• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Primary stability at the time of implant placement is related to the level of primary bone contact. The level of bone contact with implant is affected by thread design, surgical procedure and bone quality, etc. PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the initial stability of the various taper implants according to the thread designs, half of which were engaged to inferior cortical wall of type IV bone(Group 1) and the rest of which were not engaged to inferior cortical wall(Group 2) by measuring the implant stability quotient(ISQ) and the removal torque value(RTV). MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this study, 6 different implant fixtures with 10 mm length were installed. In order to simulate the sinus inferior wall of type IV bone, one side cortical bone of swine rib was removed. 6 different implants were installed in the same bone block following manufacturer s recommended procedures. Total 10 bone blocks were made for each group. The height of Group 1 bone block was 10 mm for engagement and that of group 2 was 13 mm. The initial stability was measured with ISQ value using Osstell $mentor^{(R)}$ and with removal torque using MGT50 torque gauge. RESULTS. In this study, we found the following results. 1. In Group 1 with fixtures engaged to the inferior cortical wall, there was no significant difference in RTV and ISQ value among the 6 types of implants. 2. In Group 2 with fixtures not engaged to the inferior cortical wall, there was significant difference in RTV and ISQ value among the 6 types of implants(P < .05). 3. There was significant difference in RTV and ISQ value according to whether fixtures were engaged to the inferior cortical wall or not(P < .05). 4. Under-drilling made RTV and ISQ value increase significantly in the NT implants which had lower RTV and ISQ value in Group 2(P < .05). CONCLUSIONS. Without being engaged to the inferior cortical wall fixtures had initial stability affected by implant types. Also in poor quality bone, under-drilling improved initial stability.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2014

Purpose - Today, the importance of the service industry has increased. Social welfare businesses that follow the non-profit principle have neglected the distribution of the service. However, an intangible service, when produced and consumed, has a similar service delivery system to common service distribution and social welfare. Therefore, the author has assumed the efficiency of the service delivery system of social welfare to be equivalent to the service distribution industry. Hence, various kinds of social welfare services for the prevention of elderly suicide, from the perspective of distribution, are discussed. Studies on generational relations have thus far investigated depression from parent-children conflict, and satisfaction with their lives. Studies on the relationship between family solidarity and elderly suicide by analyzing existing social problems are rare. This study investigated the effects of family solidarity between old parents and adult children upon elderly suicide by analyzing serious psychological and social problems. This study revealed basic measures for elderly suicide prevention through services that could elevate family solidarity from the perspective of social welfare service distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - The subjects were 468 elderly, 65 years or older, at 18 senior welfare centers and halls for the elderly at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Questionnaire surveys, excluding invalid answers, were analyzed. Convenience sampling was used from February 5, 2014 to March 5, 2014. The findings were: First, women and those having spouses with advanced educational backgrounds and social activities had primary solidarity such as contact solidarity, affectionate solidarity, functional solidarity (giving help), and functional solidarity (receiving help). In addition, those who had good health, from a subjective point of view, had more solidarity. Second, the elderly who were men and single, and who had poorer educational backgrounds thought of suicide, lacked social activities, and had poor health, from a subjective point of view. Third, family solidarity between old parents and adult children had significantly negative influence on the suicidal ideation of the elderly. Results - The study revealed the following implications. First, the preparation for old age should consider not only economic welfare but also the psychological welfare due to the relationship with children. Second, the phenomenon of elderly suicide because of a lack of family solidarity could increase national loss and have great influence upon welfare in old age. Therefore, planning of welfare services for the elderly should consider the value of relationships with children to improve the psychological welfare of the elderly. Third, the social expenses of government-oriented support for parents should be discussed from the people's point of view. Conclusions - The subjects of the study comprised the elderly at Seoul and Gyenggi-do; therefore, it would be difficult to extrapolate the findings to all the elderly in the nation. The subject visited senior welfare centers as well as halls for the elderly; therefore, it would be difficult to assume that the trends were representative of the elderly in the nation.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.553-564
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 돈사에서의 난방용 할로겐램프의 위험성과 화재 예방에 대하여 분석하였다. 할로겐램프는 경제성과 편의성이 뛰어나 축사 보온에 사용된다. 하지만 안전관리가 허술하고 동물의 움직임에 노출돼 때문에 화재 위험성이 높다. 실제로 오래된 돈사와 축사를 둘러본 결과 화재위험에 노출되어 있음을 쉽게 확인할 수 있었다. 이 점에 주목하여 할로겐램프와의 가연성 물질 접촉 및 사용 부주의로 인한 화재 가능성을 실험을 통해 연구하였다. 실험은 실제 사용환경과 유사한 조건에서 실시되었다. 실제 축사로 사용되는 높이까지 할로겐램프를 설치한 후 바닥에 짚과 톱밥, 왕겨를 두고 적외선 카메라로 온도변화를 관찰했다. 그리고 비정상적인 조건을 가정하여 램프가 바닥에 떨어지거나 인화성 물질이 램프 내부의 유리관에 접촉하는 상태에서 실험을 진행하였다. 할로겐램프를 정상 상태로 사용하면 화재위험은 없었다. 그러나 비정상적인 사용 환경에서는 연기가 나거나 발화하기도 한다. 사용이 편리하거나 활용도가 높은 경우에도 화재위험이 높기 때문에 화재 예방대책이나 사용 규제가 필요하다. 철저한 화재조사와 연구를 통해 화재위험을 알리고 인명피해와 재산피해를 최소화하는 화재 예방을 위해 노력해야 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2004

