• 항공우주기술
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2002

3단형 과학로켓의 주엔진 추진제의 분사균일성에 대하여 수치해석을 수행하고 설계 개선안을 도출하였다. 분사기 유로는 동일한 압력강하를 가지는 다공성 매질로 처리하였다. 산화제와 연료 모두 공급 유로의 반대쪽에서 분사속도가 높은 것으로 예측되었으며 이는 유동정체에 따른 정압 상승에 기인한다. 산화제 매니폴드 내부의 수직분리판에 유로를 구성함으로써 매니폴드 중심과 외곽에서의 분사균일성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 산화제 공급유로가 경사를 가지더라도 분사균일성과 압력손실에 미치는 영향은 거의 없었다. 또한 산화제/ 연료에 대한 분사속도로부터 혼합비의 분포를 예측하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.959-965
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• 2024

The High Temperature Test Unit (HTTU) was an experimental set-up to conduct separate and integral effects tests of the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) core. The annular core consisted of a randomly packed bed of uniform spheres. Natural convection tests using both nitrogen and helium, and forced convection tests using nitrogen, were conducted. The maximum material temperature achieved during forced convection testing was 1200 ℃. This paper presents the numerical analysis of the flow and temperature distribution for a forced convection test using 3D CFD as well as a 1D systems-CFD computer code. Several modelling approaches are possible, ranging from a fully explicit to a semi-implicit method that relies on correlations of their associated phenomena. For the comparison between codes, the analysis was performed using a porous media approach, where the conduction and radiative heat transfer were lumped together as an effective thermal conductivity and the convective heat transfer was correlated between the solid and gas phases. The results from both codes were validated against the experimental measurements. Favourable results were obtained, in particular by the systems-CFD code with minimal computational and time requirements.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.659-664
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• 2016

In order to resolve the AAEM species migration routes and the interaction relationship between biochar structure and AAEM species during biomass pyrolysis, experiments were performed in an entrained flow reactor with $N_2$ at $500{\sim}900^{\circ}C$. ICP-AES, XPS and SEM-EDX were used to examine content and distribution of AAEM species and the physicochemical structures of biochar. The results show that at $500{\sim}700^{\circ}C$, the precipitation rate of AAEM species is relatively high. At high temperature (>$700^{\circ}C$), the AAEM species continue to migrate from interior to exterior, but little precipitation from biochar surface. And the migration of AAEM species is mainly realized by the C-O bond as the carrier medium. The AAEM species on biochar surface are mainly Na, Mg and Ca (<$700^{\circ}C$), while changing to K, Mg and Ca (${\geq}700^{\circ}C$). From $500^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$, the biochar particle morphology gradually changes from fibers to porous structures, finally to molten particles. At $700{\sim}900^{\circ}C$, Ca element is obviously enriched on the molten edge of the biochar porous structures.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집(수송기계편)
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• pp.190-193
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• 2005

The air filter in engine intake system filters the dirt in the breathing air but also it attenuates the noise although the phenomenon has been regarded negligible. For the analysis of the acoustical performance of air filter, an acoustical model is suggested in this paper. The air filter consists of a porous filter element, which catches the particulate dirt, and a plastic filter box, which supports the filter element. Fibrous structure of the filter element is modeled as a micro-perforated panel using the flow resistivity and porosity. The pleated geometry of the filter element is modeled as two coupled ducts and a mathematical model is developed for the analysis of sound propagation. The filter box Is modeled as a rigid rectangular box. By combining two models, a 4-pole transfer matrix for the air filter is derived. The transmission loss calculated using the transfer matrix of the suggested model is compared with the measured data. Reasonably good agreement is observed. The result can be improved by considering the visco-thermal effect in modeling, in particular at a frequency range near the troughs of TL curve.

• 한국공간구조학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간구조학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 제3권1호(통권3호)
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• pp.91-101
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• 2006

We have conducted the study about the shelter effect against the wind by using the wind fence with various porosities and the measured distance from the wind fence, in three different types of it ; (Circle wind fence, Vertical wind fence, Horizontal wind fence) The shelter effect and turbulence characteristics of the selected wind barrier is throughly investigated by wind tunnel test. flow characteristics of velocities and turbulences behind wind fence were measured using hot-wire anemometer. we characterize the turbulence behind the wind fence by varying the porosity of 0 %, 20 %, 40%, and 60%, and the distances from the wind fence from 1 H to 9 H with maintaining the uniform flow velocity of 6 m/s. In addition, we investigated the overall characterization of the wind fence by measuring total of twenty eight points on the wind fence, which forms the lattice structure on it with seven points in lateral direction and four points in vertical direction. The results of analysis from the circle wind fence indicate that the degree of the turbulence is lowered and the velocity of the wind is decreased when the porosity of 40 % are used at the distance from 3 H to 9 H. On the other hand, the vertical, horizontal wind fence with the porosity of 20% is more advantageous at the distance of 2 H to 9 H. For the effectiveness of the wind fence depending on the position, the center part is the greatest and it decreases at the edges with 10 % to 30 % less than that of at the center.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2011

