• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.97-117
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the teachers' recognition on the optimization of the educational contents of Clothing & Textiles in subjects of :he Practical Arts or the Technology & Home Economics in the course of elementary, middle and high schools. The statistical data for this research were collected from 203 questionnaires of teachers who work on elementary, middle and high schools. Mean. standard deviation, percentage were calculated using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Also. these materials were verified by t-test, One-way ANOVA and post verification Duncan. The results were as follows; First, The equipment ratio of practice laboratory were about 24% and very poor in elementary schools but those of middle and high school were 97% and 78% each and higher than elementary schools. Second, More than 50% of teachers recognized the amount of learning 'proper'. The elementary school teachers recognized the mount of learning in 'operating sewing machines' too heavy especially, the same as middle school teachers in 'making shorts': the same as high school teachers in 'making tablecloth and curtain' and 'making pillow cover or bag'. Third, All of the elementary, middle and high school teachers recognized the levels of total contents of clothing and textiles 'common'. The 80% of elementary school teachers recognized 'operating sewing machines' and 'making cushions' difficult especially. The same as middle school teachers in 'hand knitting handbag by crochet hoop needle', 'the various kinds of cloth' and 'making short pants'. The same as high school teachers in 'making tablecloth or curtain'. Fourth, Elementary school teachers recognized 'practicing basic hand needlework' and 'making pouch using hand needlework' important in the degree of educational contents importance. Middle school teachers recognized 'making short pants unimportant. High school teachers considered the contents focusing on practice such as 'making tablecloth and curtain' and 'making pillow cover or bags' unimportant. My suggestions were as follows; Both laboratories and facilities for practice should be established for making clothing and textiles lessons effective in Practical Arts in elementary schools. The 'operating sewing machines' which were considered difficult should be dealt in upper grade, re-conditioning to easier or omitted. The practical contents should be changed to student-activity-oriented and should be recomposed in order to familiar with students' living. It was needed to various and sufficient supports for increasing the teachers' practical abilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.882-889
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• 2008

Three fabrics, 100% silk, nylon and cotton each, were dyed with a lichen dye solution prepared by a fermentation method under conditions of varying dyebath pH and temperature. To verify the effect of chitosan on fabric dyeing, the 100% cotton fabric was treated with a chitosan solution before dyeing. The K/S, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}E$ and Munsell values of the dyed samples were measured. Colorfastness of each sample was also investigated. The maximum K/S value was measured at 520nm wavelength for the dyed silk fabric and at 480nm for the dyed cotton and nylon. The K/S values for the dyed silk fabric were much greater than those of the other fabrics. The dyed silk fabric showed a red tone on the Munsell color system, and the dyed nylon and cotton fabrics a yellowish red tone. Dye affinity to fabrics was better in a neutral or acidic dyebath. As dyeing temperature increased, K/S values increased for the dyed nylon and cotton fabrics but not for the silk. Dyeability of cotton fabrics could improve by Chitosan treatment. As for most natural dyes, colorfastness of all dyed samples was poor. The silk fabric showed an excellent dry cleaning fastness of Grade 5.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine the effect of family environment on smoking behavior, smoking knowledge and smoking attitude in primary school students. For the purpose of the study, a questionnaire-based examination was made with 1,476 sixth-grade students in Taegu from November 1st to 30th, 1998. The results of the study are summarized as follows. Out of 22 points for smoking knowledge, the male student group got 12.9 points, and the female student group 13.0 points. For both groups, students with better school achievement showed a significantly higher score (p<0.01). For the female student group, those who had nonsmoking fathers showed a significantly higher score(p<0.05). A perfect score for smoking attitude was 20 points. The male student group received 14.9 points and the female student group 16.3. For both groups, the score appeared to be significantly higher in the students who had better school achievement and no smoking experience. For the female group, the score was higher if they were living with widowed mothers or had nonsmoking parents. The percentage of smoking experience was 22.0% for the male group and 4.7% for the female group. The present smoking percentage of both groups accounted for 0.3% and 0.1%, respectively. The percentage of the male group's smoking experience was significantly higher if school achievement was poor, if the mother has religious, and if her occupation