7% of patient infections occurred in both August and September during 2003-2016. In addition, the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in marine environments varies seasonally but is particularly high in July, August, and September. V. parahaemolyticus isolated from aquaculture sources on the Korean coast varied in association with virulence genes, some did not possess either the tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) or trh (tdh-related hemolysin) genes, and a few were positive for only the trh gene or both genes. The high percentage of ampicillin resistance against V. parahaemolyticus in the aquatic environment suggests that ampicillin cannot be used to effectively treat infections caused by this organism. Short conclusion: This study shows that the observed high percentage of multiple antibiotic resistance to V. parahaemolyticus is due to conventionally used antibiotics. Therefore, monitoring the antimicrobial resistance patterns at a national level and other solutions are needed to control aquaculture infections, ensure seafood safety, and avoid threats to public health caused by massive misuse of antibiotics.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.98-107
• /
• 2017

In these days, the increase of applications that highly use network resources has revealed the limitations of the current research phase from the traffic classification for network management. Various researches have been conducted to solutions for such limitations. The representative study is automatic finding of the common pattern of traffic. However, since the study of automatic signature generation is a semi-automatic system, users should collect the traffic. Therefore, these limitations cause problems in the traffic collection step leading to untrusted accuracy of the signature verification process because it does not contain any of the generated signature. In this paper, we propose an automated traffic collection, signature management, signature generation and signature verification process to overcome the limitations of the automatic signature update system. By applying the proposed method in the campus network, actual traffic signatures maintained the completeness with no false-positive.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.11.1-11.7
• /
• 2016

The aimed of the presence study was to determine the antiulcer potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO), either extracted by wet process (VCO_A) or fermentation process (VCO_B), and to compare their effectiveness against the copra oil (CO) using the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Earlier, the oils underwent chemical analysis to determine the free fatty acids composition, physicochemical properties and anti-oxidant capability. In the antiulcer study, rats (n=6) were pre-treated orally for 7 consecutive days with distilled water (vehicle), 100 mg/kg ranitidine (positive group) or the respective oils (10, 50, and 100% concentration). One hour after the last test solutions administration on Day 7^th, the animals were subjected to the gastric ulcer assay. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were performed on the collected rat's stomachs. From the results obtained, the chemical analysis revealed i) the presence of high content of lauric acid followed by myristic acid and palmitic acid in all oils and; ii) the significant (^*p< 0.05) different in anisidine- and peroxide-value, percentage of free fatty acid, total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity among the oils. The animal study demonstrated that all oil possess significant (^*p< 0.05) antiulcer activity with VCO_B being the most effective oil followed by VCO_A and CO. The macroscopic observations were supported by the microscopic findings. Interestingly, all oils were more effective than 100 mg/kg ranitidine (reference drug). In conclusion, coconut oils exert remarkable antiulcer activity depending on their methods of extraction, possibly via the modulation of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2004

Transition metal ions doped $TiO_2$ nanostructured powders were prepared with simply heating aqueous $TiOCl_2$ solutions, contained various metal ions (Ni, Al, Fe, Zr, and Nb) of 1.47 mol% added as metal-chlorides, at $100^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs by homogeneous precipitation process under suppressing conditions of water vaporization. The characterizations for prepared $TiO_2$ powders were carried out to observe doping of metal ions, their concentrations and microstructures using XRD, UV-VIS (DRS), XPS, SEM, TEM and ICP. Also, photo-oxidative abilities were evaluated by decomposition of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) under ultraviolet light irradiations. No secondary oxide phases were formed in all the $VTiO_2$ powders, showing doping with various transition metal ions. When adding ions ($Ni^{2+}$ or$ Al^{3+ }$ and $Zr^{4+}$ ) having valance states or ionic radii greatly different from those of $Ti^{4+}$ , the $TiO_2$ powders of mixed anatase and rutile phases were formed, whereas in the case of additions of $^Fe{3+ }$ and $Nb^{ 5+}$ as well as no addition of metal ion the powders with pure rutile phase alone were formed. Among the prepared $TiO_2$ powders, Ni$^{2+}$ doped $TiO_2$ powders, containing a small amount of anatase phase, showed excellent photo-oxidative ability in 4CP decomposition because of relative decreases in electron-hole recombination and poisoning of $TiO_2$ surface during the photoreaction.n.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.186-195
• /
• 2000

