• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 2018

진핵생물에서 유비퀴틴화 과정을 통해 단백질 안정성이 조절되며, E3 ligase는 유비퀴틴화 과정 동안 분해 대상 기질의 결정 및 기질로의 유비퀴틴 전달을 위한 주효소로 작용한다. Multi-subunit E3 ligase의 일종인 cullin4(CUL4)-based E3 ligase (CRL4) 복합체는 식물의 다양한 호르몬, 스트레스와 관련된 세포 내 과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 호르몬, 스트레스 신호 전달 과정에서 CRL4의 다양한 역할에 대한 보고가 애기장대에서 이루어져 왔음에도 불구하고, 주요 식량 작물인 벼에서의 CRL4 기능에 대한 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 벼에서 CRL4에 의해 매개되는 세포 내 반응들을 상세히 이해하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 애기장대 cullin4 (CUL4)의 상동 유전자를 벼에서 동정하고, 조직별 벼 CUL4 유전자의 발현 양상과 다양한 식물 호르몬 및 환경 스트레스 처리에 의한 해당 유전자의 발현 양상을 탐색하였다. 벼 CUL4 유전자인 OsCUL4는 앱시스산, 사이토키닌과 같은 식물 호르몬과 가뭄, 고염 스트레스에 의해 발현량이 급격히 상형 조절되는 양상을 보였는데 이는 해당 단백질이 앱시스산 및 사이토키닌에 의해 매개되는 세포 내 반응과 기능적으로 연계되어 있음을 암시한다. 또한, OsCUL4는 CRL4 복합체의 어댑터로 작용하는 OsDDB1과 직접적으로 결합하였는데, 이는 본 연구를 통해 동정한 OsCUL4가 벼에서 실질적으로 CRL4의 scaffold 단백질로 기능할 수 있음을 보여준다. 본 연구를 통해 수행된 OsCUL4 유전자의 발현 양상에 대한 연구는, 벼에서 CRL4 매개 유비퀴틴화 과정이 관여하는 세포 내 반응을 규명하기 위한 시작점으로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제47권
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• pp.1-26
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• 2017

본 논문은 1990년대 이후 발표된 여화(余華)의 "재세우중호함(在細雨中呼喊)"(1993), 소동(蘇童)의 "성북지대(城北地帶)"(1994), 왕강(王剛)의 "영격역사(英格力士)"(2004)에 나타난 가족결핍과 그 서사적 대응방식을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 삼는다. 소설에 공통적으로 등장하는 소재인 결핍된 가족은 존재의 부재를 뜻하기도 하지만 그 기능과 역할의 부재를 의미하기도 한다. 결핍을 야기하는 원인은 작품마다 서로 다르며 대응 양상 또한 차이를 보인다. 중국의 성장 서사는 오랜 시간 동안 전통의 유제와 여러 가지 정치적 압박 속에서 성장과정에서 일어나는 부모와의 갈등, 성장자 자신의 내면의 고통들을 집단의 경험 속에 매몰시켰다. 성장의 기억을 개인에게 돌려주기 시작했던 1980년대의 선취에 힘입어 1990년대 성장 서사는 지나간 연대의 강박과 피로에서 벗어난 작가들의 다양한 시도 속에서 더욱 풍부한 함의를 지니고 있다. "가랑비 속의 외침"은 친부모와 양부모에게 의도치 않은 '버려짐'을 당한 주인공의 심리적 고아의식을 보여주었고, "성북지대"는 부재된 가족에게 염증을 느끼고 또래 집단 속에서 위안을 받는 아이들의 서로 다른 성장의 이야기를 들려준다. "오, 나의 잉글리쉬 보이"는 동일시의 대상을 등장시킨다는 점에서 중국 성장소설의 주류적 서사와 구분된다. 개인의 성장은 그를 통해 진일보하고 결국 성장자 자신의 정체성을 확립하게 된다는 점에서 이 소설은 성장소설의 모범사례로 여겨진다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 효율적인 핸드 마우스를 위한 3D 포인팅 인터페이스에 대해 제안한다. 제안하는 방법에서는 조명과 환경 변화에 강건하기 위해 깊이영상을 이용하고, 손바닥의 법선벡터를 이용하여 3D 포인팅을 구성한다. 먼저, 손 영역 검출과 추적은 기존 방법을 이용하고, 이로부터 획득한 정보를 바탕으로 손바닥의 영역을 예측하여 관심 영역을 획득한다. 관심 영역을 획득하면, 해당 영역을 평면의 방정식으로 근사시키고, 법선 벡터를 추출한다. 다음으로, 안정적인 제어를 위해 추출한 법선 벡터를 이용하여 보간을 수행하고, 교점을 검출한다. 검출된 교점은 안정성과 효율성을 위해 시그모이드 함수를 이용한 동적 가중치가 적용되고, 최종적으로 2D 좌표계로 변환된다. 본 논문에서는 관심 영역, 방향 벡터 검출 방법에 대해 설명하고 안정적인 제어를 위한 보간 방법과 동적 가중치 적용방법에 대해 제안한다. 마지막으로 제안된 3D 포인팅의 정성적, 정량적 분석을 통해 안정적인 제어 가능성을 입증한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate(Ⅰ) the effect of a masculine-feminine image in women's suit on the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations, and (2) the effect of perceiver's sex, sex-role attitudes, and occupation on the perception formed by the function of clothing cues. The research design of the study consisted of 2(pink and navy blue colors) × 4(masculine and feminine forms) factorial design of a suit. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stiuli and 2 response scales. The stimuli consisted of 8 drawings of woman's clothing made by systematic manipulations of 2 independent variables(color and form) in drawings of suit. The dependent variables were the perceptions of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the masculine or feminine clothing for certain occupations. Occupational characteristics were measured with a 7-point semantic differential scale composed of 21 bipolar adjectives. Perception of ccupational suitability was assessed with 12 items of 5-point Likert type questions. In addition, the Bem Sex-role Inventory was used to assess perceiver's sex-role attitudes. The subjects consisted of 393 men and 389 women, whose occupations were classified as professionals, secondary school teachers, and white-collar workers. They were randomly assigned to one of 8 suit. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA, Mean and S.D. Three factors emerged to account for the perception of occupational characteristics. These factors were given the titles of (1) activity, (2) potency, and (3) evaluation factors. The activity factor was the largest, including 9 adjectives. Differences in the form of the suit had effects on potency and evaluation for both sexes, while it also had some effect on activity for women. The color of the suit had some effect on evaluation for both sexes. Strong effects of color and form on the suit were seen in perception of occupational suitability for the occupations of attorney(masculine) and secretary(feminine). On suitability for secondary school teaching occupation, the effects of color and form of suit differed by sex of the subjects. Perceiver's sex-role attitudes and occupation paritally influenced the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. In summary, a masculine-feminine image of clothing had a significant effect on the perception of occupational characteristics as well as on suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. Thus, the results of the study support the implicit personality theory on person perception and also the stereotypes of sex-roles on the perception of occupational suitability.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.21-34
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the effect of a masculine-feminine image in women's blouse·skirt on the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations, and (2) the effect of perceiver's sex, sex-role attitudes, and occupation on the perception formed by the function of clothing cues. The research design of the study consisted of 2(skirt color) × 2(blose color) × 3(masculine-feminine blouse forms) factorial desing of a blouse·skirt set. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and 2 response scales. The stimuli consisted of 12 drawings of woman's clothing made by systematic manipulations of 2 independent variabels (color and form) in drawings of blouse-skirt. The dependent variables were the perceptions of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the masculine or feminine clothing for certain occupations. Occupational characteristics were measured with a 7-point semantic differential scale composed of 21 bipolar adjectives. Perception of occupational suitability was assessed with 12 items of 5-point Likert type questions. In addition, the Bem Sex-role Inventory was used to assess perceiver's sex-role attitudes. The subjects consisted of 393 men and 389 women, whose occupations were classified as professionals, secondary school teachers, and white-collar workers. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA, Mean and S.D. Three factors emerged to account for the perception of occupational characteristics. These factors were given the titles of (1) activity, (2) potency, and (3) evaluation factors. The activity factor was the largest, including 9 adjectives and accounting for 33.3% of the variance in blouse-skirt. On the blouse-skirt set, the form of the blouse had an effect on activity and evaluation for both sexes, while the color of the skirt had an effect on evaluation for both sexes as well as on potency for men. Strong effect of color and form on blouse·skirt were seen in perception of occupational suitability for the occupations of attorney(masculine) and secretary(feminine). On suitability for secondary school teaching occupations, the effects of color and form of blouse·skirt differed by sex of the subjects. Male subjects determined suitability by the color of the blouse, while female subjects determinied suitability on the basis of the form of the blouse. Perceiver's sex-role attitude and occupation partially influenced the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2014

