• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2013

Objectives: In Korea, the proportion of deaths due to alcohol is estimated at 8.9%, far exceeding the global estimate of 3.8%. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the factors associated with low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk drinking patterns in Korean adults and to identify target populations for prevention and control of alcohol-related diseases and deaths. Methods: We analyzed data from 230 715 Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2009 Korean Community Health Survey. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between socio-demographic and health-related factors and patterns of alcohol use. Results: A substantially larger proportion of men than women engaged in high risk (21.2% vs. 3.4%) and moderate-risk alcohol use (15.5% vs. 8.2%). In both sexes, moderate- and high-risk uses were associated with younger age, higher income, being currently employed, smoking, being overweight/obese, and good self-rated health. Conclusions: Given the large proportion of the population that is engaging in moderate- and high-risk drinking and given the social norms that support this behavior, public health policies and campaigns to reduce alcohol consumption targeting the entire population are indicated.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.535-543
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• 2019

Objectives: Internal exposure to certain heavy metals is thought to be associated with periodontitis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between blood levels of heavy metals and periodontitis among the Korean population. Methods: Data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed. A total of 1,968 adults aged 19 years or above were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between blood lead levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury, and periodontitis. Confounders such as sex, age, brushing frequency, smoking, etc. were adjusted. Results: Blood levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury showed a significant relationship with periodontitis in a crude model of logistic regression analysis. However, participants with the highest blood levels of cadmium showed higher risk of periodontitis, than those with lower blood levels of cadmium (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.11-2.70) after adjusting for the confounders. Conclusions: High blood levels of cadmium may be associated with periodontitis among the Korean population.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제31권spc호
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• pp.563-576
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify personal factors, social factors, and environmental factors related to physical activity in older adults in urban and non-urban areas. Methods: We used source data from the 2017 Community Health Survey. The subjects of this study included some older adults aged 65 and over, and analyzed the data of 23,043 older adults living in the urban and 34,063 older adults living in the non-urban area. Results: The common factors influencing physical activity in older adults by region include current smoking and drinking, BMI, sleep duration, and subjective health status, help with neighbors, frequency of meeting with neighbors and friends, participation in social and leisure activities, and falls experience (p<.001). However, the living environment, public transport satisfaction, and medical service use significantly associated with physical activity for only older adults living in the urban area (p<.001). Conclusion: In order to improve physical activity in older adults in the community, it is necessary to consider not only the improvement of individual factors that practice health behaviors but also health promotion strategies that take into account social and environmental factors because there are environmental differences among regions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to apply Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis with Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) and translate the effect of Spiritual Marketing and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Sustainable Competitive Advantage with Marketing Capabilities as Mediation, especially for General BBM marketing at PT. Pertamina (Persero). The quantitative approach in this study uses a survey method by taking samples from the population. The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to respondents. Data analysis was performed using SEM and analyzed using the GSCA model. The population of this study consisted of 3,207 workers in central and regional marketing offices (Marketing Operation Region (MOR) spread throughout Indonesia. Therefore, a sample of 356 respondents was taken according to the Slovin formula. Spiritual marketing and entrepreneurial orientation directly influence the ability to improve Innovation which directly influences sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, to develop a sustainable competitive advantage in marketing Pertamina's General BBM, it is necessary to implement spiritual marketing and improve entrepreneurial orientation. The novelty in this study lies in the unprecedented research on the role and position of spiritual marketing towards marketing capabilities and sustainable competitive advantage, combined with entrepreneurial orientation variables.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1189-1200
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• 2021

This study examines the role of perceived enjoyment, self-efficacy, and subjective norms as determinants of behavioral intention to use the OVO application. This study's target population is the users of the OVO application who have used it as an electronic transaction. This study's population was the OVO application users as an electronic transaction tool in Jember Regency. Samples were randomly selected at the time of the survey with specific criteria. The survey location is determined at the Plaza because it is a shopping center that mostly has payments at OVO partner merchants. The model empirically tested using data gathered from 150 respondents of OVO users. The research model was tested by using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The results showed that all constructs in the original TAM model were statistically significant. Subjective norm has a positive effect on perceived usefulness, and perceived enjoyment positively affects perceived ease of use of OVO applications. On the other hand, applications' self-efficacy does not affect the perceived ease of using OVO applications for electronic transactions. This condition shows that subjective norms are dominant external individual perspectives compared to self-efficacy, which are personal internal characteristics in determining the behavioral intention of using OVO applications in electronic transactions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2021