To study phosphate adsorption on kaolinite, $^{31}$ P MAS NMR(magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)has been used for kaolinite reacted in 0.1 M phosphate solutions at pH’s from 3 to 11. There are at least 3 different forms of phosphate on kaolinite. One is the phosphate physically adsorbed on kaolinite surface (outer-sphere complexes) or species left after vacuum-filtering. The second is the phosphate adsorbed by ligand exchange (inner-sphere complexes), and the third is Al-phosphate precipitates which are pH dependent. Most of the inner-spherer complexes and surface precipitates are mainly on hydroxided Al(aluminol) rather than hydroxided Si(silanol). These are pertinent with the results obtained from the phosphate adsorption experiments on silica gel and ${\gamma}$-Al$_2$O$_3$ as model compounds, respectively. The two peaks with more negative chemical shifts(more shielded) than the ortho-phosphate peak (positive chemical shift) are assigned to be the inner-sphere complexes and surface precipitates. The $^{31}$ P chemical shifts of the Al-phosphate precipitates are more negative than those of inner-sphere complexes at a given pH due to the larger number of P-O-Al linkages per tetrahedron. The chemical shifts of both the inner-sphere complexes and surface precipitates are more negative than those of inner-sphere complexes at a given pH due to the larger number of P-O-Al linkages per tetrahedron. The chemical shifts of both the inner-sphere complexes and surface precipitates become progressively less shielded with increasing pH. For the inner-sphere complexes, decreasing phosphate protonation combined with peak averaging by rapid proton exchange among phosphate tetrahedra with different numbers of protons is though to be the reason for the peak change. The decreasing shielding with increasing pH for surface precipitates is probably due to the decreasing average number of P-O-Al linkages per tetrahedron combined with decreasing protonation like inner-sphere complexes.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.49-63
• /
• 2016

Environmental degradation and economic bipolarization have become major issues as the aftermath of the globalizing capitalism. Commons have received attention as an alternative to capitalistic use of resources. The most representative is the neo-institutionalist approach where Elinor Ostrom's study summarizes fundamental principles of common resource management. Maria Mies also insists that co-relationship in a community is the most essential to manage common resource successful. In a similar vein, this study attempts to prove that common resource management can create solutions to socioeconomic problems and ways to prevent resource scarcities in the future. Jeju-Haenyeo community is chosen as a successful case to be examined based on the fundamental principles of commons and community. Qualitative surveys have preceded for Jeju-Haenyeo to elaborate and extend the aspects of common resource use and management. This study can bring a positive influence on understanding the Jeju-Haenyeo community and other common resources management institutions.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.10 no.7
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2019

Purpose - Unlike in the past, individualistic thought is more dominant than groupism where members prioritize organizations. Such changes run counter to the direction of the survival of the companies, which calls for companies to explore strategies to address thems. As one of the solutions, many people highlights social capital. However, since most studies have been conducted on the definition and characteristics of social capital, there is not enough prior factor research on the formation of social capital. So the current situation require researches on the formation of social capital. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve the purpose, the literature and the empirical studies were combined. Deriving workplace democracy and servant leadership as factors affecting the formation of social capital through the literature, and this factors have modeled assumptions about the impact on social capital, and have established hypotheses to verify them. The survey which is conducted to verify the hypothesis and questionnaires are derived base on the variables used in the previous studies. The survey was conducted 447 respondents in Korea. Results - As a result, we found that the workplace democracy is positively functioning with the formation of social capital. It means that the democracy functions as a universal element to enhance the quality of social capital at the workplace. The evidence also shows that the positive impacts of the servant leadership on the formation of social capital. And the survey shows that groups with high level servant leadership had a higher impact on the formation of social capital than those with low levels leadership. Conclusions - At present, the social capital has become an important factor for the companies pursuing high performance workplaces. We found that the workplace democracy and the servant leadership affect the formation of social capital. It means that to increase the employees' sense of community and solidarity, it is need to form democratic environment with the servant leadership. Therefore, based on the results of this study, the workplace democracy and the servant leadership can present strategic implications that can increase the social capital.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2016