belonged to significantly different category. For the female group, it was significantly higher if a mother's educational background was less than the primary school level, or if a mother smokes. Family adaptability and cohesion were not significant variables for both groups. The score for smoking knowledge according to family cohesion was highest if male and female members were in an enmeshed state. For the female group, the higher the family adaptability, the significantly higher the score for smoking knowledge. The score for smoking attitude according to family cohesion showed a significant difference for both groups. The family adaptability was not a significant variable for both groups. The results of multiple regression analysis, with the scores for smoking knowledge and smoking attitude were used as a dependent variable, revealed that, for both groups, the better the school achievement. For the female group, the higher the family cohesion, the significantly higher the score(p<0.01). For the male group, the score for smoking attitude was significant1y higher if school achievement was better, if students were living with a widowed mother or father, if they had drinking mothers, if family adaptability was low, if family cohesion was high, or if the score for smoking knowledge was high. For the female group, the score for smoking attitude was higher if school achievement was better. Also, if famale student had nonsmoking fathers, if the family adaptability was lower, on the higher the score for smoking knowledge, a smoking attitude scored higher. The results of a multiple logistic analysis, with smoking experience as a dependent variable, revealed that, for the male student group, the worse the school achievement, the higher the score for smoking knowledge, the lower the score for smoking attitude, or the lower the family adaptability, the higher the percentage of smoking experience. For the female student group, the higher the score for smoking knowledge or the lower the score for smoking attitude, the higher the percentage of smoking experience. In conclusion, family environment, including smoking of parents and family functions, had a great effect on smoking knowledge, smoking attitude and smoking experience of students, and it is required to adjust subjects and methods for smoking and nonsmoking education as smoking attitude and smoking behavior greatly differ according to sex.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2023

Beef traceability systems help prevent the distribution of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) meat as imported beef. In particular, assigning a traceability number to each cattle can provide all information regarding the purchased Hanwoo meat to the consumers. In the present study, a DNA identity test was conducted on 344 samples of Hanwoo meat from large livestock product stores in Seoul between 2021 and 2022 to determine the authenticity of important label information, such as the traceability number. Traceability number mismatch was confirmed in 45 cases (13.1%). The mismatch rate decreased to 11.3% in 2022 from 14.7% in 2021, and the mismatch rate was higher in the northern region (16.9%) than in the southern region (10.2%). In addition, of the six brands, B and D showed satisfactory traceability system management, whereas E and A showed poor traceability system management, with significant differences (P<0.001). The actual traceability number confirmation rate was only 53.9% among the mismatch samples. However, examination of the authenticity of label information of the samples within the identified range revealed false marking in the order of the traceability number (13.1%), sex (2.9%), slaughterhouse name (2.2%), and grade (1.6%); no false marking of breed (Hanwoo) was noted. To prevent the distribution of erroneously marked livestock products, the authenticity of label information must be determined promptly. Therefore, a legal basis must be established mandating the filling of a daily work sheet, including the traceability number of beef, in partial meat subdivisions. Our findings can be used as reference data to guide the management direction of traceability systems for ensuring transparency in the distribution of livestock products.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.359-368
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• 1995

Purpose : This is a retrospective analysis for pattern of failure, survival rate and prognostic factors of 114 patients with histologically proven invasive cancer of the uterine cervix treated with definitive irradiation. Materials and Methods : One hundred fourteen patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix were treated with a combination of intracavitary irradiation using Fletcher-Suit applicator and external beam irradiation by 6MV X-ray at the Ewha Womans University Hospital between March 1982 and Mar 1990. The median age was 53 years(range:30-77 years). FIGO stage distribution was 19 for IB, 23 for IIA, 42 for IIB, 12 for IIIA and 18 for IIIB. Summation dose of external beam and intracavitary irradiation to point A was 80-90 Gy(median:8580 cGy) in early stage(IB-IIA) and 85-100 Gy(median:8850 cGy) in advanced stage(IIB-IIIB). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival rate and multivariate analysis for progrostic factors was performed using the Log likelihood for Weibull Results : The pelvic failure rates by stage were $10.5{\%}$ for IB. $8.7{\%}$ for IIA, $23.8{\%}$ for IIB, $50.0{\%}$ for IIIA and $38.9{\%}$ for IIIB. The rate of distant metastasis by stage were $0{\%}$ for IB, $8.7{\%}$ for IIA, $4.8{\%}$ for IIB. $0{\%}$ for IIIA and $11.1{\%}$ for IIIB. The time of failure was from 3 to 50 months and with median of 15 months after completion of radiation therapy. There was no significant coorelation between dose to point A($\leq$90 Gy vs >90 Gy) and pelvic tumor control(P>0.05). Incidence rates of grade 2 rectal and bladder complications were $3.5{\%}$(4/114) and $7{\%}$(8/114), respectively and 1 patient had sigmoid colon obstruction and 1 patient had severe cystitis. Overall 5-year survival rate was $70.5{\%}$ and disease-free survival rate was $53.6{\%}$. Overall 5-year survival rate by stage was $100{\%}$ for IB, $76.9{\%}$ for IIA, $77.6{\%}$ for IIB $87.5{\%}$ for IIIA and $69.1{\%}$ for IIIB. Five-rear disease-free survival rate by stage was $81.3{\%}$ for IB, $67.9{\%}$ for IIA, $46.8{\%}$ for IIB, $45.4{\%}$ for IIIA and $34.4{\%}$ for IIIB. The prognostic factors for disease-free survival rate by multivariate analysis was performance status(p= 0.0063) and response rate after completion of radiation therapy(p= 0.0026) but stage, age and radiation dose to point A were not siginificant. Conclusion : The result of radiation therapy for early stage of the uterine cervix cancer was relatively good but local control rate and survival rate in advanced stage were poor inspite of high dose irradiation to point A above 90 Gy. Prospective randomized studies are recommended to establish optimal tumor doses for various stages and volume of carcinoma of uterine cervix, And ajuvant chemotherapy or radiation-sensitizing agents must be considered to increase the pelvic control and survival rate in advanced cancer of uterine cervix.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.25 no.3 s.39
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• pp.247-268
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• 1992

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of VDT work on eyes and vision among workers in a TV manufacturing plant. The study subjects consisted of 264 screen workers and 74 non-screen workers who were less than 40 years old male and had no history of opthalmic diseases such as corneal opacities, trauma, keratitis, etc and whose visual acuity on pre-employment health examination by Han's test chart was 1.0 or above. The screen workers were divided into two groups by actual time for screen work in a day : Group I, 60 workers, lesser than 4 hours a day and group II, 204 workers, more than 4 hours a day. From July to October 1992 a questionnaire was administered to all the study subjects for the general charateristics and subjective eye symptoms after which the opthalmologic tests such as visual acuity, spherical equivalent, lacrimal function, ocular pressure, slit lamp test, fundoscopy were conducted by one opthalmologist. The proportion of workers whose present visual acuity was decreased more than 0.15 in comparison with that on the pre-employment health examination by Han's test chart was 20.6% in Group II. 15.0% in Group I and 14.9% in non-screen workers. However, the differences in proportion were not statistically significant. The proportion of workers with decreased visual acuity was not associated with the age, working duration, use of magnifying glass and type of shift work (independent variables) in all of the three groups. However, screen workers working under poor illumination had a higher proportion of persons with decreased visual acuity than those working under adequate illumination (P<0.05) . The proportion of workers whose near vision was decreased was 27.5% in Group II, 18.3% in Group I, and 28.4% in non-screen workers and these differences in proportion were not statistically significant. Changes of near vision were not associated with 4 independent variables in all of the three groups. Six out of seven subjective eye symptoms except tearing were more common in Group I than in non-screen workers and more common in Group II than in Group I (P<0.01). Mean of the total scores for seven subjective symptoms of each worker(2 points for always, 1 point for sometimes, 0 point for never) was not significantly different between workers with decreased visual acuity and workers with no vision change. However, mean of the total scores for Group II was higher than those for the Group I and non-screen workers (P<0.01). Total eye symptom scores were significantly correlated with the grade of screen work, use of magnifying glass, and type of shift work. There was no independent variable which was correlated with the difference in visual acuity between the pre-employment health examination and the present state, the difference between far and near visions, lacrimal function, ocular pressure, and spherical equivalent. Multiple linear regression analysis for the subjective eye symptom scores revealed a positive linear relationship with actual time for screen work and shift work(P<0.01). In this study it was not observed that the VDT work decreased visual acuity but it induces subjective eye symptoms such as eye fatigue, blurred vision, ocular discomfort, etc. Maintenance of adequate illumination in the work place and control of excessive VDT work are recommended to prevent such eye symptoms.