Kim, Kyeong-Dae;Kang, Ji-Yeon;Jeong, Joon-Bum;Moon, Soo-Kyung;Jeong, Bo-Young
Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
/
v.39
no.5
/
pp.367-375
/
2006
The chemical components, lipid class, and fatty acid composition of muscle from male and female common squid, Todarodes pacificus, were examined to evaluate the potential utilization of muscle from fin, head, arms, and tentacles, which consumers usually like less than the mantle. The mantle was found to constitute 47-49% of the total muscle and the proportion was slightly higher in females than in males. For the remaining 51-53% of the muscle, the only gender difference was that the arms of males contained approximately 3% more muscle than those of females (P<0.05). The protein content was higher in the mantle, arms, and tentacles than in the fin and head in both males and females (P<0.05), and was slightly higher in males (15.7-20.7%) than in females (15.1-19.2%). By contrast, the lipid content was slightly higher in females (1.82-2.54%) than in males (1.01-2.37%), and the fins in both males and females contained the most lipids (2.37-2.54%) of all muscle. The prominent lipid classes in the muscles were free sterol (males 81.5-91.9% vs. females 84.9-91.8% for the non-polar lipid content), phosphatidylcholine (PC, males 59.3-62.4% vs. females 49.2-57.8% for the phospholipid content) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, males 22.0-28.8% vs. females 25.6-33.8% for the phospholipid content). The percentage of PC was approximately 5-10% higher in males (P<0.05), especially in the fin, while that of PE was approximately 3-5% higher in female (P<0.05), especially in the head. All of the squid muscle contained 52.1-54.9% of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Males contained slightly more DHA, whereas female contained more EPA. The total percentage of n-3 PUFA differed little among muscles within the same gender.
The micelle process was developed for pre-purifying paclitaxel from plant cell cultures of Taxus chinensis, giving a high purity and yield. The approach in this work was to transfer paclitaxel in the crude extract to an aqueous surfactant solution as a micelle, allowing organic solvents to be used for removal of lipids and non-polar impurities. In this work, the effects of various surfactants such as CPC, CTMAC, LTMAC, SDS, AOT, Tween, PEG, and Triton were examined on the yield, purity, and phase separation time in micelle process. Among these surfactants, CTMAC (5%, w/v) gave the best result in terms of paclitaxel yield (${\sim}99%$), purity (${\sim}21%$), and phase separation time (30 min). The use of micelles in the pre-purification process allows for rapid and efficient separation of paclitaxel from interfering compounds and dramatically increases the yield and purity of crude paclitaxel for subsequent purification steps.
Khan, Shehzad Abid;Kim, Hyung Min;Baek, Ju Hye;Jung, Hye Su;Jeon, Che Ok
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
/
v.31
no.9
/
pp.1210-1217
/
2021
Two gram-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, and white colony-forming bacteria, strains H242T and B156T, were isolated from soil in South Korea. Cells of strain H242T were oxidase-positive and non-motile short rods, while those of strain B156T were oxidase-negative and long non-motile rods. Ubiquinone-8 was identified as the sole isoprenoid quinone in both strains. C16:0, cyclo-C17:0, andsummed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c) and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol were identified in both strains as the major cellular fatty acids and polar lipids, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strains H242T and B156T were 69.4 mol% and 69.3 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and 92 concatenated core gene sequences revealed that strains H242T and B156T formed distinct phylogenic lineages from other Ramlibacter type strains. The DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) value between strains H242T and B156T was 24.6%. Strains H242T and B156T were most closely related to Ramlibacter ginsenosidimutans BXN5-27T and Ramlibacter monticola G-3-2T with 98.4% and 98.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. Digital DDH values between strain H242T and R. ginsenosidimutans and between strain B156T and R. monticola were 23.5% and 26.1%, respectively. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular analyses indicated that strains H242T and B156T represent two novel species of the genus Ramlibacter, for which the names Ramlibacter terrae sp. nov. and Ramlibacter montanisoli sp. nov., respectively, are proposed. The type strains of R. terrae and R. montanisoli are H242T (=KACC 21667T=JCM 33922T) and B156T (=KACC 21665T=JCM 33920T), respectively.