Objective:The purpose of this study is to suggest the methodology for establishment of safety culture in industry. Background: There have been studies indicating positive relation between safety culture and safety performance. But the areas of those efforts have been mainly focused on elements or factors consisting of safety culture. So it is expected that studies on methodologies for developing process of the culture could contribute for the industry to understand and apply it accordingly in order to improve their practices. Method: In this study, the scope was considered just for industry, even though there are many fields of culture. As the first step, the limitations of regulatory control and efforts by industry were reviewed, and the trends of researches were presented. In the second step, the global company practices were provided with detailed activities. Results: This paper showed the limitations of present state in government strategies and industry for safety culture improvement. Also the restricted areas in researches were shown. As one of the solutions to resolve those things, such global company practices as perception to safety journey, the steps of culture development, total safety philosophy, structure and elements of safety process, standards and procedures, training, and up to keys to success were suggested. Conclusion: Through this study, the development of the structure of safety process which consists of many purposeful activities has been derived to be very important. Because it will be the seeds of safety culture expressing their thinking process and behaviors. Also it is required to approach success step by step according to the achievement of each step. Application: This study can be used to develop the methodology and safety process in industry with different viewpoints for safety culture establishment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to examine the awareness and management practice of operating room nurses, to prevent nosocomial infection, to identify problems and to propose solutions. Method: The research tools used were the hospital infection control guideline and a modified version of the measurment tools used in the study of Cho (1998). The questionnaire consisted of questions on hand washing, personal hygiene and clothes control, cleaning and environment control, sterilizing supplies and disposal of contaminated materials. The collected data were analysed with the SPSS program. Results: The mean score for domain-specific awareness of nosocomial infection control was 4.81 out of a possible 5 points. The highest score was for sterilizing supplies and disposal of contaminated materials. The mean score for domain-specific practices of nosocomial infection control was 4.40, out of a possible 5 points. Sterilizing supplies and disposal of contaminated materials had the highest scores. The mean score for awareness in all domains was higher than mean score for practice. Among the general characteristics of the nurses, high awareness was found only in the provision of infection control guidelines and it had shown statistically significant difference. Examination of relation of general characteristics to practice showed that for age, career, the provision of infection control guidelines, and experience in infection control education there were statistically significant differences in the scores. For the relation between awareness of nosocomial infection control and practice, positive correlation was found in all domains, thus high awareness leads to high practice. Conclusion: Considering the result of this research, plans are needed that promote virtual practice of hospital infection control.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.287-299
• /
• 1997

Procurement, cutting, cleansing, freezing, freeze-drying, and demineralization of the allogeneic bone must be made under the germ-free stable condition without bacterial and/or viral contamination. Even thought the bone is procured under the germ free condition, we must have confidence on disinfection of all the solutions that come in contact with tissue during the whole procedure. Lots of antibacterial agents have been introduced for chemical sterilization. Recently ethylene oxide gas sterilization or radiation sterilization is frequently selected as a secendary sterilization procedure. The biological and biochemical response of the graft material differs with the type and concentration of the sterilizing agents, and various toxic reactions have been reported due to the graft material itself and the substance released by the chemicals. The authors conducted the Millipore filter test to observe the toxic effect on L929 fibroblasts according to the effect on activity of succinate dehydrogenase, during the secondary sterilization of the demineralized allogeneic bone powder with irradiation or ethylene oxide gas. The result were as follows : 1. Around the copper disk, positive control group, 10mm diameter discoloration was observed. 2. As same as the negative control group, the disk showed no discoloration. 3. The demineralized allogeneic bone which was sterilized with ethylene oxide gas or irradiation showed no cytotoxicity. 4. From this results, it is suggested that treatment with ethylene oxide gas or irradiation should be effective to sterilize the deminineralized allogeneic bone.