• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2024

Purpose: This study systematically analyzed the impact of aromatherapy on pain in individuals with diabetes. Methods: A search was performed in seven electronic databases based on the PICO-SD (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design) framework. The population (P) of interest was individuals with diabetes, and the intervention (I) included aromatherapy targeting pain reduction. The comparison (C) consisted of control groups that received no intervention, another intervention, or usual care. The outcome (O) measured was pain. The quality of the selected literature was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. In MIX 2.0 Pro, the pooled overall effect of pain was calculated using Hedge's g and a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was calculated using the Q statistic and Higgin's I2 values. Meta-regression and exclusion sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Five articles and seven studies were included, showing a significant pooled overall effect of aromatherapy on diabetes-related pain (Hedge's g = -1.83, 95% CI: -2.76 to -0.91). Meta-regression demonstrated that effectiveness in reducing pain was associated with studies conducted in West Asia, those with IRB approval, and those receiving funding. Additionally, interventions involving subjects under 60, lavender oil (vs. turpentine oil or blended oils), massage therapy (vs. topical application), fewer hours per session, and more repeated measurements (vs. pre/post measurements) were associated with pain reduction. Conclusion: Aromatherapy, especially with lavender oil, effectively manages diabetes-related pain. Short-duration massage application is also effective. A personalized selection of oil type and application method could optimize therapeutic outcomes for individuals with diabetes.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-6
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• 2012

Gastric cancer is the second cause of cancer that is related to death and the fourth most common cancer, worldwide. Complete resection of cancer is the only curative treatment for gastric cancer. However, even if complete resection is possible, recurrence is frequently observed in Gastric patients. Therefore, adjuvant treatment modality for resectable gastric cancer is needed to increase the survival of patients. This study wants to describe the role of adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer, with updated data of recent studies. Several meta-analysis studies demonstrated a benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer. Due to the heterogeneity of the population and regimens, there is no consensus regarding the adjuvant chemotherapy. Recently published, well designed phase III studies demonstrated the statistically significance of adjuvant chemotherapy for the resectable gastric cancer, with the extended lymph node dissection. Further phase III trials, to determine the best regimen and schedule of adjuvant chemotherapy, was suggested to use the fluoropyrimidine based regimen as control group.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.477-491
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• 1997

A new predictive classification rule for assigning future cases into one of two multivariate normal population (with unknown normal mixture model) is considered. The development involves calculation of posterior probability of each possible normal-mixture model via a default Bayesian test criterion, called intrinsic Bayes factor, and suggests predictive distribution for future cases to be classified that accounts for model uncertainty by weighting the effect of each model by its posterior probabiliy. In this paper, our interest is focused on constructing the classification rule that takes care of uncertainty about the types of covariance matrices (homogeneity/heterogeneity) involved in the model. For the constructed rule, a Monte Carlo simulation study demonstrates routine application and notes benefits over traditional predictive calssification rule by Geisser (1982).

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.318-327
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• 2005

Southern blot analysis revealed a ubiquitous distribution and high copy number of Ty3-gypsy-like elements in the genome of Hibiscus syriacus. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the large subunit of Rubisco and the integrase region of Ty3-gypsy elements in various plant species indicated that the retrotransposon-like sequences have different evolutionary histories and their own unique polymorphism in the H. syriacus population. Sequence-tagged site-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (STS-RFLP) analysis also indicated great variability in the numbers and sequences of Ty3-gypsy-like elements within H. syriacus varieties. Ty3-gypsy-like elements may still be active within H. syriacus, since Northern analysis of wounded leaves of H. syriacus variety Saehan with a probe for the integrase domain gave strong hybridization signals. The sequence heterogeneity and ubiquity of the Ty3-gypsy-like elements in H. syriacus genomes could provide reliable DNA markers for line identification as well for the analysis of genetic diversity in H. syriacus.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Understanding demand for travel websites can help hoteliers better evaluate their own multi-channel distribution and reputation management strategies. In this study, we estimated demand for eight major travel websites based on the user percentage in 3,120 U.S. counties. Results highlighted the importance of four types of factors: sociodemographic, economic, Internet use-related, and travel-related. Differences between websites were also compared based on estimated coefficients. For example, the demand for Expedia.com appeared to be driven by age, education background, income, and foreign travel history, whereas the demand for Hotels.com was driven by the proportion of the African American population and domestic travel history. Lastly, implications are provided.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-147
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• 2009

This research attempts to investigate differences in past experiences of using internet in repurchasing. In doing so, the authors identify online consumer characteristics, particularly one-time and repeat users comparison across geographical borders of Korean and Taiwanese teenage customers. Results show that there are significant differences in online shopping typologies between Korean and Taiwanese customers. While attitude serves as a distinguishing factor for both data sets along the other two dimensions, trust does not. Since researchers have focused on comparisons between Western cultures and Asian cultures' online purchase behavior or Internet use, the current study provides a valuable comparison for this niche population of young customers at least in a Korean-Taiwanese context. The authors also make a brief argument that these findings can influence marketing practitioners and site developers in their strategies.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2015

