• 센서학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 2008

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/metal oxide(MO) nanocomposite mats with a thickness of 0.12 mm were electrospun by adding 0 to 10 wt% of MO nanoparticles ($Fe_2O_3$, ZnO, $SnO_2$, $Sb_2O_3-SnO_2$) into PAN. Pt electrode was patterned on $Al_2O_3$ substrate by DC sputtering and then the PAN(/MO) mats on the Pt patterned $Al_2O_3$ were electrically wired to investigate the $CO_2$ gas sensing properties. As the MO content rose, the fiber diameter decreased due to the presence of lumps caused by the presence of MOs in the fiber. The PAN/2% ZnO mat revealed a faster response time of 93 s and a relatively short recovery of 54 s with a ${\Delta}R$ of 0.031 M${\Omega}$ at a $CO_2$ concentration of 200 ppm. The difference in sensitivity was not observed significantly for the PAN/MO fiber mats in the $CO_2$ concentration range of 100 to 500 ppm. It can be concluded that an appropriate amount of MO nanoparticles in the PAN backbone leads to improvement of the $CO_2$ gas sensing properties.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.210-217
• /
• 2022

붕소(Boron)은 희소자원으로 유리, 반도체 재료, 화약 등 다양한 용도로 사용되고 있는데, 우리나라의 경우 붕소를 전량 수입에 의존하고 있으며 전 세계 붕소 매장량과 현재 추세의 생산량을 고려하면 50년 이후 지상의 붕소는 고갈될 확률이 높다. 따라서 안정적 붕소의 공급을 위해 해수 내의 붕소를 회수할 수 있는 소재 및 공정의 개발이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수용액 중 붕소를 회수하기 위한 소재로 전기방사 후 탄소화된 폴리아크릴로니트릴(polyacrylonitrile, PAN) 나노섬유를 도입하였다. 먼저 탄소섬유 표면의 붕소 흡착 기작을 이론적으로 구현하기 위해 범밀도함수이론(density functional method) 기반의 분자모델링 작업을 수행하였는데, 계산된 에너지도(energetics)에 따르면 붕소가 탄소섬유 표면에 흡착되는 화학반응이 가능한(viable) 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 전기방사로 제작된 PAN 나노섬유를 대기 중에서 안정화를 진행한 후 아르곤(Ar) 분위기에서 탄소화하였고 붕산 수용액에 담지시켰다. SEM과 Raman 분석을 통해 각각 전기방사와 탄소화가 잘 진행되었는지 확인하였고, XPS 분석을 통해 탄소섬유 표면에 질소가 잘 도핑되었는지 여부와 붕소의 흡착 여부를 확인하였다. 결과적으로 전기방사된 PAN으로부터 제작된 탄소섬유는 해수 내 붕소 회수에 사용될 수 있는 소재로 판단된다.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2012

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is one of the most widely used precursor polymers for making high performance carbon fibers. Conversion of PAN fibers to good quality carbon fibers requires an essential stabilization step prior to carbonization. Electron beam irradiation is an excellent technique for modifying the physical properties of materials. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of electron beam irradiation on the stabilization reactions of PAN nanofibers. FT-IR analysis indicated that the stabilization of irradiated PAN nanofibers was initiated at a lower temperature. The TG curve of PAN nanofibers showed a significant decrease of weight loss step between 280 and $320^{\circ}C$. In the case of irradiated PAN nanofibers, weight loss sudden weight did not loss occurs.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2022

Polyacrylonitrile was synthesized through suspension polymerization and then sieved to obtain spherical beads with a size of 200~510 ㎛. PAN was copolymerized with 2 mol% MMA monomer which is known to promote cyclization and crosslinking of nitrile group. The resonance cyclization reaction of the nitrile group in the synthesized PAN beads was observed near 170℃ with thermal analysis and FT-IR. The reaction conversion of the nitrile group in spherical beads was 23% during heat treatment, which was lower than that of the well-oriented PAN fiber used as a precursor of carbon fiber. This is because the stereo-regularity of molecular chains in the form of a random coil (spherical bead) is much lower than that of PAN fiber. It was confirmed that the compressive strength of the spherical PAN bead was greatly improved through the resonance cyclization and shrinkage according to the heat treatment, and it was also observed that the pores in PAN beads were formed after the heat treatment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2007

