• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제27권
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• pp.13.1-13.10
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• 2012

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the acute effects of heat stress on body temperature and blood pressure of elderly individuals living in poor housing conditions. Methods: Repeated measurements of the indoor temperature, relative humidity, body temperature, and blood pressure were conducted for 20 elderly individuals living in low-cost dosshouses in Seoul during hot summer days in 2010. Changes in the body temperature, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) according to variations in the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA controlling for age, sex, alcohol, and smoking. Results: Average indoor and outdoor temperatures were $31.47^{\circ}C$ (standard deviation [SD], $0.97^{\circ}C$) and $28.15^{\circ}C$ (SD, $2.03^{\circ}C$), respectively. Body temperature increased by $0.21^{\circ}C$ (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to $0.26^{\circ}C$) and $0.07^{\circ}C$ (95% CI, 0.04 to $0.10^{\circ}C$) with an increase in the indoor and outdoor temperature of $1^{\circ}C$. DBP decreased by 2.05 mmHg (95% CI, 0.05 to 4.05 mmHg), showing a statistical significance, as the indoor temperature increased by $1^{\circ}C$, while it increased by 0.20 mmHg (95% CI, -0.83 to 1.22 mmHg) as outdoor temperature increased by $1^{\circ}C$. SBP decreased by 1.75 mmHg (95% CI, -1.11 to 4.61 mmHg) and 0.35 mmHg (95% CI, -1.04 to 1.73 mmHg), as the indoor and outdoor temperature increased by $1^{\circ}C$, respectively. The effects of relative humidity on SBP and DBP were not statistically significant for both indoor and outdoor. Conclusions: The poor and elderly are directly exposed to heat waves, while their vital signs respond sensitively to increase in temperature. Careful adaptation strategies to climate change considering socioeconomic status are therefore necessary.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.406-421
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood biochemical characteristics, comorbidities, dietary intake, and other risk factors leading to poor glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control in elderly Korean diabetes patients over 65 years of age. Methods: Data from the 4^th (2007-2009) and the 7^th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) were used. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, region, household income, education level, marital status, nutrition education, diabetes duration and diabetes treatment), lifestyle characteristics (drinking, smoking, regular walking, and subjective health perception), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, and waist circumference), blood biochemical characteristics (HbA1c, high- density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine), co-morbidities (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and anemia), energy and nutrients intake, food group intake, and HbA1c control-related risk factors were compared. Results: Compared to the 4^th survey, the 7^th survey showed an increase in diabetes prevalence among men, an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the older patients, and an increase in the duration of diabetes. The energy ratio from carbohydrate consumption in the 7^th survey was lower than in the 4^th. Compared to the 4^th survey, thiamine and riboflavin intake had improved, and the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, and niacin had worsened in the 7^th. A comparison of food group intakes showed that there was a decrease in the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, and milk and an increase in the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. The risk factors for poor control of HbA1c were the duration of diabetes and co-morbid hypertriglyceridemia in the 4^th survey, whereas subjective health perception, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia as co-morbidities were found to be risk factors in the 7^th in addition to the risk factors highlighted in the 4^th survey. Conclusions: For the future management of elderly Korean diabetes patients, greater care is indicated for men over 75 years, and those with low levels of education. It is necessary to increase the intake of milk and vegetables, and reduce the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the incidence of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia for proper control of blood sugar.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.759-771
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• 2020