This research aimed to investigate the key factors affecting student satisfaction and loyalty in selected private universities in Cambodia. The study implemented a quantitative survey designed and guided by seven hypotheses to test the causal relationships among variables, such as academic experience, faculty services, campus life, social integration, student support facilities, student satisfaction, university image, and student loyalty. The research applied a multi-stage sampling technique of probability procedures to guarantee the presence of the research population. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were applied for data analysis to test the hypotheses model. The collected survey totaled 543 from three universities. The purposive sampling methods were used to select the three target universities, based on their reputation, the number of students, year of establishment, and the recognition from the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport. The stratified random sampling method was employed to select target respondents for data collection by dividing the population into subgroups to ensure a random sample. The results showed that student support facilities, campus life, and social integration, faculty services, and university image play very important roles in the satisfaction and loyalty of the students in three universities.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2021

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of low physical activity (PA) in Peruvian adults and to identify associated factors. Methods: An analytical study was performed using data from the 2017-2018 Nutritional Food Surveillance by Life Stages survey. The outcome variable was low PA (yes or no), assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form. Prevalence ratios were estimated as a measure of association. Results: Among the 1045 persons included in the analysis, the age-standardized prevalence of low PA was 61.9%. The adjusted model showed that being female and migrating from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher probability of having low PA than males and individuals who had not migrated, while residing in rural highlands and jungle areas was associated with a reduced probability of having low PA compared to people residing in other geographic domains. Conclusions: Being a female and migration from a rural to an urban area in the last 5 years were associated with a higher likelihood of having low PA. Therefore, promotion and prevention strategies related to PA are required, especially in the female and migrant populations.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.387-402
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• 2009

In this paper we have considered the problem of estimating the population mean $\bar{Y}$ of the study variable y using auxiliary information in presence of non-response. Classes of estimators for $\bar{Y}$ in the presence of non-response on the study variable y only and complete response on the auxiliary variable x is available, have been proposed in different situations viz., (i) population mean $\bar{X}$ is known, (ii) when population mean $\bar{X}$ and variance $S^2_x$ are known; (iii) when population mean $\bar{X}$ is not known: and (iv) when both population mean $\bar{X}$ and variance $S^2_x$ are not known: single and two-phase (or double) sampling. It has been shown that various estimators including usual unbiased estimator and the estimators reported by Rao (1986), Khare and Srivastava (1993, 1995) and Tabasum and Khan (2006) are members of the proposed classes of estimators. The optimum values of the first phase sample size n', second phase sample size n and the sub sampling fraction 1/k have been obtained for the fixed cost and the fixed precision. To illustrate foregoing, we have carried out an empirical investigation to reflect the relative performance of all the potentially competing estimators including the one due to Hansen and Hurwitz (1946) estimator, Rao (1986) estimator, Khare and Srivastava (1993, 1995) and Tabasum and Khan (2006) estimator.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3799-3804
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• 2013

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Malaysia. The prognosis of the disease is excellent if detected at an early stage, but the majority of Malaysian patients present at late stages. We aimed to assess the awareness of cancer warning signs and anticipated delay in help-seeking as possible contributors to this phenomenon. Materials and Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey using the Colorectal Cancer Awareness Measure was initiated in Perak, Malaysia. A total of 2,379 respondents aged 18 years and above were recruited using a multi-stage sampling in five locations. Analysis of covariance was used to examine independent sociodemographic predictors of scores for symptom awareness. Results: Younger age, being female, a higher education, and higher income were significantly associated with better scores for both recall and recognition of warning symptoms. Among the ethnic groups, Malays had better recognition of symptoms whereas Chinese recalled the most symptoms. Passing bloody stool was associated with the least anticipated delay and unexplained anal pain had the highest anticipated delay. Conclusions: The level of awareness across all ethnicities in Malaysia is generally low, especially among minorities. Targeted public education, which is culturally and linguistically appropriate, should be developed to encourage early help-seeking and improve clinical outcomes.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

본고에서 적용한 유전자 알고리즘(GenAlg)은 다윈의 유전적 진화이론에 기반한 적정해 탐색기법으로써 공간연구에 있어서도 다양한 응용연구가 선행된 바 있다. 본 연구는 최근 신도시 개발과 함께 택지개발사업 등이 활발히 진행되고 있는 화성시 동부권을 사례대상지로 GIS 툴을 이용하여 격자인구자료를 구축하고 자연환경변수와 함께 개발 촉진형 및 규제형 용도지역지구 지정현황 등 주요 인구동태 결정요인에 관한 공간정보를 구축한 다음 GenAlg 모형을 추정하고 이를 동일 설명변수를 사용한 회귀분석 결과와 비교해 봄으로써 GenAlg기법의 유용성을 정량적으로 비교분석해 보았다. 분석결과 회귀분석과 유사하게 설명변수들에 대해 비교적 일관되고 설득력 있는 계수 값들이 도출되었고 이로써 GenAlg모형은 적자생존의 유전학적 원리를 기반으로 도시현상과 관련한 제반 문제의 적정해를 찾는 유용한 학제적 탐색기법임을 확인할 수 있었다.