본 연구의 핵심적인 목적은 유동인구 분포의 공간 패턴의 영향요인 분석을 위한 공간회귀모형 적용의 효용성을 검토하는 것이다. 이를 위해 서울시 유동인구 조사 자료를 활용하여 조사지점별 유동인구의 전역적, 국지적 공간 자기상관 측정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 분석에 적용된 공간자기상관 측도인 Moran's I, Getis-Ord-$Gi^*$ 그리고 Local Moran's I 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 공간적 유사성과 이질성이 발견되었다. 이를 근거로 유동인구분포와 토지이용 특성과의 관계를 파악하기 위한 통계적 모형으로 공간회귀모형인 지리가중회귀모형(GWR : Geographically Weighted Regression, 이하 GWR)을 채택하였다. 모형의 설명변수로써 서울시 전체에 대한 400m*400m 격자망기반에 토지이용혼합도, 주거 밀도, 상점밀도, 녹지 밀도와, 추가적으로 각 격자별 버스노선밀도, 교차로 밀도, 교통 결절점 접근성, 평균 도로폭, 평균 보도넓이를 산출 및 집계 하였다. 동일한 방식으로 격자망에 집계된 유동인구 정보와 토지이용 및 교통 특성과의 GWR모형 결과를 Ordinary Least Square(OLS) 분석 결과와 비교한 결과 GWR모형의 주요 통계량 수치에서 개선된 결과를 도출하였다. 또한 구획된 격자망의 각 셀별로 도출된 GWR모형의 추론 결과를 검토한 결과 적용된 설명변수의 유동인구 분포에 대한 효과가 국지적으로 변동하는 양상을 파악할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1203-1208
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• 2012

Background: Previous studies concerning the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk in Asian populations generated conflicting results. A meta-analysis was therefore performed to allow a more reliable estimate of any link. Methods: Relevant studies concerning the association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of colorectal cancer were included into this meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was assessed according to a predefined scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for this gene-disease association using fixed or random effect models according to the heterogeneity between included studies. Results: Finally, 21 studies with a total of 6692 cases and 8266 controls were included. Meta-analyses showed that there was an obvious association of the MTHFR 677T allele with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.91, 95%CI=0.85-0.98, P=0.011). Subgroup analyses by country further identified this association, with dietary folate as the main source of heterogeneity. Conclusion: The MTHFR 677T allele is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in Asian populations, and there is effect modification by population plasma folate.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Background: Though the biomass of floral vegetation in understory plant communities in a forested ecosystem only accounts for less than 1% of the total biomass of a forest, they contain most of the floral resources of a forest. The diversity of understory honey plants determines visitation rate of pollinators such as honey bee (Apis mellifera) as they provide rich food resources. Since the flower visitation and foraging activity of pollinators lead to the provision of pollination service, it also means the enhancement of plant-pollinator relationship. Therefore, an appropriate management scheme for understory vegetation is essential in order to conserve pollinator population that is decreasing due to habitat destruction and disease infection. This research examined the diversity of understory honey plant and studied how it is related to environmental variables such as (1) canopy density, (2) horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height, (3) slope gradient, and (4) distance from roads. Vegetation survey data of 39 plots of mixed forests in Chuncheon, Korea, were used, and possible management practices for understory vegetation were suggested. Results: This study found that 113 species among 141 species of honey plant of the forests were classified as understory vegetation. Also, the understory honey plant diversity is significantly positively correlated with distance from the nearest road and horizontal heterogeneity of canopy surface height and negatively correlated with canopy density. Conclusions: The diversity of understory honey plant vegetation is correlated to vegetation structure and human impact. In order to enhance the diversity of understory honey plant, management of density and height of canopy is necessary. This study suggests that improved diversity of canopy cover through thinning of overstory vegetation can increase the diversity of understory honey plant species.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2020

Objectives: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the main public health challenges currently facing the world. Because of its high transmissibility, COVID-19 has already caused extensive morbidity and mortality in many countries throughout the world. An accurate estimation of the basic reproduction number (R₀) of COVID-19 would be beneficial for prevention programs. In light of discrepancies in original research on this issue, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled R₀ for COVID-19 in the current outbreak. Methods: International databases (including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched to identify studies conducted regarding the R₀ of COVID-19. Articles were searched using the following keywords: "COVID-19" and "basic reproduction number" or "R₀." The heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I² index, the Cochran Q test, and T². A random-effects model was used to estimate R₀ in this study. Results: The mean reported R₀ in the identified articles was 3.38±1.40, with a range of 1.90 to 6.49. According to the results of the random-effects model, the pooled R₀ for COVID-19 was estimated as 3.32 (95% confidence interval, 2.81 to 3.82). According to the results of the meta-regression analysis, the type of model used to estimate R₀ did not have a significant effect on heterogeneity among studies (p=0.81). Conclusions: Considering the estimated R₀ for COVID-19, reducing the number of contacts within the population is a necessary step to control the epidemic. The estimated overall R₀ was higher than the World Health Organization estimate.