While searching for the bacteria which are responsible for degradation of pesticide in soybean field soil, a novel bacterial strain, designated 5-5T, was isolated. The cells of the strain were Gram-staining-positive, aerobic and non-motile rods. Growth occurred at 10-42℃ (optimum, 30℃), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5), and 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). The predominant fatty acids were C15:0 anteiso, C17:0 anteiso, and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). The predominant menaquinone was MK-9 (H2). Diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 5-5T is a member of the genus Sinomonas and its closest relative is Sinomonas humi MUSC 117T, sharing a genetic similarity of 98.4%. The draft genome of strain 5-5T was 4,727,205 bp long with an N50 contig of 4,464,284 bp. Genomic DNA G+C content of strain 5-5T was68.0 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain 5-5T and its closest strains S. humi MUSC 117T and S. susongensis A31T were 87.0, and 84.3 % respectively. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 5-5T and its closest strains S. humi MUSC 117T and S. susongensis A31T were 32.5% and 27.9% respectively. Based on the ANI and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization analyses, the 5-5T strain was considered as novel species belonging to the genus Sinomonas. On the basis of the results from phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5-5T represents a novel speciesof the genus Sinomonas, for which the name Sinomonas terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5-5T (=KCTC 49650T =NBRC 115790T).
Microbacterium elymi KUDC0405T was isolated from the rhizosphere of Elymus tsukushiensis from the Dokdo Islands. The KUDC0405T strain was Gram-stain-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Strain KUDC0405T was a rod-shaped bacterium with size dimensions of 0.3-0.4 × 0.7-0.8 ㎛. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, KUDC0405T was most closely related to Microbacterium bovistercoris NEAU-LLET (97.8%) and Microbacterium pseudoresistens CC-5209T (97.6%). The dDDH (digital DNA-DNA hybridization) values between KUDC0405T and M. bovistercoris NEAU-LLET and M. pseudoresistens CC-5209T were below 17.3% and 17.5%, respectively. The ANI (average nucleotide identity) values among strains KUDC0405T, M. bovistercoris NEAU-LLET, and M. pseudoresistens CC-5209T were 86.6% and 80.7%, respectively. The AAI (average amino acid identity) values were 64.66% and 64.97%, respectively, between KUDC0405T and its closest related type strains. The genome contained 3,596 CDCs, three rRNAs, 46 tRNAs, and three non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The genomic DNA GC content was 70.4%. The polar lipids included diphosphatydilglycerol, glycolipid, phosphatydilglycerol, and unknown phospholipid, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0. Strain KUDC0405T contained MK-12 as the major menaquinone. Based on genotypic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic properties, strain KUDC0405T should be considered a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which we propose the name M. elymi sp. nov., and the type strain as KUDC0405T (=KCTC 49411T, =CGMCC1.18472T).
Lingmin Jiang;Hanna Choe;Yuxin Peng;Doeun Jeon;Donghyun Cho;Yue Jiang;Ju Huck Lee;Cha Young Kim;Jiyoung Lee
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
/
v.33
no.10
/
pp.1292-1298
/
2023
PAMB 00755T, a bacterial strain, was isolated from Korean fir leaves. The strain exhibits yellow colonies and consists of Gram-negative, non-motile, short rods or ovoid-shaped cells. It displays optimal growth conditions at 20℃, 0% NaCl, and pH 6.0. Results of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses showed that strain PAMB 00755T was most closely related to Sphingomonas chungangi MAH-6T (97.7%) and Sphingomonas polyaromaticivorans B2-7T (97.4%), and ≤96.5% sequence similarity to other members of the genus Sphingomonas. The values of average nucleotide identity (79.9-81.3%), average amino acid identity (73.3-75.9%), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (73.3-75.9%) were significantly lower than the threshold values for species boundaries; these overall genome-related indexes (OGRI) analyses indicated that the strain represents a novel species. Genomic analysis revealed that the strain has a 4.4-Mbp genome encoding 4,083 functional genes, while the DNA G+C content of the whole genome is 66.1%. The genome of strain PAMB 00755T showed a putative carotenoid biosynthetic cluster responsible for its antioxidant activity. The respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone 10 (Q-10), while the major fatty acids in the profile were identified as C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c (summed feature 8). The major polar lipids of strain PAMB 00755T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingoglycolipid, and phosphatidylcholine. Based on a comprehensive analysis of genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we proposed the name Sphingomonas abietis sp. nov. for this novel species, with PAMB 00755T as the type strain (= KCTC 92781T = GDMCC 1.3779T).
