• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.735-745
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• 2003

This paper looks at perceived images of female university students concerned with various wedding hair coordination including wedding hair styles, veil details and fitting positions and head dresses. Ta design an experimental test of a wedding dress and hair coordination variables, the content analysis of magazines was performed and hair experts were interviewed. 17 stimuli representing the variables of wedding hair coordination were manipulated and included with hair styles(2), veil details(2), veil fitting Positions(2), head dresses(2) and a wedding hat(1). The questionnaire of 445 was carried out and data were statistically processed. As a result, five images of wedding hair coordination were factors loaded, that is, favorable, decorative, smooth, personal and pretty one. Various main and interaction effects were found in images of it regarding to changing hair styles, different veil details and fitting positions and head dresses. favorable images, they affected by interactions between hair styles and veil details, hair styles and veil fitting positions, hair styles and head dresses and between veil details and the fitting positions. For personal images, interactions between veil details and the positions of veil fitting had effects on female students; for smooth images, That is, for hair style, female university students were influenced by favorable and smooth images; for veil details, by decorative and smooth images; for the positions of fitting veil, by decorative and favorable ones Then the researcher examined effects by dual interactions between factors of wedding hair coordination. For decorative images, they were found influenced by interactions between hair styles and veil details and between hair styles and head dresses. For personal ones, interactions between veil details and the fitting positions; for pretty images, interactions between the fitting positions and head dresses. These findings will provide sellers of the wedding dress with the idea of how females to perceive wedding hair coordination according to the variation of it.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activation related to postural stability depending on different head positions with whole body vibration (WBV) in standing. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this single-group, repeated-measures study in which the surface electromyography (EMG) data from upper trapezius, rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius were collected over 3 different frequencies (0-10-20Hz) and 4 different head positions (neutral, flexion, extension, chin tuck) for each subject on WBV while standing. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that the EMG activity of all recorded muscles shows significant difference between three different frequencies and four head positions of WBV while standing (p<0.05). In the multiple comparison, significant differences could be observed for most of different frequency conditions except 0-10Hz of RA, 10-20Hz of ST. In contrast, no significant difference showed the comparison of the EMG activity depending on different head positions (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that different head positions on WBV do not activate muscles related to postural stability. However, higher frequency on WBV is highly effective to activate whole body muscles included postural muscles regardless of different head positions.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2004

The equivalent source method (ESM) uses two groups of equivalent source positions. One group includes the first order images of the sound source inside the enclosure. The positions of the other group are usually on a spherical surface some distance outside the enclosure. A proper selection of the positions for the far field sources could greatly improve the performance of the modeling accuracy and reduce the number of the sources to achieve the required accuracy. This study uses optimally distributed far field source positions on the surface of enlarged version of the rectangular enclosure instead of using typical spherical distribution. Simulations using various sizes of the box shaped distribution are executed and optimal positions are searched using an optimization technique from the larger number of candidate positions. The results of using these far field source positions are compared and analyzed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.113-131
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• 2015

Purpose - In today's era of globalization, the competitive power of enterprises is growing fiercer, calling for organizations to be able to respond flexibly to survive and maintain predominance in competition. In turn, keen competition exists among enterprises for the systematic management of members' knowledge to secure predominance in such competition. Under such circumstances, SMEs must find and utilize positive causes for change that affect organizational performance. The objective of this study is to analyze the structural relationship between four factors known from prior research-a CEO's positive leadership, members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement-and organizational performance. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve this objective, this study established the following four research problems. First, do CEOs' positive leadership, members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement affect organizational performance? Second, do CEOs' positive leadership, members' positive life positions, and learning organization activities affect job engagement? Third, do CEOs' positive leadership and members' positive life positions affect learning organization activities? Fourth, does CEOs' positive leadership affect members' positive life positions. Additionally, to achieve the objective of this study, the research model was selected on the basis of a documentary survey of 787 full-time employees at 100 SMEs, which was used to collect related data. Results - The following conclusions were drawn. First, a CEO's positive leadership directly affects members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement. Second, positive leadership only indirectly affects organizational performance. That is, positive leadership has an indirect effect on organizational performance given the parameters of members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement. Third, members' positive life positions directly affect learning organization activities and job engagement, but indirectly affect organizational performance with learning organization activities and job engagement as parameters. Fourth, learning organization activities directly affect job engagement and organizational performance. Additionally, learning organization activities indirectly affect organizational performance with job engagement as a parameter. Fifth, job engagement directly affects organizational performance. Conclusions - A CEO's positive leadership and members' positive life positions do not directly affect organizational performance but have a positive effect through learning organization activities and job engagement. In particular, CEOs' positive leadership was proven to be the major factor to affect members' positive life positions, learning organization attitudes, and job engagement, and learning organization activities and job engagement were found to be major factors that directly affect organizational performance. Considering these conclusions, the direct effect of a CEO's positive leadership on organizational performance is not statistically significant but seems to affect members' positive life positions, learning organization activities, and job engagement, which ultimately affects organizational performance. In addition, CEOs' positive leadership is an important factor that enhances the factors with the strongest effect on organizational performance-activities of learning organizations and job engagement.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.31.2-31
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• 2001

