• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.500-514
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to observe the tissue response in applying staples and various suture materials to both scalp and buccal mucosa in rabbits. 18 rabbits were divided into 6 groups. The incised wounds of both scalp and buccal mucosa were sutured with staples, polyglactin 910, chromic catgut, mer silk and nylon. The experimental animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 days posto peratively 3 animals at one time. The tissue was stained with Hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's Trichrom. In light microscopic examinations, the sutured sites were examined histologi cally according to 6 degrees about inflammation and collagen deposit. The results were obtained as follows, 1. The chromic catgut, an absorbable suture material, was absorbed by 7 days, whereas polyglactin 910 and mersilk began to get absorbed after 7 days. 2. Mersilk manifested a broad range of inflammation in the scalp, and both staple and nylon showed a severe inflammatory reaction in the buccal mucosa. 3. With polyglactin 910, both tissue samples showed only minor foreign body reaction, however in the scalp, the process of fibrosis took place compara tively slowly, whereas in the buccal mucosa, it occurred promptly and manifested active fibrosis by 7 days. 4. Mersilk showed widespread a matrix formation in both scalp and buccal mucosa, and showed the most severe inflammatory reaction by 3 days, which did not seem to decrease even after 7 days. 5. Both staple and nylon showed relatively a severe inflammatory reaction, however fibrosis took place rather promptly compared to the other groups. 6. Generally, in the buccal mucosa fibrosis occurred more promptly than in the scalp in both control and experimental groups. 7. Retention of the suture material and stability of the knot were the best with the staple, and better stability was manifested by the multi-stranded poly glactin 910 and mersilk than singlestranded chromic catgut and nylon. From above results, in the buccal mucosa absorbable suture materials especially polyglactin 910 showed better response in the aspect of inflammatory reaction, while in the scalp monofilament suture materials such as staple and nylon manifested a early fibrosis and collagen formation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.200.2-200.2
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• 1992

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate histologically the tissue response and resorption of various nonresorbable and resorbable suture materials used for periodontal surgery, using a subcutaneous model on the dorsal surface of the rat. In this study, 10 Sprague-Dawley male rats (mean BW 150gm) were used and the commercially available materials included polyglactin 910, pain gut, nylon, e-PTFE. Animals were sacrificed at 3 days, 1, 2 and 4 weeks after implantation of various nonresorbable and resorbable suture materials. Specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Resorption : The resorption of plain gut was showed at 1 week after implantation, was lost their structure and almost resorbed at 4 weeks. The resorption of polyglactin 910 was started at 2 weeks and slowly absorbed untill 4 weeks. 2. Tissue response : Plain gut showed persistent and severe inflammatory reactions from 3 days to 4 weeks. Polyglactin 910, e-PTFE and nylon showed mild inflammatory reactions. Suture material should be biocompatible and be able to be functioned until tissue tensile strength reaches maximum level. In this study, polyglactin 910, nylon and e-PTFE are considered to be proper suture materials for periodontal surgery.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.130-135
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile strength of surgical synthetic absorbable sutures over a period of 14 days under simulated oral conditions. Methods: Three suture materials (polyglycolic acid [PGA], polyglactin [PG] 910, and poly (glycolide-co-${\epsilon}$-caprolactone) [PGC]) were used in 4-0 and 5-0 gauges. 210 suture samples (35 of each material and gauge) were used. All of the samples were tested preimmersion and 1 hour and 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days postimmersion. The tensile strength of each suture material and gauge was assessed. The point of breakage and the resorption pattern of the sutures were also assessed. Results: During the first 24 hours of immersion, all 4-0 and 5-0 samples of PGA, PG 910, and PGC maintained their initial tensile strength. At baseline (preimmersion), there was a statistically significant (P<0.001) difference in the tensile strengths between the 4-0 and 5-0 gauge of PGA, PG 910, and PGC. PGA 4-0 showed the highest tensile strength until day 10. At 7 days, all the 4-0 sutures of the three materials had maintained their tensile strength with PGA 4-0 having significantly greater (P=0.003) tensile strength compared to PG. Conclusions: 4-0 sutures are stronger and have greater tensile strength than 5-0 sutures. The PGA 4-0 suture showed the highest tensile strength at the end of day 10.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.184-194
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• 1996