연구의 목적은 차상위 계층 우울 독거노인 삶의 경험을 통하여 삶의 의미를 파악하고 어떠한 삶을 살아가는지 본질적 구조를 알아보고자 함에 있다. 연구 대상은 인천광역시 A 정신건강복지센터에 등록된 65세 이상 노인으로, 한국형 노인우울척도(KGDS) 9점 이상, 현재 독거생활 1년 이상 된 의사소통의 어려움이 없는 차상위 계층 8명이다. 연구방법은 개인 심층 인터뷰를 통하여 2018년 5월부터 2019년 10월까지 Colaizzi 분석방법을 적용한 질적 연구이다. 연구결과 48개의 주제와 19개의 주제모음, 6개의 범주가 도출되었다. 참여자들이 차상위 계층 우울 독거노인으로 살아가는 경험은 '도움 없이 살수 없는 초라한 삶', '몸과 마음이 병든 삶', '자립하고 싶은 삶', '감사하는 삶', '내면의 평화가 있는 삶', '제도적 보완이 필요한 삶'으로 나타났다. 연구를 통해 차상위 계층 우울 독거노인을 위한 지역사회의 정서적 지지 프로그램 개발을 위한 정보를 제공하고 국가적인 차원의 다양한 복지 정책을 위한 근거 자료의 기초가 되고자 한다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Due to rapid decrease in population of farming and fishing villages and drain of young rural manpower to the cities, aging is being intensified, and the conditions of housing and welfare of elderly households are inadequate. Currently, group home is being discussed as part of specialized housing and welfare support policy for the people in the vulnerable class with poor self-supporting abilities such as the aged living alone in farming and fishing villages, and aged farming and fishing households. So the purpose of this research is to present the basic data for proposing the policy of supplying group home through examining the realities of housing and welfare of the people in the vulnerable class in farming and fishing villages. Survey was conducted on the 4 regions -Cheonan-si, Gongju-si, Yesan-gun, and Seosan-si - whose apartments were all occupied by the residents among the group homes for the elderly living alone in Chungcheongnam-do and the following results were derived from the analysis on the data collected from the survey. First, great effects can be attained at small costs by reorganizing and utilizing the public facilities that are unused or little used and the existing houses that are exposed to risks due to improper maintenance. Second, it can be pointed out that the residential environment of the vulnerable members of society was improved without impairing the existing village landscape. Third, housing welfare was enhanced without investing a large sum of money and the system to promptly cope with negligent accidents and emergency can be built and operated. Fourth, the cases promoted to solve the problems of the poor, unhygienic, and unsafe housing of the elderly and the vulnerable members of society were very positive and well worthy of being presented as planning direction of future group homes in farming and fishing villages. Finally, if they are operated entirely for free, it will cause the lack of the sense of ownership and the problems in securing the budget, so the ways of paying minimum individual housing expenses should be examined. The alternatives of housing welfare for the vulnerable members of farming and fishing villages are needed and the ways of constructive planning and researches should be continuously made. Also, the government's support policy should be actively promoted.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.660-668
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• 1999

연구배경: 폐암의 발생은 접점 증가추세로 65세 이상환자가 전체 폐암의 50% 정도를 차지하지만, 잦은 만성 질환의 동반, 각종 장기의 기능저하로 수술, 방사선치료나 항암화학요법과 같은 적극적 치료를 감당하지 못할 것을 우려하여 적절한 치료를 받지 못하고 있어 노령 폐암환자의 임상적 특성의 분석을 통하여 향후 이들에 대한 대책수립하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 1994년 9월부터 1998년 8월사이에 서울특별시립 보라매 병원에 입원하여 폐암으로 진단받은 환자 207명을 대상으로, 65세이상의 I군과 65세미만의 II군으로 분류하여 후향적 분석을 하였다. 결 과: 60대에서 36.2%로 가장 높은 발병률을 보였고, 65세 이상의 남자환자가 전체환자의 42%였다. I군에서 호흡곤란을 주소로 하는 환자가 유의하게 많았으나, 이외의 증상이나 병기, 조직학적 분류상두군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. ECOG기준 활동도 3, 4인 환자가 II군의 12.9%에 비해 I군에서는 35.2%로 많았다. 소세포폐암의 치료는 두 군간에 차이가 없었으나, 비소세포폐암 환자는 II군의 35%에 비해 I군 환자의 74%가 보존적 치료만을 받았고, 수술이나 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 환자는 I군에서 14%에 불과하였다. 두 군간에 생존을 비교하면 I군의 중앙생존기간이 10개월로 II군의 17.4개월에 비해 떨어지지만, 보존적 치료외에 어떠한 치료라도 받았던 환자에서는 두군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 활동도, 병기, 조직학적 아형만이 다변량분석시 생존에 영향을 미치는 유의한 인자였고 연령은 생존과 무관한 인자였다. 결 론: 폐암은 노령환자의 질환이라고 할만큼 65세 이상에서 호발하며, 환자의 연령에 의해서 예후가 결정되는 것이 아니므로 노령환자라 하더라도 폐암에 대한 적극적 진단 및 치료가 필하다고 하겠다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.325-345
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 사회적으로 고립된 남성 독거노인의 생애사적 접근을 통해 사회적으로 고립되기까지의 과정과 삶을 심도 있게 이해하기 위한 탐색적 연구이다. 연구방법으로는 질적연구 생애사 방법의 하나인 'Mandelbaum(1973)의 삶의 영역(Dimensions), 전환점(turnings), 적응(adaptation)'이라는 개념틀로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 사회적으로 고립된 노인들은 가족 관계 단절, 빈곤, 열악한 일자리, 건강악화 등의 복합적인 어려움을 경험하면서 사회적으로 고립된 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 삶의 영역에서 고립 전의 원가족과의 삶에서 부모와의 원만하지 못한 관계나 부재, 가족의 빈곤, 주위 사람들과의 원만하지 못한 관계 등의 경험이 있었다. 노동시장에서 막노동, 배달, 장사, 허드렛일 등의 좋지 않은 일자리를 갖고 있었다. 전환점의 영역에서는 외환위기, 부모의 이혼과 죽음, 배우자 외도, 경제적 어려움 등의 여러 원인으로 원가족과 배우자와의 분리로 인한 가족과의 단절을 경험하게 되었다. 적응의 영역에서 참여자들은 삶의 각 전환점에서 변화된 삶을 받아들이며 자신의 역할을 수행하면서 타협하고 절충하면서 적절히 적응하려는 노력을 해나가고 있었다. 국민기초수급자라는 사회적 안전망 제도에 들어왔고 그 안전망을 지키기 위해 한곳에 머무르는 지금의 삶이 더 안정적인 삶을 살게 만들었으며 개인적인 취미생활과 네트워크를 통한 대리만족으로 적응하고 있음을 밝혔다. 이는 기존연구에서 고립된 노인들이 우울증과 고독사의 위험에 심하게 노출되었다는 연구결과와 다소 다른 결과이다. 하지만 상대적으로 고립감이 낮은 노인을 인터뷰한 본 연구의 특성을 동시에 감안해야 할 것이다. 이 같은 연구 결과를 바탕으로 여러 실천적 정책적 함의를 제시했다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.76-93
