• 환경영향평가
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2020

연안개발에 따른 유기물 오염은 유기물 오염지표종의 분포를 증가시키고, 증가된 유기물 오염지표종이 대상해역에 장기간 우점하여 저서생태계를 교란시킨다. 하지만 아직까지 우리나라 전 해역을 대상으로 조하대 저서생태계 유기물 오염정도를 확인한 연구가 미미한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 연안개발 환경영향평가 대상사업의 조하대 저서동물 조사결과를 분석하여 유기물 오염지표종의 분포를 확인하고, 우리나라 전 해역 조하대 유기물 오염정도를 간접적으로 확인하였다. 유기물 오염지표종별 분포 현황을 이미지 프로그램을 통해 지도로 작성하고, 전체 출현분포 현황을 통해 전 연안의 저서건강도지수(BHI, Benthic Health Index)를 도식화하였다. 유기물 오염정도는 사업구분 및 유기물 오염지표종별 분포가 다양하였으며, 유기물 오염지표종 중 Lumbrineris sp.가 전 해역에 가장 우점한 것으로 확인되었고, 전체 조하대 유기물 오염정도와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 앞으로의 조하대 저서생태계 유기물 오염정도는 유기물 오염지표종 분포를 통해 확인하고, 향후 연안개발 계획 수립 시 참고자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 또한, 유기물 오염지표종 중 Lumbrineris sp.의 분포는 간접적으로 개발 대상지의 유기물 오염정도를 평가할 수 있는 지표로 사용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2004

This study is performed to examine the relationship between air pollution exposure and mortality in Daejeon for the years of 1998 - 2001. Daily counts of death were analyzed by general additive Poisson model, with adjustment for effects of seasonal trend, air temperature, humidity, and day of the week as confounders in a nonparametric approach. Daily death counts were associated with CO(4 day before), $O_3$(current day), $PM_10$(4 day before), $NO_2$(6 day before), $SO_2$(2 day before). Increase of $31.07{\mu}g/m^3$(interquartile range) in $PM_10$ was associated with 2.0 % (95% CI = 0.5 % - 3.5 %)) increase in the daily number of death. This effect was greater in children(less than 15 aged) and elderly(more than 65 aged). We concluded that Daejeon had 2 - 4 % increase in mortality in association with IQR in air pollutants. Daily variations in air pollution within the range currently occurring in Daejeon might have an adverse effect on daily mortality. These findings also support the hypothesis that air pollution at levels below the current ambient air quality standards of Korea except PM10, is harmful to sensitive subjects, such as children or elderly.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2002

As an useful water purification system for non-point source pollution in rural watersheds, interests in constructed wetlands are growing at home and abroad. It is well known that constructed wetlands are easily installed, no special managemental needs, and more flexible at fluctuating influent loads. They have a capacity for purification against nutrient materials such as phosphorus and nitrogen causing eutrophication of lentic water bodies. The Constructed Wetland Design Model (CWDM), developed through this study is consisted mainly of Database System, Runoff-discharge Prediction Submodel, Water Quality Prediction Submodel, and Area Assessment Submodel. The Database System includes data of watershed, discharge, water quality, pollution source, and design factors for the constructed wetland. It supplies data when predicting water quality and calculating the required areas of constructed wetlands. For the assessment of design flow, the GWLF (Generalized Watershed Loading Function) is used, and for water quality prediction in streams estimating influent pollutant load, Water Quality Prediction Submodel, that is a submodel of DSS-WQMRA model developed by previous works is amended. The calculation of the required areas of constructed wetlands is achieved using effluent target concentrations and area calculation equations that developed from the monitoring results in the United States. The CWDM is applied to Bokha watershed to appraise its application by assessing design flow and predicting water quality. Its application is performed through two calculations: one is to achieve each target effluent concentrations of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P, the other is to achieve overall target effluent concentrations. To prove the validity of the model, a comparison of unit removal rates between the calculated one from this study and the monitoring result from existing wetlands in Korea, Japan and United States was made. As a result, the CWDM could be very useful design tool for the constructed wetland in rural watersheds and for the non-point source pollution management.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.124-140
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• 2016

본 연구는 한국노동패널(Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, KLIPS) 제1차~제15차년도 자료와 환경부에서 제공하는 수질자료를 이용하여, 개인의 전반적인 생활만족도(life satisfaction)가 수질오염으로 대표되는 환경오염에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받는가를 실증적으로 분석한 것이다. 서수적 순서를 가진 종속변수의 특성과 패널자료의 이질성을 감안하여 패널 확률효과 순서형 프로빗(panel random-effects ordered probit) 모형으로 추정하였다. 수질오염도를 반영하는 지표로는 생물화학적 산소요구량(biochemical oxygen demand, BOD), 총인(total phosphorus, TP) 농도를 사용하였다. 또한 기존의 연구에서와 같이 개인의 경제적 특성, 사회 인구학적 특성을 동시에 고려하였다. 분석 결과 BOD, TP 모두 개인의 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 외 다른 변수들은 선행연구에서 나타난 결과와 유사하다. 자신의 소득 증가, 연령, 기혼, 자가주택 보유, 건강, 여성, 높은 교육수준은 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 타인의 소득 증가, 실업자, 도시거주, 자영업자인 경우는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.732-738
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• 2015