A comparative study of three absorbable suture materials of chromic catgut, Dexon II (a polyglycolic acid suture with a polycaprolate coating system) and Coated Vicryl (a polyglactin 910 suture with a glycolide-lactide-calcium stearate coating system) was undertaken in terms of tensile strength, breaking elongation, appearances of the suture materials in the subcutaneous layer of rats and of tissue reaction in the intramuscular layer of rats. The initial tensile strength of chromic catgut and the tensile strength after 21 days were about 1.55 kg and 0.19 kg, respectively. Those of Dexon II were about 2.01 kg and 0. 20 kg, respectively. Those of Coated Vicryl were about 2.39 kg and 0.48 kg, respectively. Coated Vicryl showed the highest tensile strength among the three materials during the whole period. On the other hand, Dexon II showed the highest breaking elongation among the three materials during the first week. But the breaking elongation of Dexon II rapidly continuously decreased during the whole period. The appearances of the suture materials in the subcutaneous layer of rats showed that chromic catgut was the fastest among the three materials, whereas it formed comparatively much connective tissue. The intramuscular absorption rate and tissue reaction of Dexon II were similar to those of Coated Vicryl. The intramuscular absorption rate of these was fairly late when compared with chromic catgut. And the tissue reaction appearance of these showed the formation of a granuloma with foreign body giant cells, macrothages and epitheloid cells by the 28th day in the experimental period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.343-348
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• 1993

Growth of suture line and anastomosis is required for long-term success after the tracheal and bronchial surgery in infant and pediatric patient. We used various suture materials in these cases, but the results were differ. To select the adequate suture material in tracheal surgery, we tried next. Tracheal anastomoses were performed in 150 Sprague Dawley rats, aged 4 to 8 [mean 5.8] weeks and weight 62 to 106[mean 83.6] gram, to compare polydioxanone[PDS] 7-0, polyglactin 910[Vicryl]7-0, and polypropylene [prolene] 8-0 suture materials. In 150 rats, only 29[20%] were lived over 300 days, and the weight was 250 to 320[mean 289.5]gram. Cross sectional area of the anastomoses and two or three tracheal rings below anastomosis site were measured under microscope, and calculated and compared as Hsieh`s equition. Cross-sectional area,anastomosis site/normal site 100, were 89.4 $\pm$ 5.34% in PDS group[n=9], 75.7 $\pm$ 6.06% in Vicrylgroup [n = 10], and 80.8$\pm$ 4.06% in Prolene group[n = 10]. Histopathologic studies were done for all autopsies or put in death around 300 days postoperatively. PDS absorblion was not seen 16 weeks after suture but disappeared over 24 weeks slide. Vicryl absorbtion was noted postoperative 8 to 16 weeks, with marked tissue reaction. Prolene showed least tissue reaction, but the suture material was persisted with regional fibrotic capsule.Causes of death were respiratory failure in 76 cases, tracheal rupture in 22 cases, hemorrhage, biting, starvation and etc. in 23 cases. With the brief review of literatures, we report the results.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2013