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• 1998

Three hundred sixty-two(male 131, female 231) elderly aged over 65 in Chungb- uk area were interviewed to determine the disease states and drug usage patterns. The prebalence of disease was 78% and women reported more chronic diseases(83%) than men(71%). Elderly who live with spouse and have an occupation have a lower rate of disease. Average number of diseases of the elderly was $1.8\pm{1.1}$, and women$(2.1\pm{1.3)}$ have significantly higher average number of diseases than that of men$(1.4\pm{0.7)}$. Also the elderly in urban areas$(2.1\pm{1.4)}$ have significantly higher number of diseases than that of the elderly in rural areas$(1.6\pm{0.9)}$. Arthritis, hypertension, cardiovascular and gastric diseases were the most frequently listed chronic diseases in order for both men and women. Anemia and fracture of bone were relatively higher in women than in men. Particularly, the arthritis of the urban elderly have a rate of 1.5 times higher than that of the rural elderly. Fifty-two percent of the elderly were currently using drugs ; among drug users 71.2% used prescription drugs and 20.5% used nonprescription drugs. The average number taken per person was 2.1$\pm$1.4 and there was no sex or age difference. However, the elderly in rural areas $(2.7\pm{1.7)}$ consumed a significantly higher number of drugs than those in urban areas$(1.7\pm{0.7)}$. The average number of prescripti- on drugs taken was 2.0$\pm$1.4 while the average of nonprescription drugs taken was $(1.3\pm{0.6)}$. Analgesics and antihypertensive drugs were most commonly used. Vitamin and analgesics were the most frequently used self-prescribed drugs. It was noted that potential adverse drug interaction by concominant drug consumption for arthritis and antihypensive drug, abuse of digestants and antiacid without treatment of the underlying disease, and misuse of quick-acting bowel medications were problematic for the elderly. In addition drugs used for the elderly have some adverse effect on the digestive system. The types and composition of drugs used by the elderly were identified and presented. Medication compliance was poor and 13.5% reported adverse reactions such as edema, heartburn, nausea, and difficulty with eating. Seventeen percent of the elderly obtained drugs arranged by those other than medical staff. Also, even among those elderly who obtained drugs prescribed by a doctor, 69.1% of subjects had not receive instruction about potential adverse reactions. These results suggest that nutritional problems related to drug usage might exist and so dietitians, either individually or as members of health teams, need to have a better understanding of drug-nutrient interaction and closer supervision, and drug information/education service should therefore be provided to prevent or minimize adverse drug reaction in elderly users of medication.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2014

Purpose - Today, the importance of the service industry has increased. Social welfare businesses that follow the non-profit principle have neglected the distribution of the service. However, an intangible service, when produced and consumed, has a similar service delivery system to common service distribution and social welfare. Therefore, the author has assumed the efficiency of the service delivery system of social welfare to be equivalent to the service distribution industry. Hence, various kinds of social welfare services for the prevention of elderly suicide, from the perspective of distribution, are discussed. Studies on generational relations have thus far investigated depression from parent-children conflict, and satisfaction with their lives. Studies on the relationship between family solidarity and elderly suicide by analyzing existing social problems are rare. This study investigated the effects of family solidarity between old parents and adult children upon elderly suicide by analyzing serious psychological and social problems. This study revealed basic measures for elderly suicide prevention through services that could elevate family solidarity from the perspective of social welfare service distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - The subjects were 468 elderly, 65 years