• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.51-62
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• 2019

This paper investigates the effects of prior entrepreneurial experience on new venture performance. Entrepreneurial experience has significant impacts on the early development processes of new ventures founded by experienced entrepreneurs. There are inconclusive results on the relationships between entrepreneurial experience and new venture performance. Based on the data of Korean new ventures, this paper empirically analyze these relationships of different entrepreneurial experience on new venture performance. Success experience has positive effects on employment but no effect on financial performance. Failure experience has negative relationships with financial performance as well as employment. There are moderating effect of firm age on the relationship of only failure experience with performance. Finally this paper suggests theoretical and practical implications of entrepreneurial experience on new ventures' development and performances.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate dental students' self-perception of clinical care ability after a denture treatment experience. Materials and methods: Of the 58 fourth-year students at the dental school in 2019, 50 students completed the questionnaire concerning their denture treatment session, including treatment planning and pre-prosthetic treatment (4 questions), clinical and laboratory procedures (20 questions), and students' opinions on clinical denture education (4 questions). Each question was answered on a five-point scale, of which points four and five, "agree" and "strongly agree" respectively, were classified as positive responses while points one and two, "disagree" and "strongly disagree" respectively, were classified as negative. Results: All the items on clinical and laboratory procedures received a positive response rate of over 60%, and the overall self-perception of the students appeared to be positive. However, the questions on the ability to perform denture treatment independently after graduation received only 48% of positive answer. Those on patient management, explanations of denture precautions, customized tray production, boxing, and work model production were answered with the highest positive response rate whereas those on treatment planning, final impression acquisition, and surveying, were the lowest in each session. Conclusion: The dental students with experience in denture treatment generally have a positive opinion of their clinical care ability, but further education may be necessary to improve their ability to treat their patients independently.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the role of student immediacy in learning-related positive affective experiences in the technology-mediated education context. In particular, perceived social presence was expected to mediate the relationship between student immediacy and positive affect. Moreover, we hypothesized the moderating role of technology readiness in the relationship between student immediacy and perceived social presence. To test this hypothesis, a survey of approximately 500 undergraduate students who have attended non-face-to-face online courses was conducted. The results revealed that social presence fully mediated the relationship between immediacy and positive affect. That is, students who scored high on the immediacy scale tended to experience a greater level of social presence during online classes; consequently, they tended to demonstrate more positive affect. As expected, technology readiness moderated the relationship between immediacy and social presence. Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on instructor immediacy, the present study contributed to immediacy literature by empirically testing the positive effect of student immediacy on learning. Furthermore, this study revealed the potential importance of communication competence and its progress in predicting student participation and satisfaction, which could have been changed since the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.167-183
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• 2017

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of character traits of employees of consulting firm on job satisfaction through self-leadership and self-efficacy. The proposed model is based on big5 model of Coasta and McCrae(1992). To validate the proposed model, structural equation model is analyzed with the valid 140 questionnaires collected from Seoul and nearby cities by using Smart PLS 3.0. The results are as follows. First, extraversion has a positive effect on self-leadership, not on self-efficacy. Second, agreeableness has a positive effect on self-leadership, not on self-efficacy. Third, conscientiousness has a positive effect on both self-leadership and self-efficacy. Fourth, emotional stability does not have a positive effect on both self-leadership and self-efficacy. Fifth, openness to experience has a positive effect on both self-leadership and self-efficacy. Sixth, self-leadership has a positive effect on self-efficacy. Seventh, self-leadership has a positive effect on job satisfaction. Last, self-efficacy has a positive effect on job satisfaction. This research proves that, while the character of employees generally forms the meaningful relationship with self-leadership and self-efficacy, in some entries of Big 5 character elements it has still produced the different results with the previous researches, which betrays that the relationship between one's character and self-leadership and self-efficacy can differ according to the characteristic of jobs. It requires further study to prove how each of Big 5 elements differently effects on self-leadership and self-efficacy according to diverse characteristic of jobs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.495-504
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• 2019

