• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.598-601
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• 2014

The effects of process parameters for the formation of polypropylene film such as the polypropylene concentration in the solution, drying temperature for coating film, and variation of nano-silica content on the surface structure and property of polypropylene film have been studied. A super-hydrophobic polypropylene film with a maximum contact angle of $154^{\circ}$ was obtained at the condition of a polypropylene concentration of 30 mg/mL, a drying temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, a drying pressure of 93 mtorr for 90 min. The increase of a drying temperature reduced the contact angle by enhancing the surface smoothness of the film. The increase of nano-silica content in the composite film composed of polypropylene and silica changed the surface shape from microporous to microglobular, which led to increasing the contact angle and showed the super-hydrophobic surface property.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.387-393
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• 2013

The crystallization of polypropylene (PP) particles in PP/decalin solution was conducted using the thermally induced phase separation(TIPS). During the control of particles sizes followed by the cooling of PP/decalin solution, particles were formed controllably, the concentrated PP resulted in an increase in the average diameter of PP particles. The effects of surfactants changes on particles sizes were investigated by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The PP crystals showed spherical shapes with a diameter 5~18 ${\mu}m$. Additionally, as an effect of concentration of PP, the size distribution of the PP particles became broad with higher concentration of PP in the solution.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 2003

UV-induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to a polypropylene (PP) membrane was carried out in the vapor phase with benzophenone (BP) as a photoinitiator. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize the copolymer. The degree of grafting increased with increasing reaction time, increased UV irradiation source intensity, and increased immersion concentration of the BP solution. The optimum synthetic condition for the PP-g-GMA membrane was obtained with a reaction time of 2 hrs, a UV irradiation source intensity of 450 W, and an immersion concentration of the BP solution of 0.5 mol/L. The pure water flux decreased upon increasing the degree of grafting and increasing the amount of diethylamino functional group introduced. The analysis of AFM and SEM images shows that the graft chains and diethylamino groups of PP-g-GMA grew on the PP membrane surface, resulting in a change in surface morphology.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2003

Polypropylene nonwoven fabrics were grafted with acrylic acid by a preirradiation method by using electron beam accelerator. The effect of irradiation dose, storage time, concentration of acrylic acid, reaction temperature, reaction time and Mohr's salt concentration on the degree of grafting were investigated in detail. The grafted Polypropylene nonwoven fabrics were characterized using IR spectroscopy and SEM. The results showed that the degree of grafting increased with increasing absorbed dose and the Mohr's salt in the acrylic acid solution promoted grafting efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

Geotextile tube technology has been perceived as an economical solution for liquid sludge treatment, and analyzing its consolidation behavior is necessary to be able to evaluate the dewatering capabilities of large geotextile tubes filled with contaminated soil, tailings, sewage sludge, and so on. The objectives of this study are to present a method that can adequately convey the consolidation behavior of geotextile tubes filled with sewage sludge, and to investigate the effects of various geotextile tube consolidation parameters. In this study, variable coefficients of consolidation are utilized to analyze the consolidation process of geotextile tubes filled with sewage sludge. The consolidation solution was verified by comparing the measured and predicted data from a hanging bag test conducted in the literature. After verifying the proposed solution, the consolidation parameters of a geotextile tube composed of a woven polypropylene outer layer and a non-woven polypropylene layer filled sewage sludge were obtained. Using the obtained parameters, the consolidation behavior of a large-scale composite geotextiles tube was predicted.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2011

We investigated the possibility of introducing functional groups without damaging surface polymeric chains through the treatment of a polypropylene(PP) film immersed in liquid phase using an atmospheric pressure plasma with large area. The ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate: $[BMIM]^{+}[BF_{4}]^{-}$- was successfully applied for generating stable plasmas in the plasma-solution system. We successfully treated the film surface using the plasma-solution system and confirmed various oxygen-containing functional groups formed on the surface of PP film. The surface free energy of PP film was increased with increasing plasma treatment time and power. It also showed a maximum value at the PP sample treated in the ionic liquid solution of 1.5 M. ATR-FTIR analyses revealed the increase of various carbonyl groups(1,726 $cm^{-1}$, 1,643 $cm^{-1}$) and OH groups$(3,100{\sim}3,500\;cm^{-1})$ after plasma treatment of PP film, and XPS also supported the ATR-FTIR result.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