LEE Kang-Ho;PARK Chun-Soo;HONG Byeong-Il;JUNG Woo-Jin
Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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v.26
no.2
/
pp.141-149
/
1993
The seasonal variation of lipid content was mostly attributed to diet, water temperature and period of reproduction etc. The lipid mainly consisted of neutral lipid and phospholipid. Nonpolar lipid content was higher in between late spring and summer, while polar lipid content lower during the period. The composition of neutral, glyco, and phospholipid of the total lipid: in average was 53.88, 10.09 and $36.03\%$, respectively. The neutral lipids were composed of triglycride($51.88\%$) and free sterol($23.21\%$) as major component and a little quantity of diglycerides, monoglycerides, esterified sterols and hydrocarbon, free fatty acid were also identified. The phospholipids of each fraction were mainly occupied by phosphatidyl choline($55.5\%$), followed by phosphatidyl ethanolamine($27.8\%$), phosphatidyl inositol($8.65\%$) and phosphatidyl serine($4.85\%$). The major fatty acids of the total lipid in ascidian were $C_{20:5},\;C_{22:6},\;C_{16:6}\;and\;C_{18:1}$, respectively. The fatty acid composition of phospholipid and neutral lipid showed a similar tendency to that of the total lipid. The major fatty acids in the fraction of glycolipid, however, appeared $C_{16:0},\;C_{20:1},\;C_{18:0}\;and\;C_{18:1}$ in order.
Ahn, Kyung Geun;Kim, Gi Ppeum;Hwang, Young Sun;Kang, In Kyu;Lee, Young Deuk;Choung, Myoung Gun
Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
/
v.37
no.2
/
pp.104-116
/
2018
BACKGROUND: This experiment was conducted to establish a simultaneous analysis method for 7 kinds of herbicides in 3 different classes having similar physicochemical property as diphenyl ether(bifenox and oxyfluorfen), dinitroaniline (ethalfluralin and trifluralin), and chloroacetamide (metolachlor, pretilachlor, and thenylchlor) in crops using GC-ECD/MS. METHODS AND RESULTS: All the 7 pesticide residues were extracted with acetone from representative samples of five raw products which comprised apple, green pepper, Kimchi cabbage, hulled rice and soybean. The extract was diluted with saline water and directly partitioned into n-hexane/dichloromethane(80/20, v/v) to remove polar co-extractives in the aqueous phase. For the hulled rice and soybean samples, n-hexane/acetonitrile partition was additionally employed to remove non-polar lipids. The extract was finally purified by optimized Florisil column chromatography. The analytes were separated and quantitated by GLC with ECD using a DB-1 capillary column. Accuracy and precision of the proposed method was validated by the recovery experiment on every crop samples fortified with bifenox, ethalfluralin, metolachlor, oxyfluorfen, pretilachlor, thenylchlor, and trifluralin at 3 concentration levels per crop in each triplication. CONCLUSION: Mean recoveries of the 7 pesticide residues ranged from 75.7 to 114.8% in five representative agricultural commodities. The coefficients of variation were all less than 10%, irrespective of sample types and fortification levels. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the analytes were 0.004 (etahlfluralin and trifluralin), 0.008 (metolachlor and pretilachlor), 0.006 (thenylchlor), 0.002 (oxyfluorfen), and 0.02 (bifenox) mg/kg as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory technique using GC/MS with selected-ion monitoring was also provided to clearly identify the suspected residues. Therefore, this analytical method was reproducible and sensitive enough to determine the residues of bifenox, ethalfluralin, metolachlor, oxyfluorfen, pretilachlor, thenylchlor, and trifluralin in agricultural commodities.
