• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 2003

To improve the efficiency of removal of bacteria and virus with DynaSand Filters used for treatment of recycling wastewater from aquaculture, effect of biofilm formation on bacterial transport through coated sand was estimated. At the neutral pH (pH 7.0), the coated sand was positive of zeta potential (surface charge). Column experiments were also carried out to test the effect of uncoated sand as well as coated sand with Al and Fe. The coated sand influenced more significantly the surface properties, adsorption and transport than the uncoated sand. The leaching batch system investigated for synthetic water showed concentrations of 7.47, 4.80, 20.89 and 7.23 mg/L for the uncoated sand, coated sand with Al, Fe and Al+Fe, respectively. Hence there are significant differences among the tested coatings with reference to bacterial transport and surface properties.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.669-674
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• 2017

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are produced by marine dinoflagellate phytoplankton Alexandrium spp. and Gymnodinium spp. These toxins accumulate in filter feeding organisms such as bivalves and the ingestion of contaminated shellfish can cause illness in humans. The mouse bioassay (MBA) has been the preferred PST testing method worldwide for more than 50 years. However, this assay has several disadvantages, such as detection limits, non-toxic-profiles, and the ethical issues of using animals. The aim of this study was to establish an alternative to the MBA method for testing for PSTs. We optimized the analysis conditions of a post-column oxidation-high performance liquid chromatography (PCOX-HPLC) method and the Scotia Rapid Test Kit, and then compared the accuracy of these methods to the MBA method. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between the PCOX-HPLC method and the MBA, although the PCOX-HPLC method required expensive equipment and standard material, and was time consuming. The Scotia Rapid Test Kit promises to be a useful tool, as it provided rapid and qualitative results, although the method sometimes gave a false positive result that could not be explained by toxin profiles.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2018

A traditional herbal formula, Gyeji-tang has been used to treat the early colds, headache, chills, and fever in Asian countries. In this study, we were performed simultaneous determination of the 14 bioactive marker compounds, gallic acid, spinosin, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, liquilitigenin, coumarin, cinnmamic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, cinnamaldehyde, glycyrrhizin, and 6-gingerol in Gyeji-tang using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Analytical column was used a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) and maintained at $45^{\circ}C$ with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase consists of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. The MS analysis was conducted using multiple reaction monitoring in the positive and negative modes by a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS system. The calibration curves of 14 bioactive marker compounds showed linearity with correlation coefficients ${\geq}0.9798$. The limits of detection and quantification values were in the range of 0.11-6.66 ng/mL and 0.34-19.99 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the established LC-MS/MS method, the amounts of tested 14 compounds in the lyophilized Gyeji-tang sample were detected up to $85.7{\mu}g/g$. These results may be useful for quality assessment of a traditional herbal formulas.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 1991

A water soluble antifungal antibiotic, Solumycin, was separated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. LAM-593, isolated from soil, by butanol extraction, alumina-, 1st and 2nd Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The substance was pale yellow crystal which gave a single spot at Rf value 0.24 with ethanol-ammonia water-water (8:1:1), 0.46 with butanol-ethanol-water (5:1:4), 0.84 with 50% methanol on silica gel TLC. It was dissolved well in water, methanol and acidic aq. butanol but not in ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform. acetic acid etc., and gave positive Fehling and Molish reaction. The UV spectrum in methanol showed absorption at 342, 361, 380, and 404 nm. The antibiotic was active against fungi such as Candide, Cryptococcus, Saccharomyces, Trichophyton and Trichosporon, but not to bacteria such as Bacillus, Escherichia and Staphylococcus.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 1985

To find antibacterial strains of the soil microorganisms in Korea, they were isolated from the soil samples of different locations and screened for antibacterial activity against several standard microorganisms. An isolate among them had antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The examination of its morphological, biochemical, cultural and physiological characteristics according to the International Streptomyces Project methods showed that it belongs to the genus Streptomyces. This strain appears to be a novel strain when it was compared with those species of the genus which have been so far reported. The antibiotic metabolite was produced in the submerged culture of the strain. This metabolite was extracted from the culture filtrate and purified by ion-exchange column chromatography. Physico-chemical properties of the antibacterial metabolite were characterized.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1470-1475
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• 2009

