• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.785-815
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• 2013

본 논문은 중력모형을 이용해서 환경규제가 한국의 수출량, 총무역량 및 국제경쟁력에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 규명해 보는 것이다. 고정효과 추정방법을 이용해서 전 산업, 비 환경오염산업, 16개 환경오염산업을 대상으로 추정하였으며, 자료는 한국과 교역량이 많은 120개 국가를 선정하여 2000년-2010년 사이의 산업패널자료와 환경성과지수(EPI)를 환경규제의 대리변수로 사용하였다. 분석 결과 한국과 교역상대국의 국내총생산량이 한국의 무역을 신장시키는데 큰 영향을 미친 변수라면, 교역상대국의 환경규제는 한국의 오염산업의 수출과 무역량을 감소시키고 국제경쟁력을 떨어뜨리는 무역장벽의 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 분석기간 동안 비 오염산업에서는 이러한 환경규제효과가 극명하게 나타나지 않았다. 개별 산업에 대한 분석 결과 상당한 비중의 오염산업들이 교역상대국의 환경규제에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 관점에서 동기간 사이에 한국의 무역에 있어서는 포터가설은 성립하지 않는 것으로 보인다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.121-144
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to test pollution-heaven hypothesis on the korean pollution-intensive industries, that is, textile and clothing, petrochemical and primary metal industry. The empirical study examines that foreign direct investment(FDI) of korean pollution-intensive industries regresses on couple of exogenous variables and the environmental regulation on FDI. As the environmental regulation is not directly observed, it uses $CO_2$ emissions as the pollutant. The results of the study show that the environmental regulation in a host country is an insignificant determinant of FDI for the korean polluting industries. That is, they do not support Leonard (1988), Xing and Kolstad (2000) that the hypothesis is a significant for heavily polluting industries.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.735-760
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 헥셔-오린 모형에 기초해 환경규제의 강화로 인한 오염방지비용의 증가가 우리나라 제조업의 국제경쟁력에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지를 분석하였다. 사용된 분석 방법은 고정효과모형, 패널GLS이며, 사용된 자료는 1993~2007년까지 15년간의 산업별 패널 자료이다. 주요 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 환경오염방지 비용이 순수출에 미치는 효과는 큰 유의한 음의 값을 가졌고, 특히 그 값은 IMF 경제위기 이후 크게 나타나 IMF 경제위기 이후 우리나라 제조업의 국제경쟁력을 결정짓는 가장 중요한 변수인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 요소집약도와 관련해서는 숙련노동이 우리나라 제조업의 순수출에 미치는 효과가 가장 컸으며 IMF 경제위기 이후 그 효과는 더욱 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 연구개발비 역시 IMF 경제위기 이후 우리나라 제조업의 순수출에 미치는 효과는 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 1986

510 random samples were studied during the months of may through November 1985 at the various industries and conclustions were made as follows; 1. $43.94\%$ of the plants studied operated their plants with semiautomatic control system, and better efficiency were observed at the plants where automatic control systems emplorid and also large industries showed more tendency adopting the automatic plant control system. 2. Overall efficiency of the treatment plants were seen much higher at the first and secand discharge class categories then the lower discharge classes, $80.79\%$ of the plants were see their daily plant operation being controlled by the operator himself. 3. The main causes of the plant stopage and in efficient discharge control were found to be malfunctioning of the plants machineries and equipment or inadequate decision made by the management to save chemicals or electricity. 4. The study showed $60\%$ of the industry treated their wastwater wholly and the rest discharged only with dilution without receiving any further treatment, and this tendency pronounced at the 4th and 5th class discharge category industries. 5. $66.17\%$ of the industry had their storage capacity to accommodate the waste discharge during plants outage while $92.67\%$ of the air pollution discharge industries had no means for the plant outage. 6. $56.77\%$ of the studied industry maintained 24 hour operation of their discharge control systems whill $18.67\%$ of air pollution discharge industries and $10.53\%$ of the waste water discharge industries showed no control effort during the night.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 1998년도 한국대기보전학회 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.154-155
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• 1998

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.177-200
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• 2006

