• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.273-276
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• 2006

Lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects of Poncirus trifoliata extract were investigated in hyperlipidemic rat. Concentrations of FFA and triglyceride in plasma were decreased in Poncirus trifoliata extract treatment groups. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lower in Poncirus trifoliata extract treatment groups. However HDL-cholesterol showed no significant difference in all treatment groups. Concentrations of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased in Poncirus trifoliata extract treatment groups. Concentrations of plasma and liver TBARS showed a low values in Poncirus trifoliata extract treatment groups. The values of GSH-Px and CAT activities were increased in the Poncirus trifoliata extract treatment groups. However the values of SOD activity showed no significant difference in all treatment groups.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

Objective : To investigate the effects of Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture on lowering lipid and contents of serum tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods : Triglyceride, total cholesterol, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 levels in Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture groups were compared with those in the control group. Results : Concentration of triglyceride and total cholesterol in plasma was decreased in the Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture groups. In Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncre groups, plasma LDL-cholesterol showed a lower value and HDL-cholesterol showed a higher value than those of the control group. Contents of $TNF-{\alpha}$ was decreased in the Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture groups. Contents of IL-6, however, were not significantly different. Conclusions : The results suggest that Poncirus trifoliata Pharmacopuncture may have an impact on lipid metabolism to potentially prevent development of diabetes mellitus and accompanying cerebrovascular diseases.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 1997

It is well known that Poncirus trifoliata harmonizes the Stomach dissipates the Nodules of Liver and manages Vitality. This herb has been used for stomachache, vomitting, nausea, abdominal distension and swelling of testis in the Oriental Medicine. A major components of Poncirus trifoliata consist of a various flavonoids such as poncirin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, rhoifolin, poncimarin, poncitrin. Generally pharmacological activities of an oriental medicinal drug may be different due to diverse origin, harvest season and storage Period. In this study, we aimed to measure the contents of poncirin and naringin, major flavonoid of this herb, to determine the quality of Poncirus trifoliata.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.554-560
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• 2001

For development of functional food, antibacterial effect of Poncirus trifoliata juice was examined. Strong antibacterial activities of Poncirus trifoliata juice were observed aginst Gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria such as Baillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium zerosis, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Rhodococcus equi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vnlnificus and Yersinia enterocolitica. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of Poncirus trifoliata juice against Bacillus cereus. Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Rhodococcus equi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Citrobacter freundil and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 2.5% and the MIC against Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Yersinia enterocolitica was 1.25%. Also, antibacterial activities of Poncirus trifoliata juice treated for 15 min at 121$^{\circ}C$ were confirmed to be stable.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.116-128
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• 2000

Anal therapy is another way of taking medicine It is a traditional pathway but not available in common situation. Nevertheless. It has many benefit and usefulness, it has not treated so much. The dried immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata L(Ji-Sil) is widely used to treat urticaria, itch and indigestion in traditional Korean Medicine. So this study was carried out to examine the effect of an aqueous extract from immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliate L. on immediate-type allergic reaction by anal administration. Anal administration of Poncirus trifoliata L. showed a marked inhibition rate in systemic immediate-type allergic reaction with a dose of 0.1 - 1 g/kg 1 hr before intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80. Anal administration of Poncirus tnjoliata L. (0.1 -1 g/kg) significant1y reduced plasma histamine contents induced by compound 48/80. Anal administration of Poncirus trifoliata L. (10 g/kg) also inhibited to $44.6\%$ (P<0.01) local allergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. In addition, Syzygium aromaticum dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. These results provide evidence that anal therapy of Poncirus trifoliata L. may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local immediate-type hypersensitivity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.749-754
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• 1989

The essential oil was prepared by a gas co-distillation method from flavedo of Poncirus trifoliata and was analyzed by GC/ retention index (RI) and GC/MS. The essential oil prepared by a gas co-distillation gave a whole fragrance of Poncirus trifoliata. The identification of the flavor components was performed by multi-dimensional analysis using GC/RI and GC/MS. GC/RI and GC/MS were complementary to each other. In applying GC/RI for identification, it was more effective when two columns of different polarities were used. Thirty volatile flavor constituents were identified in Poncirus trifoliata. Limonene, myrcene, ${\beta}-caryophyllene,\;trans-{\beta}-ocimene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, 3-thujene and 7-geranyloxycoumarin were the major constituents and cis-3-hexenyl acetate, n-hexyl acetate, 2-methyl acetophenone, elixene and elemicine had not been reported earlier as citrus components.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.113-119
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine new source of Jisil(枳實). Methods : Find out the source of Jisil in the history of herbal medicine. Results : 1. The source of jisil(枳實) is known as the immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesqul(Rutaceae) in the Korean Pharmacopoeia Eight Edition, the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium L. and its cultivars or Citrus sinensis Osbeck(Fam. Rutaceae) in Pharmacopeia of the people's republic of china(English edition 2000). 2. Until Song dynasty, Jisil is the pericarp of the ripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata 3. From Myeong dynasty the source of jisil(枳實) turn to the immature fruit of C. wilsonii, C. junos, C. aurantiun var. amara Conclusions : The source of Jisil(枳實) is the ripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. extract on lymphocytic leukemia tumor (L1210) cell lines. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay The comparison of Ic50 Values of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. extract in L1210 cell lines showed that their susceptibility to these fractons decreased in the following order: adriamycin > Fr.4> Fr. 6> Fr. 5> Fr. 3> Fr. 1> Fr. 2 by the MTT assay. In order to develop an antumicrobial agent, Poncirus trifoliata Raf. was extracted wit ethanol, and then it was fractionated with several mobile phase. The antitumor activities of fractions of the ethanol soluble extract was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fractions of the ethanol soluble extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activities of ampicillin and ketoconazole as references were compared to those of fractions of the ethanol soluble extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. The antimicrobial activities of all fractions from the extract had growth inhibition activities against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi $(MIC\;>\;200{\mu}g/ml)$. These results suggest that fraction 4 of the ethanol soluble extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. possessed the most antitumorous agent.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.188-191
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• 2008

Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque has been used as the immature fruit of the trifoliate orange tree. This study was carried out to investigate the quality change of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque depending on packing materials (vacuum packing, PP (polypropylene) packing, gunny sack packing), storage places and storage periods up to 12 months. The change of loss on drying content, content of poncirin were measured during the 12 months. As a result, the loss on drying content was decreased rapidly in gunny sack packing after storage of 12 months at room temperature. The content of poncirin was decreased generally according to storage conditions and its average loss percent was 38.8%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2011

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of two major flavonoid glycosides (poncirin and nanringin) in Poncirus trifoliata Raf. by different harvesting times and locations for two years. A SunFire $C_{18}$ column (4.6 mm${\times}$250 mm, 5 ${\mu}M$) was used at $40^{\circ}C$ for the determination of poncirin and naringin. The mobile phase using gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and injection volume was 10 ${\mu}l$. The chromatogram was monitored by photodiode array (PDA) detection at 280 nm for the identification of two flavonoid glycosides in P. trifoliata. The contents of the two components in P. trifoliata ranged from 0.32~13.02%.