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN) fiber was treated with low-temperature plasmas of argon and oxygen for surface modification, and its surface chemical structure and morphology were examined by a field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM) and a Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy(IMS). The argon-plasma treatment caused the only mechanical effect by sputtering of ion bombardment, whereas the oxygen plasma brought about a chemical effect on the PAN fiber surface. The experimental evidences strongly suggested that cyclization of nitrile group and crosslinking were likely to occur in the oxygen-plasma treatment. On the other hand, with the argon-plasma treatment, numerous my pits resulted in ranging from several tens to hundreds nanometers in radius. The plasma sensitivity of functional groups such as C-H, $C{\equiv}N$, and O-C=O groups in the PAN fiber was dependent on their chemical nature of bonding in the oxygen-plasma, in which the ester group was the most sensitive to the plasma. Vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV) radiation emitted during plasma treatment played no substantial role to alter the surface morphology.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.76-85
• /
• 2003

In this study, a continuous stabilization process is used to make high-performance carbon fiber from polyacrylonitrile(PAM)-based fibers. The effect of oxygen content of PAN-based fiber on the stabilization process and the properties of the resultant carbon fibers is investigated. In order to research the progress of stabilization reaction FT-IR, elemental analysis, density, DSC, etc are used. Stabilization is carried out in air atmosphere from the 200 to $300^\circ{C}$ temperature range. An increase of PAN-based fibers diameter reduces the oxygen content during the continuous stabilization process. A higher oxygen content increase the density, tensile strength and modulus in the resultant carbon fibers. The most appropriate oxygen content in the stabilized fiber should be about 12%. Fibers having more than 2% oxygen content yield carbon fibers with inferior properties. Those carbon fibers also have sufficient commercial availability.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.407-414
• /
• 2014

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers with different methyl acrylate (MA) contents were synthesized via solution polymerization and used as precursors for high-performance PAN ultrafine fibrids. The chemical structures of the copolymers were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and $^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Their particle sizes and aspect ratios increased with increasing viscosity, and the degree of crystallinity increased with decreasing concentration of copolymer solution. In contrast, their peak temperature and heat of exotherm increased with decreasing concentration of the copolymer solution. The aromatization indices (AIs) of the fibrids increased with increasing heat-treatment time; however, the AIs decreased when the heat-treatment temperature was higher than the onset temperature of the copolymers. On the other hand, the crystal sizes of the fibrids decreased with increasing concentration of the copolymer solution when the MA content was held constant.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2015

The process of oxidizing polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers converts them into an infusible and non-flammable state prior to carbonization. This represents one of the most important stages in determining the mechanical properties of the final carbon fibers, but the most commonly used methods, such as thermal treatment ($200^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$), tend to waste a great deal of process time, money, and energy. There is therefore a need to develop more advanced oxidation methods for PAN precursor fibers. In this review, we assess the viability of electron beam, gamma-ray, ultra-violet, and plasma treatments with a view to advancing these areas of research and their industrial application.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.312-317
• /
• 2006

In the preparation of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) nanocomposite via an in-situ polymerization method, macroazoinitiator (MAI) was intercalated in the gallery of Na-MMT to enhance the delamination of silicate layers by intergallery polymerization. The exfoliated fine dispersion observed by X-ray diffraction pattern and transmission electron microscopy, the enhanced tensile storage modulus and the thermal decomposition temperature showed that the intercalated MAI was effective in inducing intergallery polymerization and that a poly(ethylene glycol) block linked to a PAN block improved the dispersion of hydrophilic Na-MMT in the polymer matrix.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.112-118
• /
• 2013

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) 기질고분자를 용매인 dimethylformamide (DMF)에 녹인 후 전기방사법을 이용하여 polyacrylonitrile nanofibers membrane (PAM)을 제조하였으며, 정밀여과(microfiltration) 적용을 위해, 제조된 PAM 샘플들의 layer 수를 변화시켜, 기공크기를 조절하였다. 또한, 순수투과도(water-flux) 향상을 위해 poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate와 azobisisobutylronitrile (AIBN)을 이용하여 자유 라디칼 중합(free radical polymerization)을 통해 합성된 AN-PEGMA 공중합체를 PAN과 3:1의 비율로 혼합한 후 위와 같은 방법으로 다공성 막(PAM/APM)을 제조하였으며, FT-IR과 E.D.S 분석을 통해 PAM 샘플과 비교 분석하였다. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 분석과 기공크기, 기공도 실험을 통해 균일한 직경(400~600 nm)과 균일한 기공특성(0.5~0.4 ${\mu}m$)을 가진 다공성 막이 제조되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 순수투과도 측정을 통해 정밀여과용 막으로의 활용가능성을 조사하였으며, AN-PEGMA 공중합체가 도입된 PAM/APM의 경우 상용막인 polyvinylidenefluoride (PVdF)에 비해 순수투과도가 상대적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 위의 결과로부터 전기방사법으로 제조된 PAN 나노섬유막들은 정밀여과용 막으로서 충분한 활용가능성이 있다고 판단된다.