최근 수확불변 하에서의 오염처리비용회피활동(pollution haven activities)에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되어 왔으나 수확체증 하에서의 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 1990년대 이후 수확체증 하에서의 교역이론이 산업 재배치에 대한 문제를 다루면서 수확체증과 오염처리비용회피활동 간의 관계를 살피는 것은 의미 있는 일이다. Davis (1998)가 발표한 수확체증 하에서의 자국시장효과(home market effect)에 대한 모형을 응용하여 환경정책이 산업 재배치에 주는 효과를 분석한 결과 시장규모가 적은 지역에서 오염물처리에 대한 책임을 생산자가 담당하는 지역과 시장규모가 크면서 오염물로 인한 비효용을 거주자가 감내하는 지역과의 교역상황에서 교역장벽이 높을 때 일부 공해산업에 대해 오염처리비용회피효과가 존재하나 교역장벽이 낮아지면서 공해산업뿐만 아니라 저공해산업에서도 산업의 지역이탈이 관찰되어 오염처리비용회피활동에 대한 식별이 힘들어지며 오염처리비용회피효과(pollution haven effect)뿐만 아니라 오염처리비용회피가설(pollution haven hypothesis)이 동시에 성립됨을 보일 수 있었다. 따라서 시장규모가 작으나 환경보전가치가 높아 환경규제가 강한 지역에서 환경보전과 지역경제발전을 동시에 도모하기 위해서는 오염처리기술의 생산성을 높이기 위한 활동이 필수적이다.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-26
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• 2020

Urban pollution has been a problem in China since ancient times. In modern times, pollution was aggravated by industrialization and urbanization and became closely related to people's lives. Shanghai was the industrial center and the most urbanized place of modern China. As a price, it needed to face extremely serious urban pollution, and the treatment of this problem involved all aspects of social life. Noise pollution let foreigners to interpret the Chinese people and the city of Shanghai from a cultural perspective, and let Chinese residents to understand Shanghai and the nation from a civilized perspective. Pollution regulation made Shanghai the first city in modern China to implement overall pollution control and levy environmental protection fees. It also enabled the Chinese to gradually fight for their rights in urban governance. Urban pollution also brought business opportunities; in the highly commercial city of Shanghai, it promoted the development of some industries. The experience of urban pollution and its treatment prompted the people of Shanghai to rethink and re-recognize modern civilization, and also promoted the formation of Shanghai urban community.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.314-327
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• 1999

This study was investigated to isolate identify the total bacteria and fungi from the indoor air of work-place of the shoes, paint, stainless steel, and plastic industries. The number of bacterial colonies on the nutrient agar plates were calculated by the open petridish method for 30 minutes in indoor air of work-places at the autumn and winter. The isolated bacteria were identified by Gram stain and biochemical test using API Staph and API 20E kits. The isolated fungal colonies were identified by gross appearance of the giant colonies and microscopic examination of their spore and hyphal characteristics on the slide culture method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of several antibiotics against isolated bacteria was determined by the microdilution method with Mueller-Hinton broth. The 70-400 colonies in autumn and 54-236 colonies in winter were isolated from the indoor air of work-places of several industry. The isolation rates of Gram positive cocci, Gram positive bacilli, Gram negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were 46.3%, 19.8%, 17.3%, and 16.1%, respectively. In Gram positive cocci, the most strains were identified as Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococcus spp. In Gram positive and negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were identified as Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Neisseria spp, respectively. The frequently isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp and Rhizopus spp, respectively. The frequently isolated Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococus spp were highly resistance against ampicillin, erythromycin, methicillin, and tetracycline. These results arouse our attention to microbiologic pollution in the indoor air of work-places of industries.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.398-408
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• 2009

Crude oil carriers or product oil carriers are confronted with sea pollution due to hull damage from various accidents. To reduce the oil spillage of tankers, IMO(International Maritime Organization) and OPA 90(Oil Pollution Act 1990) adopted the hull structures of double skin type. In this study, oil spillage test of the double skin tanker with 1/100 scaled model was carried out under damaged condition due to collision and grounding accidents. A new structural type of oil tanker was also tested with pipe and valve system arranged in double side and single bottom hulls. Their results were compared with that of conventional type double hull on the view point of ship safety and oil spillage.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.591-617
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• 2001

For the past years, there had been some environmental cooperation among East Asian countries to reduce air pollution emissions from China. However, the progress of cooperation has been under developed because of lacking financial support, poor design of planning, and weak economic incentives for the industries. In this paper, some practical approaches have been suggested. First, electric trade to make Asian Grid among countries will be good alternatives for the fossil fuel, such as coal, for China. Secondly, natural gas pipeline from West China to Siberian pipeline would change the whole energy mix in this area around 2010, Therefore, it is very promising area for the energy industries to involve in gas project and get rid of many institutional barriers from China. Lastly, environmental industry is growing fast in East Asian. In China, waste treatment and management, air pollution control, and water quality management are some promising areas for the future. Hence it is desirable for Korea, Japan and China to make a eco-fund or company to boost up environmental technology as well as environmental market size.