• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2008.12a
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• pp.15.2-15.2
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• 2008

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.159-170
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• 2019

The paper aims to understand the mediating effect of Country Image (CI) on the relationship between consumer cosmopolitanism and consumers' purchase, visit and investment intentions towards a foreign country, considering the moderating effects of ethnocentrism, materialism, product familiarity, and visits to a country in a global market. The study extends research on the global and local consumption by simultaneously analysing the influence of country image dimensions and several moderating effects on consumers' behavioural intentions. Four hundred and fifty-seven valid responses from international consumers were collected through a questionnaire measuring country image dimensions. Findings indicate that cosmopolitanism has a significant and positive effect on foreign consumers' behavioural intentions and country image dimensions mediate this relationship. Moreover, a moderating effect was found for ethnocentrism, materialism, product familiarity, and visits to a country on the relationship between country cognitions and the intentions to visit the country. This study shows the importance of considering cosmopolitanism as a potential segmentation variable in international markets. The results can help managers and policymakers to better understand the image that foreign consumers hold about Portugal, their intentions to buy or invest in the country, as well as to think of Portugal as a tourism destination.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.51-63
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• 2018

The study aims to articulate a definition of luxury brands, to propose a framework for consumer luxury brand relationships and to provide empirical evidence of the proposed model. The study conducted two surveys in Portugal and the United States in 2009 and 2013 for selected luxury brands. The study employs factor analysis and structural equation modelling techniques to test the hypotheses. The study finds a link between luxury products and consumer's psychological association represents in a hierarchical order of: cognitive attributes at its base level, extrinsic attributes on a secondary level and intrinsic attributes at the advance level. The findings suggest a concept for luxury brands from three dimensions of: luxury product characteristics, consumer's psychological characteristics, and consumer's psychological association with the luxury product. The research was conducted in Portugal and the United States so that there is always a potential criticism concerning the ability to generalize research results to a broader international population. The findings provide a holistic perspective in the understanding of luxury brand constructs and a definition of luxury brands in the way why consumers involve symbolic consumption. The successful application of the findings in a brand setting would be of particular interest to marketers and brand strategists.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.528-534
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• 2021

Purpose: Living-donor liver transplant emerged as an alternative treatment for end stage liver disease due to the lack of cadaveric organs availability that met the demand. In Portugal, pediatric living-donor liver transplant (P-LDLT) was initiated in 2001 in Portugal in order to compensate for the scarcity of cadaveric organs for such cases. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the morbi-mortality of the 28 donors included in P-LDLT program performed at Coimbra's Pediatric Hospital (CHUC), a Portuguese reference center. Methods: We retrospectively collected pertinent donor data and stratified complications according to Clavien's scoring system. Results: In total, 28.6% (n=8) of the donors had surgical complications. According to Clavien-Dindo's classification, two donors had major complications (Clavien grade ≥3), four donors had grade 2 complications, and two donors had grade 1 complications. There were no P-LDLT-related mortalities in the present case series. The most common verified complications were biliary tract injuries and superficial incisional infections, which are consistent with the complications reported in worldwide series. Conclusion: These patients from CHUC shows that donor hepatectomy in P-LDLT is a safe procedure, with low morbidity and without mortality.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.43-57
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• 2008

Organic farming including organic livestock farming in EU has been extended since the latter half of the 19th century. Especially, the organic farming area of Italy, Spain, Germany and U.K. is extensive compared to other EU countries. And organic farming area has been extended rapidly in Portugal and Greece. EU will have an influence on many countries' organic farming on the history and world agriculture. If FTA reaches between Korea and EU, livestock products like ham or sausage will be imported a great deal from EU. So Korea has to establish countermeasures to livestock products export strategies of EU.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11b
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• pp.290-292
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• 2004

Generally, there are two types of regulation strategies for encouraging renewable energies ; regulation by quantity and price. With examples of quantity regulation, there RPS (Renewable portfolio standard) system in United States America, Renewable obligation in England, and MRET system in Australia. Countries that chose the price regulation are Germany, Spain, France, Portugal. This Paper overviews the current trends of regulation system on policies for renewable energies in foreign countries on these days.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-170
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• 2005

The combination of multiple antennas and multi-carrier code division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) is a strong candidate for the downlink of the next generation mobile communications. The study of such systems in scenarios that model real-life trans-missions is an additional step towards an optimized achievement. We consider a realistic MIMO channel with two or four transmit antennas and up to two receive antennas, and channel state information (CSI) mismatches. Depending on the mobile terminal (MT) class, its number of antennas or complexity allowed, different data-rates are proposed with turbo-coding and asymptotic spectral efficiencies from 1 to 4.5 bit/s/Hz, using three algorithms developed within the European IST-MATRICE project. These algorithms can be classified according to the degree of CSI at base-station (BS): i) Transmit space-frequency prefiltering based on constrained zero-forcing algorithm with complete CSI at BS; ii) transmit beamforming based on spatial correlation matrix estimation from partial CSI at BS; iii) orthogonal space-time block coding based on Alamouti scheme without CSI at BS. All presented schemes require a reasonable complexity at MT, and are compatible with a single-antenna receiver. A choice between these algorithms is proposed in order to significantly improve the performance of MC-CDMA and to cover the different environments considered for the next generation cellular systems. For beyond-3G, we propose prefiltering for indoor and pedestrian microcell environments, beamforming for suburban macrocells including high-speed train, and space-time coding for urban conditions with moderate to high speeds.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.34-41
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develope a prototypical unit design for the Information Resource Center(IRC) for K-12 schools in Korea. Literature from various sources were examined. A survey was administered to sixty-three elementary and middle schools in Korea. A case study was conducted to two elementary schools in Korea and one elementary school in Portugal. Design standards and prototypical unit design for the IRC were developed applicable to existing K-12 schools in Korea. The prototypical unit design suggested in this study optimize the needs of the students, teachers, and neighborhoods for the space of information, reading, consultation, graphic production, and group activities. The results of this study indicated that there needs consistent government educational policies, increased financial investment on computers and supporting media facilities, and partnership with the design professionals.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2015

Every year governments spend their national budget on public health in order to reduce financial burden of individuals on health. Although it has been widely believed that the increase of public expenditure on health decreases private health expenditure, it has not been proved by analysis with real data. For better understanding, we conducted an empirical study on the real data of 17 OECD countries-Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The panel Granger-causality test is used to verify the cause-and-effect relationship between the two expenditures. As a result, public expenditure on health has a 3 to 4 year-lagged negative effect on private health expenditure in the cases of the 16 countries except for the United States.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.811-828
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• 2016

This study aims to present nonlinear time history analysis results of double leaf cavity wall (DLCW) reinforced concrete structure exposed to shake table tests. Simulation of the model was done by a Finite Element (FE) program. Shake table experiment was performed at the National Civil Engineering Laboratory in Lisbon, Portugal. The results of the experiment were compared with numeric DLCW model and numeric model of reinforced concrete structure with unreinforced masonry wall (URM). Both DLCW and URM models have two bays and two stories. Dimensions of the tested structure and finite element models are 1:1.5 scaled according to Cauchy Froude similitude law. The URM model has no experimental results but the purpose is to compare their performance level with the DLCW model. Results of the analysis were compared with experimental response and were evaluated according to ASCE/SEI 41-06 code.