• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.8
• /
• pp.3030-3042
• /
• 2024

Steel containment vessels for nuclear power plants can experience gas leakage due to minute defects such as cracks, corrosion, and aging, leading to gas leakage. A gas leakage model for microchannels is established to elucidate the mechanism underlying gas leakage within microchannels caused by these defects, specifically addressing the issue of unidirectional gas flow. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the UK R6 method are employed to calculate the gas leakage rate within microchannels. Furthermore, the characteristics of gas flow within microchannels are explored, including the factors affecting the gas leakage rate. Validation of the calculation results is verified experimentally. The results indicate that the gas mass flow rate exhibits a linear decrease with decreasing internal pressure and a non-linear decline as temperature increases. Additionally, the gas mass flow rate demonstrates a negative correlation with the microchannel length but a positive association to its hydraulic diameter. The primary influencing factors on gas leakage rates are hierarchically ranked as follows: pressure difference, microchannel cross-sectional area, temperature, microchannel length, and microchannel hydraulic diameter.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.309-323
• /
• 2024

Purpose - This study investigates whether firms engage in Real Earnings Management surrounding preliminary earnings announcements when experiencing a reversal of accounting earnings signs. Design/methodology/approach - We use ordinary least squares regression analysis to examine the association between the reversal of accounting earnings signs and three measures of REM(abnormal operating cash flows, abnormal discretionary expenses, and abnormal production costs). Findings - Our findings indicate that both profit-to-loss and loss-to-profit reversals are positively associated with all three measures of REM. This suggests that managers use various REM activities to mitigate negative consequences or enhance positive perceptions associated with earnings reversals. Research implications or Originality - This study provides new insights into the relationship between preliminary earnings announcements and REM by documenting that the reversal of accounting earnings signs is a significant determinant of managers' REM decisions. Our findings highlight the importance of scrutinizing REM activities surrounding preliminary earnings announcements, particularly when firms experience a reversal of accounting earnings signs.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.189-204
• /
• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of corporate strategic deviance on firm value considering a firm's cost stickiness. Design/methodology/approach - This study used 40,823 firm-year observations from the Korean stock markets, KOSPI and KOSDAQ. Several multiple regression models were used in order to analyze the data Findings - First, unlike the previous results, corporate strategic deviation is positively associated with firm value. Second, the cost stickiness of a firm is positively related to firm value. Third, the interaction effect between strategic deviation and cost stickiness has negative relation with firm value. Fourth, An increase in standard deviation directly correlates with a decrease in firm value for firms with high levels of controlling shareholder ownership or that are part of chaebols. Research implications or Originality - Strategically deviant firms can experience an increase in firm value due to their future competitive advantage. Moreover, stickiness of costs generally has a positive impact on firm value. However, when firms with high levels of cost stickiness employ strategic deviant strategies, there is a risk of agency problems such as excessive overinvestment, which can negatively impact firm value.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.509-527
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of Generative AI in the workplace, focusing on both enablers and inhibitors. By employing the dual factor theory, this research examines how knowledge support, customization, entertainment, perceived risk, realistic threat, and identity threat impact the intention to adopt Generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT. Methods: Data were collected from 192 participants via MTurk, all of whom had experience using Generative AI. The survey was conducted in June 2024, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to ensure the validity and reliability of the measurement model. Attention-check questions were used to ensure data quality, and participants provided demographic information at the end of the survey. Results: : The findings reveal that knowledge support and entertainment significantly enhance the intention to adopt Generative AI, whereas realistic threat poses a substantial barrier. Customization, perceived risk, and identity threat did not significantly affect adoption intentions. Conclusion: This study contributes to the literature by addressing the gap in understanding the adoption mechanisms of Generative AI in professional settings. It highlights the importance of promoting AI's knowledge support and entertainment capabilities while addressing employees' concerns about job security. Organizations should emphasize these benefits and proactively mitigate perceived threats to foster a positive reception of Generative AI technologies. The findings offer practical implications for enhancing user acceptance and provide a foundation for future research in this area.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.76-86
• /
• 2024

