• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2017

Porcine parvovirus, Erysipelothrix (E.) rhusiopathiae, and Leptospira (L.) interrogans are considered major etiologic agents of reproductive failure in pigs, causing economic loss in the swine industry. In this study, the safety and immunogenicity of a new octavalent inactivated vaccine were evaluated. The vaccine contained inactivated porcine parvovirus, E. rhusiopathiae, and six L. interrogans serovars (Bratislava, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona). Safety test results showed no notable side effects or clinical signs after vaccination in mice, guinea pigs, and sows. In addition, we assessed immunogenicity of the vaccine in 25 sows under field conditions. The vaccinated group (n = 20) had a significantly higher antibody level than the non-vaccinated group (n = 5). Moreover, the stillbirth rate decreased in piglets born from vaccinated sows, resulting in an increased fertility rate. The results of this study demonstrate that the new octavalent inactivated vaccine can be applied safely and effectively to improve reproductive performance in sows.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2014

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and causes a considerable economic loss in swine industry. In this study, the virucidal efficacy of the disinfectant composed to n-alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride (n-ADBAC) was investigated against PEDV. A virucidal efficacy was determined with the viability of PEDV contacted with the disinfectant in Vero cells. The disinfectant and PEDV were reacted on the hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) condition. On HW condition, PEDV was inactivated with 50 fold dilutions of the disinfectant. When the antiviral effect on OM condition was evaluated, the antiviral activity of the disinfectant showed on 10 fold dilutions against PEDV. As the disinfectant possesses the virucidal efficacy against PEDV, the disinfectant solution can be used to limit the spread of animal viral diseases.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4_spc
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• pp.786-793
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• 2024

Latin America is a culturally, geographically, politically, and economically diverse region. Agriculture in Latin America is marked by a remarkable diversity of production systems, reflecting various agroecological zones, farm sizes, and technological levels. In the last decade, the swine industry increased by 30.6%, emerging as a great contributor to food security and economic development in Latin America. Brazil and Mexico dominate the pig production landscape, together accounting for 70% of sow inventory in the region. The swine industry in Latin America is predominantly comprised of small and medium-sized farms, however, in the past 30 years, the number of pig producers in Brazil dropped by 78%, whereas pork production increased by 326%. Similar to the global pork industry, the growing demand for pork, driven by population growth and changing dietary habits, presents an opportunity for the industry with an expected growth of 16% over the next decade. The export prospects are promising, however subject to potential disruptions from global market conditions and shifts in trade policies. Among the challenges faced by the swine industry, disease outbreaks, particularly African Swine Fever (ASF), present significant threats, necessitating enhanced biosecurity and surveillance systems. In 2023, ASF was reported to the Dominican Republic and Haiti, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Mexico, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Venezuela, and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) in Mexico, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Ecuador. Additionally, feed costs, supply chain disruptions, and energy expenses have affected mainly the smaller and less efficient producers. The swine industry is also transitioning towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, including efficient feed usage, and precision farming. Ensuring long-term success in the swine industry in Latin America requires a holistic approach that prioritizes sustainability, animal welfare, and consumer preferences, ultimately positioning the industry to thrive in the evolving global market.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2015

Preservation of liquid semen is an important factor for breeding management in swine industry. Oxidative stress of spermatozoa during liquid preservation has a detrimental effect on sperm quality and decreases fertility. Objective of this study was to determine the effect of antioxidant, Quercetin, on capability of porcine liquid semen preservation. Freshly collected porcine semen from boars (n=3), having proven fertility was counted, diluted to $3{\times}10^7/mL$ and divided into 5 different semen extenders. Aliquots of diluted semen with different extenders were subjected to measure the pH, motility, viability and sperm DNA structure status on elapse time after preservation for 10 days. For the first 3 days, semen preserved in all 5 different extenders maintained their initial pH and either gradually decreased or increased thereafter, indicating lipid peroxidation has started. Sperm motility (r=0.52, p=0.01) and viability (r=0.55, p=0.03) had positive correlation with semen pH. Sperm motility was maintained well (p<0.05) in especially 2 extenders containing Tris and antioxidant compared to other extenders, suggesting both Tris and antioxidant worked as pH regulator and had beneficial effects on sperm characteristic during preservation. Sperm DNA structure status accessed by sperm chromatin structure assay on elapsed time after preservation, tended to be higher in semen preserved without antioxidant. Taken together, addition of antioxidant to extender prevents the sperm from oxidative stress during storage in mechanism by which antioxidant slows the lipid peroxidation, and thus reduced the reactive oxygen species in preserved porcine semen resulted in maintaining semen pH, sperm motility and viability for 7~10 days.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2013