Single crystals of metallocene-catalyzed isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and/or syndiotactic PP (sPP) were prepared and preliminarily characterized. The crystallization was performed utilizing 0.1 % by weight concentrations of each PP in o-xylene in the range of temperature of $40{\sim}90^{\circ}C$. Following the XRD patterns, samples were ${\alpha}$-iPP and antichiral Cell III of sPP. The XRD pattern of iPP shows three ${\alpha}$-form peaks due to the (110), (040), (130) planes at $2{\theta}=14.2^{\circ}$, $17^{\circ}$, $18.8^{\circ}$, respectively. The XRD pattern of sPP is characterized by the presence of the (020) reflection at $16^{\circ}$. The melting point ($123^{\circ}C$ and $148^{\circ}C$, respectively) of the metallocene catalyzed iPP and sPP were generally lower than that of conventional PP ($160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$) due to the misinsertion of the monomer. When metallocene-catalyzed iPP samples were crystallized isothermally from solution grown at a lower temperature, lozenge shape single crystals were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2011

In this study, by using oleic acid and polypropylene glycol, good natured antifoaming agent for suitable electronics process under the alkaline conditions were synthesized. For the synthesized mono and diesters, acid value, hydroxyl value was measured, and identified by FT-IR and $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy. Surface properties such as surface tension, critical micelle concentration(cmc) for diluted aqueous solution was measured, and tested the antifoaming properties according to the difference of alkyl chain length, various concentration, temperature and pH. The surface tension of synthesized antifoaming agent, PPMO(Polypropylene glycol monooleate) was 24.3 dyne/cm, PPDO(Polypropylene glycol dioleate) was 23.7 dyne/cm. By increasing of the alkyl chain length, surface tension was decreased slightly, and showed good antifoaming properties at 0.06 wt% concentration and $50^{\circ}C$, pH 11. These synthesized compounds are expected to apply as a suitable antifoaming agents in the semiconductor and the PCB(Printed Circuit Board) manufacturing process.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.150-156
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• 2001

Polystyrenes(PS) were grafted onto polypropylene(PP) in the PP solution by ultrasonic irradiation-initiated polymerization of styrene. The resulting products consisted of mixtures of homopolymers and PP-PS copolymer because of the homopolymerization of styrene itself and copolymerization with PP. The dependency of the designated polymerization on sonication times was investigated to monitor the evolution lion of the copolymerization. Formation of the PP-PS copolymer was confirmed by FTIR analysis of the reaction products after a proper separation procedure of free PS and PP-PS copolymer. It was found that the tendency for the formation of PP-PS copolymer was closely related with the phase behavior of the PP/styrene mixture which was also influenced by sonication time. In order to verify the effectiveness of the PP-PS copolymer as a compatibilizer for PP/PS blend, melt mixing of PP/PS/PP-PS was performed in a batch mixer. During the mixing, the average torque was higher for the blend containing PP-PS copolymer influencing compatibilization. In accordance with the results from FRIR analysis and torque measurement, the PS domain size remarkably decreased in the PP/PS/PP-PS blend.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: In recent years, studies on microplastics have focused on their decomposition in the ocean. However, no studies have been reported on the interaction between microplastics and metal ions in aqueous solutions. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of cadmium(Cd) by polypropylene (PP) in aqueous solution. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cadmium adsorption characteristics of PP in aqueous solution were evaluated through various conditions including initial Cd concentration(1.25-25 mg/L), contact time(0.5-24 h), initial pH(2-6) and temperature($20-50^{\circ}C$). Cadmium adsorption fit on PP was well described by Freundlich isotherm model with adsorption capacity(K) of 0.028. The adsorption amount of Cd by PP increased with increasing contact time, indicating that adsorption of PP by Cd was dominantly influenced by contact time. Especially, the removal efficiency of Cd by PP was highest at high temperature. However, the surface functional groups of PP before and after adsorption of Cd were similar, suggesting that adsorption of Cd by PP is not related to surface functional groups. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that PP affects the behavior of Cd in aqueous solution. However, in order to clarify the specific relationship between microplastics and metal ions, mechanism research should be carried out.