A real-time control strategy is presented for plasma control Rather than in-situ plasma variables, this is based on realtime measurements of two electrical positions that correspond to two match motors. Using the rf match monitor system, the positions were collected. The process of impedance matching was identified with variations in process factors, including rf power, pressure, and O$_2$ flow rate. A state-space model was obtained basing on autoregressive moving average model. For this model, a linear quadratic regulator was designed and applied. Simulation results revealed that match positions could accurately be regulated to follow certain positions arbitrarily chosen.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.229-236
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the active stability of shoulder joints according to the frequency of overhead motions, such as serving and spiking, engaged in by female professional volleyball athletes who play different positions, and to provide the results as the basic data for developing exercise programs to prevent shoulder joint injuries. The subjects of this study were 50 Korean female professional volleyball players and positions were as follows: left and right attackers, centers, setters, and liberos. The external rotation and internal rotation muscle strength and muscle strength ratios of the dominant and non-dominant arms of all subjects were measured using Biodex. The results of this study are as follows: Frist, no significant differences were found in the internal and external rotation muscle strength of the dominant and non-dominant arms between positions. Second, for the shoulder joint muscle strength ratio of the dominant arm, by position, the setter showed significantly greater stability compared to the other positions. Third, for the shoulder joint muscle strength ratio of the non-dominant arm, by position, no significant difference in stability between positions was found. Fourth, it was found that the dominant arm had significantly greater instability of the shoulder joint than the non-dominant arm for attackers and centers, but no significant difference was found for setters and liberos. This study comparatively analyzed the muscle strength ratios of the external/internal rotations and dominant/non-dominant arms, which can determine the stability of the shoulder joints between female professional volleyball playing positions that engage in jumps and spikes using only the dominant hand and positions that do not.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2024

Background: In Taekwondo athletes, ankle sprain is the most common risk factor for injury. Repeated ankle injuries lead to weakness and imbalance of the ankle muscles, resulting in chronic ankle instability (CAI). Both the ankle and toe muscles contribute to the inversion and eversion of the foot at the subtalar joint. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the ankle and toe joint positions when measuring ankle invertor and evertor strength. Objects: This study aimed to compare the muscle strength and ratio differences of the ankle invertor and evertor muscles in both the toe and ankle positions between the CAI and uninjured sides in Taekwondo athletes. Methods: Fifteen Taekwondo athletes participated in this study. The isometric strengths of both the ankle invertor and evertor were determined in different ankle and toe positions (dorsiflexion with toe extension, dorsiflexion with toe flexion, plantarflexion with toe extension, and plantarflexion with toe flexion). Paired t-tests were used to determine the differences between the ankle invertor and evertor in strength and ratio according to toe and ankle positions between the ankle CAI side and the uninjured side. Results: The results demonstrated that ankle evertor strength significantly decreased in all ankle and toe positions on the CAI side (p < 0.05). In addition, significant differences were observed in the ratios of the ankle invertor and evertor strengths in the dorsiflexion with toe flexion, plantarflexion with toe extension, and plantarflexion with toe flexion positions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that athletes, trainers, and clinicians should consider ankle and toe positions when measuring invertor and evertor strength and develop ankle rehabilitation protocols for Taekwondo athletes with CAI.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 2024

Background: The peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) function as the primary muscles of eversion, a movement closely associated with tibial external rotation for ankle mortise stability. Ankle motion and tibial rotation vary based on different ankle and knee positions. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the PL, PB, and biceps femoris (BF) muscle activation and eversion strength during side-lying isometric eversion exercise based on different ankle positions (neutral [N] and plantarflexion [PF]) and knee positions (90° flexion [KF] and extension [KE]). Methods: Thirty healthy adults with an Ankle Joint Functional Assessment Tool score of ≥ 22 were recruited (mean age = 24.8 ± 3.1 years). Maximal isometric eversion strength and submaximal muscle activation of the PL, PB and BF were measured during isometric eversion exercise in side-lying. A 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to investigate differences in muscle activation and strength. Results: The PL and PB muscle activation showed significant main effects with the knee and ankle positions (p < 0.05); activation was greater in the KE and PF positions than in the KF and N positions. The BF muscle activation showed a significant interaction effect with knee and ankle positions, which was greater in knee extension and ankle plantarflexed (KEPF) position than in knee flexion and ankle plantarflexed (KFPF) position (p < 0.05). Eversion strength showed a significant main effect only in ankle position (p < 0.05) and was greater in the N position than in the PF position. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the KEPF position can be recommended to facilitate contraction of the PL and PB during side-lying eversion exercise. Furthermore, the effects of the knee-ankle positions should be considered for measuring ankle eversion strength and implementing the isometric submaximal side-lying eversion exercise.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.365-372
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• 2001

This paper has been presented the hydrodynamic effect by the journal speed, eccentricity and source positions in order to overcome the defects of air bearing such as low stiffness and damping coefficient. Choosing the two row source position of air bearing is different from existed investigations in the side of pressure distribution of air film because of the high speed of journal and the wedge effects by the eccentricity. These optimal chooses of the two row source positions enable us to improve the performance of the film reaction force and loading force as making the high speed spindle. In this paper, The pressure behavior in theory of air film according to the eccentricity of journal and the source positions analyzed. The results of investigated characteristics may be applied to precision devices like ultra-precision grinding machine and ultra high speed milling.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.34D no.10
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• pp.68-76
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• 1997

In this paper, design parameters of rapid thermal processing(RTP) to minimize the wafer temperature uniformity errors are proposed. Lamp ring positions and the wafer height are important parameters for wafer temperature uniformity in RTP. We propose the method to seek lamp ring positions and the wafer gheight for optimal temperature uniformity. The proposed method is applied to seek optimal lamp ring positions and the wafer feight of 8 inch wafer. To seek the optimal lamp ring positions and the wafer height, we vary lamp ring positions and the wafer height and then formulate the wafer temperature uniformity problem to the linear programming problem. Finally, it is shown that the wafer temperature uniformity in RTP designed by optimal problem. Finally, it is hsown that the wafer temperature uniformity is RTP designed by optimal parameters is improved to comparing with RTP designed by the other method.