Purpose: Nursing students experience a high degree of perceived stress during skills training. The resulting academic sentiment is worthy of research. This study examined the learning motivation as a mediator in the association between perceived stress and positive deactivating academic emotions in nursing students undergoing skills training. Methods: A survey was conducted on 386 third-year undergraduate nursing students at a university in Changchun, China, in 2017. The survey included the items on perceived stress, learning motivation during nursing skill training, and general academic emotion. There were 381 valid responses (response rate=98.7%). Based on the results of partial correlation and stepwise multiple regression equations, the study examined the mediation model between perceived stress, learning motivation and positive-deactivating academic emotions using process 2.16 (a plug-in specifically used to test mediation or moderation effect in SPSS). Results: There was a significant negative correlation between students' perceived stress and learning motivation during nursing skills training and positive-deactivating academic emotions. Nervousness, loss of control, and interest in developing reputation had significant predictive effects on positive-deactivating academic emotions. The mediating model was well supported. Conclusion: Learning motivation during nursing skills training lessened the damage of perceived stress on positive-deactivating academic emotions. Improving students' motivation to learn could reduce their perceived stress and build more positive emotions. Positive emotions during learning played an important role in helping nursing students improve skills and enhance their nursing competence.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.271-282
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research study attempted to identify the job stress and positive psychological capital of clinical nurses and to identify the factors that impact job embeddedness. Methods: Data were collected from 115 nurses with over one year of clinical experience working at a 500-bed B General Hospital. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 27.0 program using frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression. Results: As a result of multiple regression analysis, hope among the sub-factors of positive psychological capital (β=0.48, p<.001), matters related to the work schedule (β=-0.23, p=.005) among the sub-factors of job stress, and conflict with doctor (β=0.20, p=.013) was found to have an impact on job embeddedness, and the explanatory power of this regression model was 52.0% (F=13.12, p<.001). Conclusion: It was found that the positive psychological capital of clinical nurses has a positive impact on job embeddedness. In order to increase the job embeddedness of clinical nurses, it is necessary to develop, educate, and utilize specific intervention programs that can strengthen positive psychological capital. Efforts should be needed to prepare specific strategies for nurses to recognize the importance of hope and actively utilize positive psychological capital. In addition, it is necessary to create an organization-level working environment and continuous management to reduce the job stress of clinical nurses.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.33-59
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• 2008

This paper aims to analyse the preference for German farm tourism among the German population. For this reason, we conducted an empirical study in Germany during summer 2007 and we applieda structural equation model based on partial leasts quares(PLS) to analyse the data. In the following chapters we will introduce the literature review and our conceptual frame work. We will then outline the procedures we adopted and the results of the empirical analysis. In the final part so me conclusions will be presented and a discussion will follow in order to draw the future directions of our research. According to our hypotheses, the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked set of an individual is higher: H1: The higher the information degree about it. H2: The lower the influence of the social stimuli. H3: The higher the physical exposure to it (experience). H4: The higher the wellness image of agri-tourism. H5: The higher the traditional image of agri-tourism. H6: The higher the exciting image of agri-tourism. H7: The higher the perceived value for money. Our further hypotheses affirm that the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked set of an individual is higher: H8: The lower the perceived risk. H9: The higher the motive to enjoy a holiday in the nature. H10: The higher the motive to enjoy a sport holiday. H11: The lower the motive to have an organized holiday. H12: The lower the motive to have a holiday abroad. H13: The lower the motive of action and night life. H14: The higher the motive to spend a holiday with the family. H15: The lower the motive to spend a city holiday. Finally, our model has some socio-demographics data. As we mentioned before, German agri-tourism has traditionally been the travel destination of large-size families, with low-to-middle income. For that reason, our final hypothesises are the following: the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked-set of an individual is higher: H16: The higher the number of family members. H17: The lower the family income. Since in this study we use a path model with a PLS approach, we are able to state some interrelations among the exogenous latent variables: H18: The motive of sport holiday has a positive influence towards nature motives. H19: The physical exposition to agri-tourism has a positive influence toward information. H20: The motive of family holiday has a negative influence toward the motive of action and night life. H21: Social stimuli have a positive influence towards individuals risk perceptions. H22: Social stimuli have negative influence towards experience. Data for this study were gathered via administrated questionnaires during the summer 2007 within the frame of an academic "marketing research" course. The corresponding t-values are assessed using the bootstrapping method with 500 re-samples. In our model 61% of the degree of appreciation of German agri-tourism (evoked set) is explained by five independent variables: value for money ($0.335^{{\ast}{\ast}{\ast}}$) (H7) experience ($0.267^{{\ast}{\ast}}$) (H3), exciting image ($0.204^{\ast}$) (H6) organisation ($-0.162^{\ast}$) (H11) and holiday abroad ($-0.156^{\ast}$) (H12). The variance explained ($R^2$) for the other endogenous variables are the following: nature 24.3%, information 14.1%, action holiday 13.8%, risk perception 5.8% and experience 2.4%. An overview can be inferred from table 5. The results also allow us to test each of the proposed hypotheses. With exception of organization and abroad, none of the others travel style factors (H9 to H15) seem to have any significant impact towards evoked set which leads to the rejection of the respective hypotheses. As expected, social stimuli have a significant influence on individuals' risk perception (H21 accepted), however neither the former nor the latter have a valuable impact on evoked set (rejection of H2 and H8). Besides, since the influence of social stimuli towards experience is not significant, also H22 has to be rejected. Experience influences information (H19 accepted) but the latter does not affect significantly the evoked set (H1 rejected). Both H4 as well as H5, referring respectively to the perceived images of German agri-tourism as a wellness destination and the traditional image of the German farm tourism have to be rejected. Finally, none of the demographic data included in the model explains significantly the variance of the factor evoked set. Therefore neither H16 nor H17 has been accepted. As far as the interrelation between sport and nature (H18) and family and action (H20) are concerned, the stated relationship among these variables has been statistically confirmed. Our path model based on partial least squares shows the factors influencing the preference for farm tourism in Germany. Among others value for money and experience are the most significant ones. Practical implications are discussed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-100
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• 2022