The seed coat of the black soybean contains 3 main anthocyanins such as delphinidin-3-O-$\beta$-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-$\beta$-glucoside, and petunidin-3-O-$\beta$-glucoside. As a part of our effort on discovering and breeding new black soybean cultivars which possesses specific anthocyanin component rich, we determined the anthocyanin profiles of the 2 cultivars recently developed soybean cv. Gaechuck #1 and cv. Gyeongsang #1, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and compared their content and identity with those of previously known 10 cultivar controls. The Cosmosil-$5C_{18}$-AR-II column were selected for the analysis because of the best peak separation. The column temperature was set up at $35^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisting of water containing 0.5%(v/v) formic acid and methanol gave good separation between the 3 anthocyanin analytes and internal standard (quercetin 3-O-$\beta$-rutinoside) and peaks with suppressed tail. The MS/MS spectra of each individual anthocyanin standard were detected in positive electron spray ionization (ESI) modes. It was disclosed that the anthocyanin contents of the soybean cv. Gaechuck#1 and cv. Gyeongsang#1 are roughly higher than those of the 10 controls.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.522-526
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• 1998

Ferritin from germinated soybean seeds was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (0.55 saturation), ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-300, and HPLC with Bio-Scale Q2 column. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the purified ferritin is composed of subunit with an apparent M, 21,000. The molecular mass of the native soybean ferritin estimated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis appeared to be $510{\sim}560\;kDa$. Soybean ferritin contained 833 mol Fe/mol protein, which is 31-fold more iron than pumpkin ferritin and stained positive for iron on non-denaturing gel. Soybean ferritin cross-reacted with anti-soybean rabbit ferritin antiserum.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.3 s.134
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• pp.201-205
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• 2003

This paper is intended as an investigation of the analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography and the method of extraction of decursin and decursinol angelate in Angelica gigas roots. There are three kinds of extraction methods: distilled water, 50% EtOH and 100% EtOH. The condition of HPLC was obtained on a reversed-phase column $(Polarity\;dC_{18},\;4.6{\times}250 mm,\;5\;{\mu}m)$ using a phosphate buffer-acetonitrile-sodium lauryl sulfate as the mobile phase. Under these chromatographic conditions, UV detector was 230 nm, column temperature $30^{\circ}C$ and the speed of a current 1.0 ml/min, respectively. The results of extraction with distilled water, 50% EtOH and 100% EtOH in Angelica gigas roots were as follows. The concentrations of decursin and decursinol angelate were 182 and 153 ppm (distilled water), 3,142 and 2,547 ppm (50% EtOH) and 3,341 and 2,778 ppm (100% EtOH). There were high positive correlations between the concentrations of decursin and EtOH (r=0.8928, p<0.01) and decursinol angelate and EtOH (r=0.9009, p<0.01).

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2012

Anxiety in zebrafish can be determined by examining their bottom-dwelling and light-avoidance behavior. This study determines the effects of physostigmine and scopolamine on anxiety in zebrafish by measuring swimming frequency for three horizontal layers and three vertical columns of a water test tank illuminated by a light source located above the central surface of the tank. In the 1 h session, zebrafish in the control group preferred the bottom layer the most and the center column the least. Zebrafish treated with 2-20 ${\mu}M$ physostigmine were more likely to prefer the to layer than controls, and there were significant pairwise differences between physostigmine-treated zebrafish and controls, indicating the anxiolytic effect of physostigmine. Further, 10 and $20{\mu}M$ physostigmine-treated zebrafish no longer avoided the center column. Scopolamine had no anxiolytic effect on bottom-dwelling and light-avoidance behaviors but suppressed the anxiolytic effect of physostigmine. In terms of their preference for various zones formed by layers and columns, zebrafish in the control group preferred the bottom left and right zones the most. Physostigmine had a positive effect on the preference for the top center zone, which was suppressed by scopolamine pretreatment. The results suggest that the level of anxiety in zebrafish can be reduced by activating acetylcholinergic neurotransmitter systems, which is mediated in part by muscarinic receptors.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2003

Objectives : Gram-positive bacteria have became increasing resistant to antibacterial agents, and hence multi-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens are now a major problem in clinical medicine. There is, therefore, a need for new antibacterial agents. In the course of our screening program for potent antibacterial agent from medicinal plants, the extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) showed antibacterial activity against methcillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Methods : S. miltiorrhiza was extracted with 80$\%$ EtOH. The extract was suspended in H2O and fractionated successively with hexane chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-buthanol. The chloroform fraction, which showed the highest antibacterial activity(MICs, 78㎍/ml) against MRSA, was chromatographed on a silica gel column and recycling prep-LC to give the pure antibacterial component. Results and Conclusions : The second fraction among the chloroform soluble portion of an aqueous EtOH extract of S. miltiorrhiza root showed outstanding antibacterial activity against MRSA and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus compared to the other fraction. An active compound was isolated from the second fraction using silica gel column chromatoraphy and recycling prep-LC. Based on these data together with the IH-, 13C-NMR, mass and mp, the active compounds were identified tanshinone Ⅰ, dehydrotanshinone Ⅰ and cryptotanshinone. Among tanshinones, cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ MICs against MRSA and antibiotics-resistant S. aureus were 12.5, 12.5 and 6.3㎍/ml, respectively.