배경: 심방세동의 수술적 치료 방법인 미로술식에 있어 고주파에너지를 이용한 절제술은 전통적인 절개 및 봉합술 (cut and saw) 또는 냉동절제술(cyroablation)에 비해 술 후 동율동의로의 전환율이 낮은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이는 절제술 시 심방벽 (atrial wall)과 도자 간의 접촉이 원활하지 않아 심방의 전층에 걸쳐 고주파 에너지가 전달되지 않기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 이에 고주파 절제시 심방과 도자간의 접촉을 원활하게 하기 위한 기구를 개발하였으며 동물실험을 통하여 그 임상적인 효과를 관찰하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 60 kg 내외의 돼지 10 마리를 대상으로 하였다. 우심방이 첨부로부터 3∼4 cm 하방의 심방외벽에 고주파에너지를 가하여 우심방이가 우심방에서 완전히 분리되도록 원형의 병변 (circumferential lesions)을 만들었다. 이때 실험군(n=5)에서는 새로 고안한 기구를 이용하여 도자를 심방벽에 완전히 밀착시킨 후 고주파 에너지를 가하였으며, 대조군(n=5)에서는 이러한 기구의 사용 없이 통상적인 방법으로 에너지를 가하였다. 고주파절제술이 끝난 후 우심방이 첨부에 인공심장박동 전극을 설치하고 심박동을 유발하여 고주파 절제부위 이하로 심박동이 전달되는지를 관찰하여 절제술의 성공 여부를 판단하였다. 또한 심방조직에 대해 조직학적 검사를 시행하여 심외막, 심근, 그리고 심내막층에 고주파에너지에 의한 열손상의 생성 유무를 관찰하였다. 결과: 실험군에서 5예, 대조군에서 3예 등 총 8예에서 심박동의 전달 차단 (conduction block)이 관찰되었으며 조직학적 검사 소견상 심내막(endocardium)에서 탄성섬유(elastic fiber)의 소실과 급성 염증세포의 축적 등 급성 열손상의 소견이 관찰되었다. 한편 심박동의 전달 차단이 관찰되지 않았던 대조군의 2예에서는 심내막이 정상으로 나타났다. 또한 기관 및 식도에 대한 조직학적 검사에서 열손상에 의한 병변은 관찰되지않았다. 결론: 고주파에너지에 의한 절제술 시 심방의 전층에 병변을 만들기 위해서는 심장과 도자간의 접촉이 가장 중요한 인자로 생각된다. 본 연구에서 새로 개발한 기구는 고주파에너지를 이용한 도자절제술 시 심장과 도자 간의 확고한 접촉을 유도하여 심방 전층에 병변을 만드는 데 매우 효과적이었으며 이러한 기구의 사용은 향후 고주파에너지를 이용한 미로술식의 성적향상에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.664-668
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• 2008

Vapor phase polymerization of a conductive polymer on a $SiO_2$ surface can offer an easy and convenient means to depositing pure and conductive polymer thin films. However, the vapor phase deposition is generally associated with very poor adhesion as well as difficulty when patterning the polymer thin film onto an oxide dielectric substrate. For a significant improvement of the patternability and adhesion of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin film to a $SiO_2$ surface, the substrate was pre-patterned with n-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) molecules using a ${\mu}$-contact printing method. The negative patterns were then backfilled with each of three amino-functionalized silane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APS), N-(2-aminoethyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (EDA), and (3- trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (DET). The quality and electrical properties of the patterned P3HT thin films were investigated with optical and atomic force microscopy and a four-point probe. The results exhibited excellent selective deposition and significantly improved adhesion of P3HT films to a $SiO_2$ surface. In addition, the conductivity of polymeric thin films was relatively high (${\sim}13.51\;S/cm$).

