• 대한교통학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

교통수요예측의 통행발생단계에서 일반적으로 선형회귀모형이 활용되고 있다. 이러한 선형회귀모형은 여러가지 방법론적 한계성과 실용적 지속성을 가지지 못하는 경향을 보인다. 첫째, 종속변수로 이용되는 통행발생의 경우 비음정수(non-negative integer : 0, 1, 2 등)의 이산분포특징을 보이나, 선형회귀모형에서는 종속변수가 연속확률분포 인 정규분포의 특징을 가진 것으로 가정한다. 둘째, 모형이 자료측정에 적용되었을 때 음(-)의 결과를 산정 할 수 있으며, 독립변수의 증감에 따라 결과 값을 너무 높게 혹은 낮게 예측하는 경우가 있다 셋째, 예측된 값이 정상적인 범위 내에 있을 지라도 예측된 통행수만을 제시 할 뿐, 통행발생빈도에 대한 이산확률분포는 제공하지 않는다. 이같은 한계점을 극복하기 위해 주로 활용되어온 가산자료모형이 포와송모형이다. 그러나 포와송모형의 경우 자료의 평균과 분산이 동일하다는 가정하에 활용되고 있어 자료상에 과산포가 존재할 경우 오차를 과소평가 할 경향이 높아 모형의 신뢰성에 문제가 발생됨으로 기타 다른 가산자료모형의 적용을 고려해야한다. 연구에서는 과산포검정을 통해 통행발생빈도상에 과산포 존재를 밝혀내고 포와송모형의 부적합함을 제시하였으며 Vuong 검정을 통해 최적의 모형을 선정하였다. 선정된 모형을 대상으로 우도비검정과 Theil 부등계수에 의해 모형의 신뢰도와 정확성을 조사하였다. 최종적으로 가구의 사회경제적 속성의 변화에 따른 통행발생의 변화를 측정하기 위한 민감도 분석을 실시하였다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.32-46
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• 2017

최근 급격한 도시팽창 및 각종 산업시설의 밀집화는 도심지역의 지형지물 변화에 많은 영향을 줌으로써 한 지역에 다양한 높이의 건축물 또는 평지와 산지가 함께 존재하는 현상을 초래하였다. 본 연구에서는 내풍설계 시 중요한 인자인 풍속고도분포계수를 산정하기위해 건축물의 높이별로 공간정보 기반 밀집도 분석을 활용하여 지표면조도를 구분하고자 한다. 공간데이터의 확보를 위해 수치지형도에서 건축물 레이어를 추출한 후, 밀집도 분석을 위한 방사형 방안을 생성하였으며, 방안별로 건축물 높이별 도수분포 현황을 조사하였다. 건축물의 분포도를 통해 VMR(Variation-to-Means Ratio) 및 포아송분포 분석을 진행함으로써 높이별 밀집도를 판정하였으며, 카이제곱 검증을 통해 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 공간정보 분석을 바탕으로 GIS를 이용하여 연구를 진행함으로써 기존의 다소 정성적, 주관적인 방법에서 벗어나 지형 지물을 반영하여 보다 정량적, 객관적인 풍속고도분포계수의 산정이 가능하였다. 본 연구를 통해 설계자의 주관에 따라 풍속고도분포계수가 산정되는 기존의 문제점을 해결하고 보다 합리적인 내풍설계에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2018

본 논문은 베타분포의 특수형태인 미니맥스(Minimax distribution)를 수명분포를 따르고 유한고장수를 가진 비동질적인 포아송 과정에 기초한 소프트웨어의 신뢰성 모형에 대한 형상모수의 특성과 유용성에 대하여 비교 논의 되었다. 그 결과 평균제곱오차는 미니맥스 수명분포의 형상모수가 1인 경우가 1보다 작은 경우와 큰 경우에 비해 상대적으로 가장 작고 또한 형상모수가 1인 경우가 결정계수도 높은 성향으로 나타나기 때문에 형상모수가 1인 경우가 효율적 모형으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 평균제곱오차는 미니맥스 수명분포의 형상모수를 적용할 경우에 소프트웨어 신뢰성에 대한 고장유형을 인지하기 위하여 평균제곱오차와 결정계수, 신뢰구간을 사용하면 소프트웨어 고장 특성을 파악하는데 기본지침으로 사용 할 수 있으리라 사료된다. 제안된 모형의 결정계수 값이 95%이상 추정되어 비교적 소프트웨어 신뢰성 분야에서 유용성이 있는 모형임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이 연구를 통하여 소프트웨어 설계 및 사용자들은 수명분포의 특징을 반영한 형상모수를 적용할 경우에 소프트웨어 신뢰성에 대한 고장유형을 인지하기 위하여 평균제곱오차와 결정계수, 신뢰구간을 사용하면 소프트웨어 고장특성을 파악하는데 기본지침으로 사용 할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2000

The three-dimensional new corrdinate system over a single hill double hills and complex terrain with a single hill and a rectangular obstacle was generated using a body-fitted coordinate system. Control of the coordinate line distribution in the field was executed by generalizing the elliptic generating system to Poisson equation. ▽2ξ=P. The new coordinate system was well fitted to the surface boundary of single hill and double hills. But in the case of complex terrain with hill and rectangular obstacle there was smoothing tendency around the rectangular obstacle. In order to show the validity of the body-fitted coordinate system the heat diffusion equation was transformed and the temperature distribution was calculated over the various terrain. The results showed the temperature distribution was very symmetrical and stable around hills and obstacle. As a result the couple of a body-fitted coordinate system and the heat diffusion equation were executed successfully. Wind field over complex terrain with hill and rectangular obstacle which represent urban area was simulated stably in body-fitted coordinate system. The qualitative result show the enhancement of wind speed at the upwind direction of a hill and a rectangular obstacle and the recirculation zone at the downwind direction.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2014