Untact mobile commerce shows a rapid growth due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. And companies have a lot of tough competition in this trend. However, the detail pages of products which play an important role in purchase decision have been provided mostly for consumers in a form of stereotyped information composition. This study has found that the form of (image-centered vs. text-centered) information composition of detailed descriptions of products in the detail pages of mobile products has an effect on product attitude and purchase intention as consumers' information appeal methods vary depending on product types (search goods vs. experience goods). That is, search goods whose information search is easy and whose quality is predictable could be found that product attitude and purchase intention have a more positive effect on the form of image-centered information composition. And experience goods whose quality is unpredictable could be found that product attitude and purchase intention have a more positive effect on the form of text-centered information composition. And effects of congruence between product types based on Higgins' regulatory focus theory and the form of information composition have found to vary depending on consumers' chronic regulatory focus. Promotion focus seeking consumers showed effects of congruence between product types and the form of information composition and prevention focus seeking consumers did not show effects of congruence between them. That is, promotion focus seeking consumers have found to have more positive product attitude and purchase intention in the form of image-centered information composition of experience goods and text-centered information composition of search goods. And prevention focus seeking consumers have found to be unable to have an effect on product attitude and purchase intention even though the form of image or text-centered information composition of search and experience goods is presented. The study implies that the form of information composition should be designed, produced, and provided for consumers by considering product types and consumer propensity when designing it in the detail pages of mobile products.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.589-598
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• 2013

The research about nursing students' experience on the clinical environment observation is essential to developed effective strategy for clinical education and to improve quality for clinical practice of nursing education. This study is aimed to above goal by the report about nursing students' experience on emergency room environmental observation. The number of participants is 30 nursing students who are senior in the practicing at emergence room. Data analysis was centered on scrutinizing the contents of the participants' replies in order to deduce any relevant meaning. Also, data were analyzed by the meaning of learning based on self-examination through the practical learning. The positive and negative topics stated. Nursing students' experience on emergency room observation will supply the thinking about their own self-portrait in near future, and will give self reflection about correct nursing interventions to nursing students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.473-481
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• 2016

This research aims to examine the relationship between the overseas Koreans' return visit for the participation in the National Sports Festival(NSF) and transnational identity negotiation. The subjects for this study were 378 overseas Koreans who took part in the 96th NSF in 2015. The results are as follows; First, the higher the motivation for socializing with others, maintaining a national identity and self-realization, the more the positive experience in the NSF. However, the higher the motivation for releasing stress and helping business, the more the negative experience they have in the NSF. Second, while the higher the motivation for releasing stress and helping business, the stronger the identity with settlement. However, the higher the motivation for maintaining a national identity, the stronger the identity with origin. Third, while the more the negative experience in the NSF, the stronger the identity with settlement. However, the less the negative experience in the NSF, the stronger the identity with origin.