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2014

1. 순측접근법은 치수치료를 순측으로 시행한 후 변색된 순측의 치질을 확대하여 삭제하고 레진으로 순면전체를 수복함으로써 치수치료와 동시에 심미성을 회복할 수 있다. 2. 순측으로 치수치료를 시행하므로 시야가 확보에 유리하고 기구조작이 용이해 행동조절이 잘 되지 않는 어린이에게 추천된다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

We developed a method of growing thin Si film at $600^{\circ}C$ by hot wire CVD using a very thin large-grained poly-Si seed layer for thin-film Si solar cells. The seed layer was prepared by crystallizing an amorphous Si film by vapor-induced crystallization using $AlCl_3$ vapor. The average grain size of the p-type epitaxial Si layer was about $20{\mu}m$ and crystallographic defects in the epitaxial layer were mainly low-angle grain boundaries and coincident-site lattice boundaries, which are special boundaries with less electrical activity. Moreover, with a decreasing in-situ boron doping time, the mis-orientation angle between grain boundaries and in-grain defects in epitaxial Si decreased. Due to fewer defects, the epitaxial Si film was high quality evidenced from Raman and TEM analysis. The highest mobility of $360cm^2/V{\cdot}s$ was achieved by decreasing the in-situ boron doping time. The performance of our preliminary thin-film solar cells with a single-side HIT structure and $CoSi_2$ back contact was poor. However, the result showed that the epitaxial Si film has considerable potential for improved performance with a reduced boron doping concentration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1747-1749
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• 2015

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the major health concerns in Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, only a limited number of studies have been reported from this region. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and survival rate of esophageal cancer in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Clinical information, histological features and endoscopic findings were collected from a tertiary care center in central region of Thailand between September 2011- November 2014 and reviewed. Results: A total of 64 esophageal cancer patients including 58 men and 6 women with mean age of 62.6 years were enrolled. Common presenting symptoms were dysphagia (74%), dyspepsia (10%) and hematemesis (8%). Mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 72 days. Esophageal stenosis with contact bleeding was the most common endoscopic finding (55.6%). The location of cancer was found in proximal (16%), middle (50%) and distal (34%) esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma was far more common histology than adenocarcinoma (84.2% vs 10.5%). However, esophageal adenocarcinoma was significantly more common than squamous cell carcinoma in distal area of esophagus (100% vs 22.9%; p=0.0001, OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.1-2.2). Esophageal cancer stages 3 and 4 accounted for 35.2% and 59.3% respectively. Overall 2-year survival rate was 20% and only 16% in metastatic patients. Conclusions: Most esophageal cancer patients in Thailand have squamous cell carcinoma and nearly all present at advanced stage with a grave prognosis. Screening of high risk individuals and early detection might be important keys to improve the survival rate and treatment outcome in Thailand.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.577-584
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• 1998

A sensitive membrane strip assay for plasma lipoprotein cholesterol that can be performed without handling reagents has been investigated. We previously developed an assay system with immobilized enzymes (cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase) on the surfaces of nitrocellulose membrane(1). In such a case, the amount of enzymes present on the membrane was limited by its surface area and, thus, the detection capability was relatively poor (> 50 mg/dL cholesterol). To overcome this problem, we devised a new system with non-immobilized enzymes by placing them within interstitial spaces of a celullose membrane pad in a dry state. Upon contact with sample medium, the enzymes were immediately dissolved and participated in the reactions with cholesterol in a liquid phase. We constructed a user-friendly system consisting of four membrane pads fro sample application, cholesterol decomposition, color development as signal, and medium absorption to invoke a continuous flow (sequential location from the bottom). A sample containing lipoproteins was added into the application pad by capillary action and transferred to the next pad for decomposition. The decomposition pad (namely, enzyme pad) contained a detergent (sodium cholate) for the destruction of lipoprotein particles, the two enzymes for cholesterol decomposition, and a chromogen (3,3'-diaminobenzidine). As a consequence of the enzyme reactions, hydrogen peroxide was produced, and then reacted in the presence of the chromogen with horseradish peroxidase immobilized on the signal generation pad. Finally, a colorimetric signal directly proportional to the cholesterol concentration was produced. The detection limit determined from this system under optimal conditions was at least 2 times lower than of the enzyme-immobilized system.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.358-365
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• 1996

Deep burns of the face & lips often lead to scarring and contraction of the circum-oral tissues with a marked reduction in the size of the oral aperture. Such burns most commonly caused by electrical contact, for example, children sucking electric plugs, or as a result of chemical burns and the exposture to flame. Once having burns, burned tissue may contract and reduce considerably the size and mobility of the mouth ; therefore bring up the resultant functional disturbance, verbal difficulty, even digestive difficulty, and poor appearance, which fall into difficulty in social acceptability, caused by burns. In our department, 2 patients who were complain of functional limitations and esthetic problem owing to scar contracture, were visited, and we treated this microstomia with scar excision, graft and flap technique, and postoperative intensive physical therapy. We obtained relatively favorable results, thus report this cases with literature review.