The present study deals with two dimensional electro-elastic analysis of a functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) cylinder under internal pressure. Energy method and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) are employed for this purpose. All mechanical and electrical properties except Poisson ratio are considered as a power function along the radial direction. The cylinder is subjected to uniform internal pressure. By supposing two dimensional displacement and electric potential fields along the radial and axial direction, the governing differential equations can be derived in terms of unknown electrical and mechanical functions. Homogeneous solution can be obtained by imposing the appropriate mechanical and electrical boundary conditions. This proposed solution has capability to solve the cylinder structure with arbitrary boundary conditions. The previous solutions have been proposed for the problem with simple boundary conditions (simply supported cylinder) by using the routine functions such as trigonometric functions. The axial distribution of the axial displacement, radial displacement and electric potential of the cylinder can be presented as the important results of this paper for various non homogeneous indexes. This paper evaluates the effect of a local support on the distribution of mechanical and electrical components. This investigation indicates that a support has important influence on the distribution of mechanical and electrical components rather than a cylinder with ignoring the effect of the supports. Obtained results using present method at regions that are adequate far from two ends of the cylinder can be compared with previous results (plane elasticity and one dimensional first order shear deformation theories).

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권8호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1995

In this paper, we consider the leaky bucket parameter dimensioning problem in the presence of the cell delay variation(CDV) which arises at the customer premises network dud to the multiplexing with other traffic streams. We consider an ATM multiplexer in which a single CBR stream and several heterogeneous VBR traffic streams are multiplexed. Choosing an MMPP model for the bursty traffic streams, we derive an (MMPP+DD)/D/1/K queueing model for the evaluation of the CDV experienced by the CBR stream. We first evaluate the equilibrium queue length distribution embedded at tagged-cell arrival-time instants, based on whcih we calcuate the inter-cell time distribution and the distribution kof the number of tagged-cell departures in an arbitrary interval. Then we apply the analysis to the dimensionging problem of the leaky bucket parameters, examining how the employed traffic model affects the determination of the bucket size. Through numerical examples, we confirm that the Poisson traffic model can underestimate the bucket size, thus causing a considerable blocking probability for compliant use cells while the MMPP model can optimally design the bucket size which keeps the blocking probability under the target value.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2007

A two-dimensional treatment of the potential distribution under the depletion approximation is presented for poly-crystalline silicon thin film transistors. Green's function approach is adopted to solve the two-dimensional Poisson's equation. The solution for the potential distribution is derived using Neumann's boundary condition at the silicon-silicon di-oxide interface. The developed model gives insight into device behavior due to the effects of traps and grain-boundaries. Also short-channel effects and drain induced barrier lowering effects are incorporated in the model. The potential distribution and electric field variation with various device parameters is shown. An analysis of threshold voltage is also presented. The results obtained show good agreement with simulated results and numerical modeling based on the finite difference method, thus demonstrating the validity of our model.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.41-65
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• 2002

We study a multi-component production/inventory system in which individual components are made to meet various demand types. We assume that the demands arrive according to a Poisson process, but there is a fixed probability that a demand requests a particular kit of different components. Each component is produced by a flow line with several stations in which the processing times of each station follow a two-stage Coxian distribution. The production of each component is operated by an independent base-stock policy with blocking. We assume that the time needed to assemble final products follows a general distribution and the capacity of an assembling facility is sufficiently large. The objective of this study is to obtain key performance measures such as the distribution of the number of each orders for each final product and the mean time of fulfilling a customer order. The basic principle of the proposed approximation method is to decompose the original system into a set of subsystems, each subsystem being associated with a flow line. Each subsystem is analyzed in isolation using a Marie's method. An iterative procedure is then used to determine the unknown parameters of each subsystem. Numerical results show that the accuracy of the approximation method is acceptable.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5218-5233
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• 2018

The coexisting wireless body area networks (WBAN) is a very challenging issue because of strong inter-networks interference, which seriously affects energy consumption and spectrum utilization ratio. In this paper, we study a power control strategy with nearest neighbor nodes distribution for coexisting WBAN based on stochastic geometry. Using homogeneous Poisson point processes (PPP) model, the relationship between the transmission power and the networks distribution is analytically derived to reduce interference to other devices. The goal of this paper is to increase the transmission success probability and throughput through power control strategy. In addition, we evaluate the area spectral efficiency simultaneously active WBAN in the same channel. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the power control algorithm.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2002

Objective : To estimate the status of HIV infection and AIDS incidence using a back-calculation model in Korea. Methods : Back-calculation is a method for estimating the past infection rate using AIDS incidence data. The method has been useful for obtaining short-term projections of AIDS incidence and estimating previous HIV prevalence. If the density of the incubation periods is known, together with the AIDS incidence, we can estimate historical HIV infections and forecast AIDS incidence in any time period up to time t. In this paper, we estimated the number of HIV infections and AIDS incidence according to the distribution of various incubation periods Results : The cumulative numbers of HIV infection from 1991 to 1996 were $708{\sim}1,426$ in Weibull distribution and $918{\sim}1,980$ in Gamma distribution. The projected AIDS incidence in 1997 was $16{\sim}25$ in Weibull distribution and $13{\sim}26$ in Gamma distribution. Conclusions : The estimated cumulative HIV infections from 1991 to 1996 were $1.4{\sim}4.0$ times more than notified cumulative HIV infections. Additionally, the projected AIDS incidence in 1997 was less than the notified AIDS cases. The reason for this underestimation derives from the very low level of HIV prevalence in Korea, further research is required for the distribution of the incubation period of HIV infection in Korea, particularly for the effects of combination treatments.