LEE Eung-Ho;WADA Shun;KOIZUMI Chiaki;OHSHIMA Toshiaki;NONAKA Junsaku
Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
/
v.17
no.4
/
pp.291-298
/
1984
The extracted hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) flesh lipid was separated into following fractions by column chromatography on Bio-beads SX-2 and Sephadex LH-20 prior to gab chromatographic analysis of their fatty acid compositions: polar lipid, triglyceride and free fatty acid. The major fatty acids of total lipid and triglyceride in hagfish were $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1},\;and\;C_{18:1}$. The ratio of $C_{18:0}/C_{18:1}$ in the total lipid and triglyceride of hagfish was 0.1. The polar lipid of the hagfish muscle was mainly composed of phosphatidyl choline ($65.5\%$) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($28.0\%$). The triglyceride obtained was fractionated into four fractions by HPLC on the basis of partition numbers. Both the fatty acid composition and triglyceride composition on the basis of the total carbon number in the acyl chains of the triglyceride were analysed by the GLC. From the information obtained on triglyceride compositions based on the total carbon number by GLC and the partition number by HPLC and fatty acid composition by GLC, the combination of fatty acid in each triglycerides was estimated. A computer was used for estimation of the fatty acid combination in the triglyceride because hagfish lipid triglyceride was composed of various kinds of fatty acids. Fortyfour kinds of triglyceride were estimated. The major triglycerides in hagfish flesh lipid were found to those of ($1{\times}C_{16:0},\;2{\times}C_{18:1};\;13.5\%$), ($1{\times}C_{16:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:1};\;7.2\%$), ($1{\times}C_{16:1},\;2{\times}C_{18:1};\;5.4\%$), ($2{\times}C_{16:0},\;1{\times}C_{22:5};\;5.2\%$), ($1{\times}C_{14:0},\;2{\times}C_{18:1};\;4.5\%$), ($2{\times}C_{18:1},\;1{\times}C_{22:5};\;3.6\%$), ($1{\times}C_{14:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:1};\;2.7\%$) and ($1{\times}C_{14:0},\;1{\times}C_{16:0},\;1{\times}C_{18:2};\;2.2\%$).
Kim, Duk-Han;Kim, In-Ryoung;Park, Bong-Soo;Ahn, Yong-Woo;Jeong, Sung-Hee
Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
/
v.38
no.3
/
pp.221-233
/
2013
Bile acids are polar derivatives of cholesterol essential for the absorption of dietary lipids and regulate the transcription of genes that control cholesterol homeostasis. Recently it have been identified the synthetic chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) derivatives HS-1200 and cisplatin showed apoptisis-inducing activity on various cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic apoptotic effect of co-treatment with HS-1200 and cisplatin on human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC25 cells). To investigate whether the co-treatment with HS-1200 and cisplatin compared to each single treatment efficiently reduces the viability of SCC25 cells, MTT assay was conducted. The induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by DNA electrophoresis, Hoechst staining and an analysis DNA hypoploidy. Westen blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining were also performed to evaluate the expression levels and the translocation of apoptosis-related proteins following this co-treatment. Furthermore, proteasome activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) change were also assayed. In this study, co-treatment with HS-1200 and cisplatin on SCC25 cells showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation such as nuclear condensations, DNA fragmentation, reduction of MMP and proteasome activity, the increase of Bax and the decrease of Bcl-2, decrease of DNA content, the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, translocation of AIF and DFF40 (CAD) onto nuclei, and activation of caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, PARP and DFF45 (ICAD) whereas each single treated SCC25 cells did not show these patterns. Although the single treatment of $25{\mu}M$ HS-1200 and $4{\mu}g/ml$ cisplatin for 24 h did not induce apoptosis, the co-treatment of these reagents prominently induced apoptosis. Therefore our data provide the possibility that the combination therapy with HS-1200 and cisplatin could be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for human squamous cell carcinoma.
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