Purpose : In this study, we aimed to identify factors influencing the inpatient satisfaction in integrated nursing care service wards. Methods : Using data from the 2020 and 2021 healthcare service experience surveys conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, this study analyzed a weighted sample of 416,020 participants using descriptive statistics, pairedt-test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses. Results : Inpatient satisfaction in integrated nursing care service wards was most significantly affected by the experiences with nursing services and perceived health status, followed by experiences with doctor services, length of hospitalization, age, experiences with medical institution services, education level, gender, presence of chronic diseases, type of hospital, and occupation. Most significant positive impacts were associated with experiences with nursing and doctor services, especially in general hospitals and high-level facilities, among males and elderly patients > 60 years old. In contrast, high education level, presence of chronic diseases, and unemployment were associated with low inpatient satisfaction. Conclusion : Effective programs and guidelines must be developed and implemented to expand and promote the integrated nursing care and medical services and overall utilization of healthcare institutions, with a special focus on person-centered care.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-77
• /
• 2008

In recent years, although numbers of corporations are bringing in PMO, they seem to be indifferent to PMO performance measurement. This demonstrates that there are also other reasons beside performance measurement of information systems (IS) project being ambiguous by introducing PMO; the lack of acknowledging the concrete function of PMO, and the scarcity of empirical study about the effect of PMO on the project members and project performance. In this sense, this study is aimed at proposing a new research model in which project success factors (i.e., standardization, management advocacy, and staff expertise) affect PMO capability (i.e., knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency) positively, leading to project performance (i.e., task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes) eventually. To empirically test the research model, data are surveyed from PMO department and IS department. To prove the validity of the proposed research model, PLS analysis is applied with valid 132 questionnaires. By employing PLS technique, the measurement reliability and validity of research variables are tested and the path analysis is conducted to do the hypothesis testing. The path analysis results can be organized into 7 ways in large scale. First, standardization of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency of PMO capabilities. The findings of this result indicate that the multiple or single project management should satisfy standardization in order to operate an effective PMO. Second, management advocacy of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency. Management advocacy refers to the willingness of management to provide the required resources and authority for project success. There is agreement among researchers regarding the importance of management advocacy for favorable PMO capability. Third, staff expertise of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency. The findings of this result indicate that the formation of an exceptional consultant or members with a proficient knowledge for staff expertise of project member is the key factor to elevate the PMO capability. Past research suggests that experience and knowledge and the resultant familiarity with the problem faced can be an important determinant of PMO capability. A capable project with appropriate staff expertise means that it enjoys a diversity of abilities and experiences. Fourth, knowledge management competency of PMO capabilities has a positive impact on psychological outcomes but has no direct effect on task outcomes and organizational outcomes. In domestic case of S. Korea, PMO was finally introduced to many other corporations in 2005 though it started bringing in 2000. Therefore, it had neither a significant impact on the task outcomes nor organizational outcomes by lacking the contents and the infrastructure of the knowledge management because the knowledge consolidation and management period of PMO is comparatively shorter by terms than other foreign nations. Fifth, resources management competency of PMO capabilities has a positive association with task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes. In addition, problem solving competency of PMO capabilities has a positive association with task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes. Therefore, the findings of this results stress that PMO capabilities has a positive impact on project performance. Sixth, according to the path analysis of the hypothesis, which suggested in this research, problem solving competency is the PMO capability which is the key success factor for task, psychological, and organizational outcomes as an integrated performance model. Further, the analysis reveals that problem solving competency is an important factor for integrated performance model. The finding is in line with past IS research, which affirms that the work of IS projects is essentially a problem solving endeavor. Seventh, in the path analysis of the hypothesis in this research, the path of the management advocacy $\rightarrow$ problem solving competency $\rightarrow$ organizational outcomes appears to be the most important and strongest path. In brief, the finding of this study suggests that project success factors influence PMO capability positively, and project performance as well. From the results, it can be concluded that PMO helped great improve the project success rate and project performance. This study advances research on PMO capability in three important aspects. First, the findings of our study have implications for IS theory and future research. Our study contributes to IS theory by synthesizing concepts from PMO research and project management research with those in IS research. We proposed and tested PMO capability of IS projects and the findings of our investigation provided some preliminary answers to some of the questions raised. Secondly, this thesis does not only help depicting the concept of IT governance but also approaches empirically. It makes a gradual approach to the main content, step by step, in contrary of simple standard, scholastic way of thinking. Finally, we argued that this task-oriented(technical) view is not sufficient to adequately conceptualize IS project performance. Hence, we applied that the research on organization teams, which provides a flip viewpoint to that of project management research in that it gives more weight for psychological outcomes of organizational work groups, can be very helpful in reconceptualizing the IS project performance construct. The limitations of this study are also discussed to provide research directions for future research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.1
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2015

Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of forest experience program on depression, anxiety, and self concept in adolescents living in urban area. A total of 47 adolescents living in Seoul, South Korea were recruited for the study and participated in a series of forest experience programs that the Korea National Park Service had developed. Before and after applying the program, their depression, anxiety, and self concept were evaluated using Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and Offer Self Image Questionnaire-Revised (OSIQ). The outcome measures were analyzed using paired-t tests. CDI score was significantly reduced after the program (before:$12.41{\pm}8.34$, after:$8.65{\pm}9.48$). Excluding 16 participants whose scores of Lie Scale in the RCMAS were more than 8 on the analysis, the total RCMAS score showed significant reduction after the program (before:$14.87{\pm}7.30$, after:$10.81{\pm}7.81$). There was no significant difference in the total score of the total self-image scale in the OSIQ. However, the Self-confidence (SC) which was used as subscale of the OSIQ was significantly higher after the program (before:$29.94{\pm}3.71$, after:$38.11{\pm}6.45$), and the Idealism scale (I) in the OSIQ increased significantly after the program (before:$21.03{\pm}3.80$, after:$23.17{\pm}3.89$). On our analysis, the forest experience program showed considerable positive effects on depression and anxiety in adolescents. This result leads the postulation that the program might be helpful for adolescents to adapt to their surrounding experiences and to achieve improvement in interpersonal relationship.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.139-154
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the causality between satisfaction /stress with school life and drinking-related behaviors of students majoring in the Dept. of Culinary Arts. The majors taught in college will connect to the job in the future directly. Therefore, in this regard, the results of this study have great importance for Dept. Culinary Arts student training. Results indicated that a positive perception of drinking partially influenced the levels at < ${\beta}=-.219$, p<0.01> a partial impact on school life satisfaction and stress. Negative perceptions also appeared to influence < ${\beta}=.445$, p<0.01> and < ${\beta}=.213$, p<0.01> levels of satisfaction and stress. Therefore, drinking behavior appears to affect the college life experience stress. Schools will have to incorporate this as part of the curriculum to correct the drinking behavior of students.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 2015

An ad endorser's gaze direction is a salient nonverbal cue that consumers use in responding to advertisements. The gaze direction influences consumers' social perceptions (e.g., attractiveness, credibility) of the endorser and advertising effectiveness (e.g., advertising attitudes, brand attitudes). Especially, the cerebral emotional asymmetry hypothesis suggests that an ad endorser's left-averted gaze can produce more positive social perceptions and advertising effectiveness than the right-averted gaze for right-handed consumers. This study examined the effects of three gaze directions (direct, left-averted and right-averted gaze directions) of unknown female ad endorser on Korean males' advertising responses (attractiveness-, credibility- and ad-effectiveness-related responses), using online experimental method. The results indicated that the ad endorser's direct gaze was more likely to increase both positive (correspondence bias) and negative (suspicion, deceptiveness) social perceptions of her than the right-averted gaze. The direct gaze also created more positive advertising effectiveness (advertising attitudes) than the right-averted gaze. However, the study failed to find consistent differences in responses between left-averted gaze and either direct or right-averted gaze.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.595-605
• /
• 2017

This study was intended to investigate the effects of after-school forest healing programs on the pro-social behavior and self-efficacy of young children using the attributes of forest and the forest healing factors. The children attending a kindergarten located in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ - dong, Cheongju city were divided into a test group which participated in the forest healing program activities and a control group which participated in the regular programs of the kindergarten but not in the forest healing program. Each group consisted of 20 boys and girls aged 3 to 5 years. The forest healing program was conducted once a week from 10 April to 10 July in 2017 for a total of 12 sessions, and each session lasted one hour (60 minutes). The pro-sociality behavior and self-efficacy test of the children was conducted before and after the forest healing program, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. The result showed that the pro-social behaviors that indicated the ability to execute the positive action and the self-efficacy that indicated the self-confidence were statistically significant (p<0.05). The young children who participated in the forest healing program improved their self-esteem through positive thoughts from being with their peer in nature. Moreover, they increased not only ecological knowledge but also consideration for others and cooperative spirit. They also greatly improved the ability to control personal emotion and the ability to form the personal relationship which are the sub-factors of pro-sociality, the ability to adapt to the early childhood education institution, and the physical efficacy which is the sub-factor of self-efficacy. It was concluded that the after-school forest healing program had a positive impact on pro-social behavior and self-efficacy.