Water quality in four major river basin in Korea was managed with Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) System. The unit watershed in TMDL system has been evaluated with Target Water Quality (TWQ) assessment using average water quality, without considering its volume of water quantity. As results, although unit watershed are obtained its TWQ, its allocated loads were not satisfied and vice versa. To solve these problems, a number of TWQ assessments with using Load Duration Curve (LDC) have been studied at other watersheds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate achievement of TWQ with Flow Duration Curve (FDC) and Load Duration Curve(LDC) at 26 unit watersheds in Han river basin. The results showed that achievement rates in TWQ assessment with current method and with LDC were 50~56 % and 69~73%, respectively. Because of increasing about 20% of achievement rates with using LDC, the number of exceeded unit watershed at Han river Basin was decreased about 4~6 unit watersheds.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.88-100
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• 2014

This study analyzed runoff characteristics of non-point sources pollutant and evaluated removal of pollution by BMP(Best Management Practice) using BASINS/WinHSPF model. Hourly meterological data including input data was provided from 2010 to 2011 year to run HSPF model in Miho stream watershed. As the results of calibration and validation of the model, the model could be successfully performed to simulate the flow and water quality parameters. The apprehensive area of non-point source pollution was chosen by non-point source pollution per area of a tributary to the Miho stream and applied constructed wetland in area chosen. Three scenarios were based on installation area of an constructed wetland and HSPF model would be applied to estimate the pollutant removals through the constructed wetland. The removal rates of pollutants through the constructed wetland were estimated with the runoff and water quality parameters by the comparisons of before and after the constructed wetland application.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.141-156
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• 2005

The importance of atmospheric conditions for the assessment of an air pollution situation has been demonstrated by their influence on the various compartments of an air pollution system, comprising all stages from emission to effects. Especially, air pollutants dispersion phenomenon are very sensitive according to wind data. But the discussions of how to apply representative meteorological data in air pollution dispersion model are not frequent in Korean environmental assessment processes. In this study, we investigated the difference of air pollutants dispersion phenomenon using U.S EPA ISCLT3 model according to applying the different meteorological data observed at two points for Seongseo industrial complex of Daegu. Two points are the spot site of Seongseo industrial complex and Daegu meteorological observatory. The winds speed of the spot site were smaller than those of Daegu meteorological observatory. In the winter season, the differences came to about $64\%$ for the period$(I\;February\;2001\~31\;January\;2002)$. Wind directions were also fairly different at two points. The air pollutants dispersion phenomenon estimated from our numerical experiments were also fairly different owing to the meteorological conditions at two points.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2009

The water of rivers and lakes are affecting by point and nonpoint source pollutions. The point source pollution can be controlled by establishing the treatment plants. However, nonpoint source pollution by various human activities is not easy to be controlled because it is difficult to determine the exits of the water flow and have many exit points. Due to contribution of nonpoint source pollution, the achievement ratio of water quality in rivers and lakes is not high. TMDL is the outstanding water quality control policy because all of the pollutant loadings from the watershed area are counting on the input loads. Our aqua-ecosystem has self-purification process by biological, physical and ecological processes. The self-purification process can remove the pollutant load from background concentrations. Usually forest area is main source of background concentrations. In Korea, about 70% of the national boundary area consists of mountains. This study is conducting as part of long-term monitoring to determine the Event Mean Concentration during a storm. The monitoring was performed on a broad-leaved tree area.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2012

Recently various attempts have been made to apply HSPF model to calculate runoff and diffuse pollution loads of stream and reservoir watersheds. Because the role of standard flow is very important in the water quality modelling of Total Water Pollution Load Management, HSPF was used as a means of estimating standard flow. In this study, BASINS 4.0 and WinHSPF was applied to the Gomakwoncheon watershed, genetic algorithm(GA) and influence coefficient algorithm were used to calibrate the runoff parameters of the WinHSPF. The objective function is the sum of the squares of the normalized residuals of the observed and calculated flow and it is optimized using GA. Estimates of the optimum runoff parameters are made at each iteration of the influence coefficient algorithm. The calibration results showed a relatively good correspondence between the observed and the calculated values. The standard flow(Q275) of the Gomakwoncheon watershed was estimated using the ten years of weather data.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2017

In this study CALPUFF was used to estimate the influence of temperature rise, according to the observation value of temperature rise based RCP scenario, on meteorological elements (wind direction, wind speed, mixing height) and the change of pollutant diffusion. According to the result. applying estimated value of year 2050 temperature rise, the mixing height is increased as per the temperature rise, so the range of atmospheric diffusion is widened. In summer case, by applying temperature rise of $4^{\circ}C$ and comparing with before applying temperature rise, there was change of diffusion range as per the change of temperature between 10 AM to 11 PM. And the range of diffusion was wider than that of before temperature rise. In winter case, by applying estimated value of temperature rise, $2.3^{\circ}C$, diffusion range has been changed between 8 AM to 4 PM, showing different diffusion aspect from summer. Also, according to the result of air pollution level assessment with temperature rise, it was proved that the ratio of area with increasing air pollution level has been getting higher by increase of temperature.