핀-휜 구조물이 삽입된 채널은 열전달이 향상되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 복잡한 핀-휜 구조물은 다공성 매체로 모사할 수 있을 만큼 매우 불규칙적인 유동을 보여준다. 본 연구는 수치해석을 통하여 핀-휜 구조물이 삽입된 채널의 열전달과 압력강하의 특성을 분석하였다. 유효유동공간비가 높고 직경이 큰 경우 실험데이터를 잘 예측 하였지만, 유효유동공간비가 낮은 경우 비교적 오차가 큰 편이었다. 유효유동 공간비가 낮을수록 유동교란이 강해져서 열전달이 증가하지만 압력강하도 증가하여 팬의 동력이 증가하기 때문에 최적점을 찾아서 설계하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 전면유속이 5m/s 일 때, D25 모델에서는 유효유동공간비가 0.5인 지점에서, D05 모델에서는 0.9에서 압력강하가 급격하게 늘어나기 때문에 이보다 더 작은 유효유동공간비에서의 작동은 바람직하지 않다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.452-457
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• 2002

Titanium oxide films were prepared by RF reactive magnetron sputtering. The effect of sputtering conditions on structural and optical properties was investigated systemically as a function of sputtering pressure(5~20 mTorr) and $O_2/Ar$ flow ratio(0.08~0.4). The results of the X-ray diffraction showed that all films had only the anatase $TiO_2$ phase. At low sputtering pressure and $O_2/Ar$ flow ratio, the films had preferred orientations along [101] and [200] directions. As the sputtering pressure and $O_2/Ar$ flow ratio increased, the intensity of the 101 and 200 diffraction peaks decreased gradually. The microstructure of the sputtered films showed the fine grain size (20nm~50nm) and columnar microcrystals perpendicular to the substrate. With increasing the sputtering pressure and decreasing $O_2/Ar$ flow ratio, the sputtered films showed the more porous columnar structure. XPS analysis showed that stoichiometric $TiO_2$ films were deposited at 7 mTorr sputtering pressure and 0.2 $O_2/Ar$ flow ratio. The results of the X-ray diffraction showed that all films had only the anatase $TiO_2$ phase. Ellipsometeric analysis showed that the refractive index increased from 2.32 to 2.46 as the sputtering pressure decreased. The packing density calculated using the refractive index varied from 0.923 to 0.976, indicating that $TiO_2$films became denser as the sputtering pressure decreased.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 1990

포화상태인 물질의 역학적, 수리학적 거동을 연구할 수 있는 유한요소법적 수치해석모델을 개발하여 부산 남항 인근해역의 미고결 퇴적물의 거동을 분석하였다. 하중재하에 의한 상부세립 퇴적물의 역학적 변형은 공극수의 확산에 따른 공극수압의 수리학적 변화에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 하중이 일정지역에 편재되어 있을 경우 포아송효과 및 과잉공극수압의 영향에 의해 하중을 직접 받지 않는 표층부분이 융기되며, 하중경계지역에서 멀어질수록 점근적으로 증가한다. 세립점토층에 비해 높은 투수성을 갖는 하부 모래층은 공극수확산의 통로역할을 하여 과잉공극수압의 소멸을 촉진시키며, 결과적으로 상부점토층 변형의 시간적 변화에도 영향을 끼친다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.559-570
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• 2004

A computational fluid dynamics model for predicting moderator circulation inside the Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) reactor vessel has been developed to estimate the local subcooling of the moderator in the vicinity of the calandria tubes. The buoyancy effect induced by the internal heating is accounted for by the Boussinesq approximation. The standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model with logarithmic wall treatment is applied to predict the turbulent jet flows from the inlet nozzles. The matrix of the calandria tubes in the core region is simplified to a porous media in which the anisotropic hydraulic impedance is modeled using an empirical correlation of pressure loss. The governing equations are solved by DFX-4.4, a commercial CFD code developed by AEA technology. The resultant flow patterns of the constant-z slices containing the inlet nozzles and the outlet port are "mined-type", as observed in the former 2-dimensional experimental investigations. With 103% full power for conservatism, the maximum temperature of the moderator is $82.9^{\circ}C$ at the top of the core region. Considering the hydrostatic pressure change, the minimum subcooling is $24.8^{\circ}C$.

• 물과 미래
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1994

Richards식을 해석하려면 토양의 수리특성인 물보유함수와 비포화투수계수에 대한 자료가 필요하다. SCS에서 구분한 토양군중 A, B, C에 해당한다고 판단되는 토양시료를 채취하여 각 토양군별로 본 연구에서 개발한 장치를 이용하여 물보유함수를 측정하였고, 또한 정수두법으로 포화투수계수를 측정하였다. 각 토양군을 대표할 수 있는 하나의 물보유함수와 비포화투수계수를 산정하기 위하여 van Genuchten의 물보유함수와 Mualem의 투수계수예측모형을 이용하였다. 각 토양군별로 실측된 자료를 이용하여 van Genuchten식의 매개변수를 추정한 값을 제시하였고, 그와 같은 자료는 미실측지역에서 비포화흐름을 해석하고자할 때 하나의 기준으로 사용될 수 있다.