Purpose: To report the clinical results from using absorbable suture materials instead of nonabsorbable materials which have been used more commonly to repair Achilles tendon. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 21 cases of acute Achilles tendon rupture, treated surgically from 2004 to 2011. Mean follow-up period is 6 months. We repaired Achilles tendon using size 1 Vicryl (Polyglactin 910, Ethicon) for core suture and size 3-0 Vicryl for epitendinous suture. At three months after surgery, we evaluated clinical results with single heel raise height by centimeters, differences of calf circumference and passive range of motion of ankle joint, compared to contralateral side. Also we recorded clinical results with subjective satisfaction grades. Results: At three months after surgery, 20 of 21 patients were able to perform single heel raise over 5 cm in height. Calf circumference differences were less than 1 cm in 12 cases, between 1 cm to 3 cm in 5 cases, more than 3 cm in 4 cases. There was no difference in range of passive motion in 19 cases. All patients satisfied with daily activity except 2 cases with mild discomfort. There was no complication such as rerupture, elongation or infection. Conclusion: We experienced excellent clinical results from repairing Achilles tendon with using absorbable suture materials in terms of functional outcomes and patient's satisfaction without any complication. So we may consider using absorbable suture materials instead of nonabsorbable materials to repair Achilles tendon.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.192-209
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate drug-loaded biodegradable membranes for guided tissue regeneration(GTR). The membranes were made by coating mesh of polyglycolic acid(PGA) with polylactic acid(PLA) containing 10% flurbiprofen or tetracycline. The thickness of membrane was $150{\pm}30{\mu}m$, and the pore size of surface was about $8{\mu}m$ in diameter. The release of drugs from the membrane was measured in vitro. Cytotoxity test for the membrane was performed by gingival fibroblast cell culture, and the tissue response was observed after implant of membrane into the dorsal skin of the rat for 8 wks. Ability to guided tissue regeneration of membranes were tested by measuring new bone in the calvarial defects(5mm in diameter) of the rat for 5 weeks. The amount of flurbiprofen and tetracycline released from membrane were about 30-60% during 7 days. Minimal cytotoxity was observed in the membrane except 20% drug containing membrane. In histologic finding of rat dorsal skin, many inflammatory cells were observed around e-PTFE, polyglactin 910 and PLAPGA membrane after 1 or 2 weeks. PLA-PGA membrane was perforated by connective tissue after 4 or 6 weeks, and divided as a segment at 8 weeks. In bone regeneration guiding potential test, tetracycline loaded membrane was most effective (p

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.711-714
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• 2013

Background The most common cause of skin graft failure is the collection of blood or serous fluid underneath the graft. In our study, we describe the use of silicone tube for tie-over dressing to secure the skin graft margins with the aim of decreasing loss of the skin graft, particularly in grafting of deep wounds. Methods Between March 2008 and July 2011, we used this technique in 17 patients with skin defects with depths ranging from 3.5 to 8 mm (mean, 5.5 mm). First, the skin graft was sutured with 3/0 silk suture material from its corners. Then, a silicone round drain tube was sutured with 3/0 absorbable polyglactin 910 over the margins of the graft. Finally, long silk threads were tied over the bolus dressing, and the tie-over dressing was completed in the usual fashion. Results The mean follow-up was 7 months (range, 2-10 months) in the outpatient clinic. Graft loss on the graft margins due to hematoma or seroma was not developed. The results of adhesion between the graft and wound bed peripherally was excellent. Conclusions In our study, we suggest that use of a silicone tube for additional pressure on the edges of skin grafts in case of reconstruction of deep skin defects.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to select the absorbable suture material with the lowest level of foreign body reaction in the extraoral field. The absorbable sutures tested were polyglactin 910(Vicryl), polyglycolic acid(Dexon), and chromic gut. Black silk served as to control suture. Eighteen domestic rabbits served as the animal model for testing purposes. After shaving the fur, A six centimeter incision was made in the hind quarter of all eighteen animals. Each wound was then closed wit two Vicryl, two Dexon, and two chromic gut sutures. All wounds were closed in the same manner. A similar wound was made on the oppsite side and closed with black silk suture. Three rabbits were then sacrificed on postoperative day one, three, seven fourteen, twenty-one, and twenty-eight. The surgical sites were then examined histologically. 1. On days one, three, and seven all suture materials as a similar severe level of inflammatory response. On the fourteenth day the inflammatory reaction of Vicryl was minimal, chromic gut was moderate, and Dexon was severe, Black silk control groups demosnstrated the most severe levels of inflammation of all sutures tested from day fourteen to twenty-eight. 2. On the fourteenth day all absorbable suture materials demonstrated similar minimal levels of resorption. At twenty-eight days Vicryl demonstrated a greater amount of resorption than Dexon or cromic gut suture. There was no resorption noted in the black silk control groups through day twenty-eight. 3. Due to its decreased level of inflammatory response in the animal model, Vicryl might be expected to as a decreased level of response in humans. It is felt that Vicryl is preferred to Dexon or chromic gut for extraoral suturing.