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) continues to be a significant economic problem to the swine industry. In order to elucidate the etiology of PRDC including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), Pasteurella multocida (PM) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) in Namwon, the 455 lung samples were randomly collected from slaughtered pigs, examined gross lesions indicative of respiratory disease of lung and classified the lung lesion according to the severity of lung lesions. Two hundred pigs lung tissues with pneumonic lesions were examined for pathogen by PCR. As a result, the numbers of pneumonic lesions were 357 (78.5%), mean pneumonic score ($mean{\pm}SD$) was $2.03{\pm}0.90$ and the highest gross lesion according to stages was 1 (11~20%). In detection of pathogens, PCV2, PRRSV, SIV, MH, APP and PM were positive in 76.5%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, 4.5% and 6.0%, respectively and PCV2-MH was the most detected causative pathogens of PRDC in co-infection. In the serological test for PRRSV, PCV2, MH, APP2, APP5, HP and PM, showed high antibody positive rates 93% or more.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.538-542
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the toxicity of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from kefir toward MA104 cells and evaluate the inhibitory effects of kefir EPS on rotavirus infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus fermentum, L. acidophilus, L. brevis) and yeasts (Candida kefyr, Cryptococcus albidus, Pichia ohmeri) were isolated and identified from kefir grain and culture. At 1% EPS, the inhibitory effects of EPS on the infection of MA-104 cells using the MTT assay were $72.52{\pm}6.48%$ for human rotavirus (KU), $36.06{\pm}7.63%$ for bovine rotavirus (NCDV), and $81.66{\pm}1.11%$ for porcine rotavirus (OSU). At 1/128% EPS, the effects were $24.98{\pm}4.58%$ for human rotavirus (KU), $4.71{\pm}6.16%$ for bovine rotavirus (NCDV), and $4.05{\pm}14.90%$ forporcine rotavirus (OSU). EPS isolated from kefir have inhibitory effects on rotaviruses of various serotypes and rotaviruses from different animals.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2001

Swine sera collected from January to December 2000 were tested for the survey on transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE) infection in Gyeongbuk province. Serum neutralization(SN) test was peformed in finishing pigs of 50 pigs industry without clinical signs of TGE and sows, gilts and growing pigs of four pigs industry with TGE. As the results of SN test in fifty industry, antibody titers of 90.6%(474/523 samples) showed below 4. Antibody titers of them showed highly in two pigs industry of western region and three pigs industry of southern region of Gyeongbuk province. The results indicated that TGE had been occurred before in five pigs industry. Most of antibody titers showed of highly in four pigs industry having had TGE. There were no significant differences of the antibody titers of TGE according to age when the survey was made. The above results indicated that the pigs of Gyeongbuk province were not almost exposed in porcine respiratory coronavirus(PRCV) by present.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2011

The prevention of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is very important because of its high infection-rates in the swine farms and the economic impact in swne industry in Korea. To control the prevalence of PRDC, it is important to know about infection patterns of it. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the infection patterns of PRDC in the northern area of Gyeongsangnam-do. To this end, the infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), and Swine influenza virus (SIV) were examined using 120 pig lung tissues by PCR analysis. As a result, single pathogen positive specimens were 25.0% and the others (75.0%) were turned out to be PRDC with at least two pathogens. Among PRDCs, 50 specimens (41.7%) was infected with PRRSV, PCV2, MH and SIV. Ten specimens (8.3%) showed triple infections of PRRSV, PCV2 and MH. Double infected specimens for PRRSV and PCV2 were 10 (8.3%), and for PCV2 and APP were 20 (16.7%).

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8.1-8.11
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• 2021

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important infectious pathogen implicated in porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), which has caused significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Objectives: A suitable viral vector-mediated gene transfer platform for the expression of the capsid protein (Cap) is an attractive strategy. Methods: In the present study, a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (rAAV8) vector was constructed to encode Cap (Cap-rAAV) in vitro and in vivo after gene transfer. Results: The obtained results showed that Cap could be expressed in HEK293T cells and BABL/c mice. The results of lymphocytes proliferative, as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2a and interferon-γ showed strong cellular immune responses induced by Cap-rAAV. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers obtained and the IgG1 and interleukin-4 levels showed that humoral immune responses were also induced by Cap-rAAV. Altogether, these results demonstrated that the rAAV8 vaccine Cap-rAAV can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses, indicating a potential rAAV8 vaccine against PCV2. Conclusions: The injection of rAAV8 encoding PCV2 Cap genes into muscle tissue can ensure long-term, continuous, and systemic expression.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2021

Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of a porcine pleuropneumonia and have great economic importance to the global swine industry. For recent 5 years, a total of 50 pleuropneumonia cases of 24 pig farms were selected from pig lungs submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Collected lungs were fixed in 10% neutral phosphate-buffered formalin and processed for histological examination. Serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae in pneumonic lesions were analyzed by PCR methods. And the antimicrobial susceptibility of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates was determined by a disc diffusion test. Grossly, unilateral distribution of hemorrhagic or necrotic pneumonic lesions was more common than bilateral distribution in lungs. In peracute or acute cases, histopathologic changes were characterized by necrosis, hemorrhage, neutrophils infiltration, vascular thrombosis, widespread edema and fibrinous exudates. Following the acute response, macrophage infiltration, marked fibrosis around zonal necrotic areas, and marked fibrous pleuritis were characteristic in chronic cases. A total of 50 pleuropneumonia were associated with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 in 46 cases (92%), serotype 2 in 3 cases (6%), and both 2 and 5 in 1 case (2%). More than 90% of collected isolates showed high sensitivity to ceftiofur, amoxicillin, and colistin. However, ampicillin, penicillin, and tylosin showed low susceptibility. The results of this study demonstrated that A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 was predominant at porcine pleuropneumonia cases in Jeju.