or older, at 18 senior welfare centers and halls for the elderly at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Questionnaire surveys, excluding invalid answers, were analyzed. Convenience sampling was used from February 5, 2014 to March 5, 2014. The findings were: First, women and those having spouses with advanced educational backgrounds and social activities had primary solidarity such as contact solidarity, affectionate solidarity, functional solidarity (giving help), and functional solidarity (receiving help). In addition, those who had good health, from a subjective point of view, had more solidarity. Second, the elderly who were men and single, and who had poorer educational backgrounds thought of suicide, lacked social activities, and had poor health, from a subjective point of view. Third, family solidarity between old parents and adult children had significantly negative influence on the suicidal ideation of the elderly. Results - The study revealed the following implications. First, the preparation for old age should consider not only economic welfare but also the psychological welfare due to the relationship with children. Second, the phenomenon of elderly suicide because of a lack of family solidarity could increase national loss and have great influence upon welfare in old age. Therefore, planning of welfare services for the elderly should consider the value of relationships with children to improve the psychological welfare of the elderly. Third, the social expenses of government-oriented support for parents should be discussed from the people's point of view. Conclusions - The subjects of the study comprised the elderly at Seoul and Gyenggi-do; therefore, it would be difficult to extrapolate the findings to all the elderly in the nation. The subject visited senior welfare centers as well as halls for the elderly; therefore, it would be difficult to assume that the trends were representative of the elderly in the nation.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify associated factors of chewing discomfort among community-dwelling elderly. Methods: The study was cross-sectional design and secondary data analysis using the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the total of 7,550 participants, data was analyzed with 1,126 adults aged 65 years and over. Chewing discomfort was assessed by the perceived chewing discomfort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find the associated factors of chewing discomfort. Results: Along with 61.7% of the participants reported having chewing discomfort, 85.2% reported to perceive poor oral health and 35.0% had oral pain. In multivariate logistic regression, perceived oral health (OR 3.22, 95% CI 2.24~4.63), oral pain (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.76~3.43), activity limitation (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.05~2.80), teeth requiring treatment (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14~2.26), number of remaining teeth (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.22~2.10) and educational level (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.15~2.12) were the significant predictors of chewing discomfort. Conclusion: The prevalence in chewing discomfort was high in elderly Koreans and various factors were associated with chewing discomfort. To improve chewing ability, it is suggested that the national level of policies offer strategical oral health programs in this population.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health management and leisure activities of the Korean and Japanese elderly. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design. A total of 149 Korean and 140 Japanese older adults living in two urban-rural composite areas participated in this research project. Data were collected using interviews with the participants. t-test and $x^2$ test were used to analyze the data. Results: Eighty eight point two percent of the Japanese perceived that their health status was good whereas 27.3% of the Koreans responded that their health status was poor. There were significant differences in types of leisure activities in art, intellectual, events, and volunteer activities between the two groups. A majority of the Japanese elderly replied that they spent some time and money for leisure activities; however, 20.2% and 27.2% of the Koreans reported that they did not spend time or money at all for leisure activities. Conclusion: The number of the Korean elderly participating leisure activities was significantly lower than Japanese participants. Developing nursing strategies using leisure programs would improve the quality of life of older adults and the quality of nursing care.