Objectives Sensory gating dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been investigated through two similar methods ; P50 suppression and prepulse inhibition paradigms. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the two measures are not correlated but rather constitute as distinct neural processes. Recent studies adopting spectral frequency analysis suggest that P50 suppression reflects the interaction between gamma and other frequency bands. The aim of the present study is to investigate which frequency component shows more significant interaction with gamma band. Methods A total of 108 mood disorder patients and 36 normal subjects were included in the study. The P50 responses to conditioning and test stimuli with an intra-pair interval of 500 msec were measured in the study population. According to P50 ratio (amplitude to the test stimulus/amplitude to the conditioning stimulus), the subjects with P50 ratio less than 0.2 were defined as suppressed group (SG) ; non-suppressed group (NSG) consisted of P50 ratio more than 0.8. Thirty-five and 25 subjects were included in SG and NSG, respectively. Point-to-point correlation coefficients (PPCCs) of both groups were calculated between two time-windows : the first window (S1) was defined as the time-window of one hundred millisecond after the conditioning auditory stimulus and the second window (S2) was defined as the time-window of 100 msec after the test auditory stimulus. Spectral frequency analysis was performed to investigate which frequency band results in the difference of PPCC between SG and NSG. Results Significant reduction of PPCC between S1 and S2 was observed in the SG (Pearson's r = 0.24), compared to PPCC of the NSG (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). In spectral frequency analysis, gamma band showed "phase-reset" and similar responses after the two auditory stimuli in suppressed and non-suppressed group. However in the case of alpha band, comparison showed significantly low PPCC in SG (r = -0.14) compared to NSG (r = 0.36, p < 0.05). This may be reflecting "phase-out" of alpha band against gamma band at approximately 50 msecs after the test stimulus in the SG. Conclusions Our study suggests that normal P50 suppression is caused by phase-out of alpha band against gamma band after the second auditory stimulus. Thus it is demonstrated that normal sensory gating process is constituted with attenuated alpha power, superimposed on consistent gamma response. Implications of preserved gamma and decreased alpha band in sensory gating function are discussed.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 그래핀의 인위적인 합성방법인 화학기상증착법을 활용하여 합성 파라미터들을 변화시켜줌으로써 그래핀의 물성을 조절하는 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저, 메탄가스를 탄소원으로 순수 그래핀을 합성하였고, 액상의 피리딘을 원료로 사용하여 질소가 도핑된 그래핀을 합성하였다. 각각의 그래핀의 물성은 라만 분광법, X선 광전자 분광법(XPS)을 통한 기초 광물성 측정과 게이트 전압에 따른 그래핀 채널의 전류-전압 응답특성을 통한 전기적 수송현상 측정에 의해 평가되었다. 메탄가스로 합성된 그래핀의 라만 분광 스펙트럼에서는 G-peak과 2D-peak가 선명히 보였고, XPS에서 C1s-peak가 선명하였고, 아울러 전하중성점은 게이트 전압 약 +4 V 정도에서 나타났다. 피리딘을 원료로 합성된 그래핀의 라만 분광 스펙트럼에서는 D-peak, G-peak 그리고 다소 약해진 2D-peak 등이 보였고, XPS에서는 C1s-peak은 물론 N1s-peak도 나타났으며, 전하중성점은 게이트 전압 약 -96 V 정도에서 나타났다. 결과적으로 우리는 화학기상증착법을 활용하여 그래핀의 물성을 성공적으로 조절하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.181-195
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the effect of body exposure and color of a woman's suit on the perception of modesty, and 2) the effect of perceiver's sex and age on impression formed by the function of clothing variables. The instrument of this study consisted of a response scale and stimuli. Thirteen items of 7-point semantic differential scales were developed to measure the perceiver's impression on wearer's modesty. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing one of 8 types of suit constructed by a 2 $\times$ 2 $\times$ 2 factorial design. The manipulation of each level of the clothing variables were: color of the suit by black and red, leg exposure by varying skirt lengths to a Chanel-line and mini skirt, and neck exposure by shirt collar blouse and scarf. Two models, representing typical female college students living in Seoul, were selected to eliminate model effect. The sample include 384 subjects, consisting of 4 groups of male and female college students and middle aged men and women. Eight experimental groups were randomly assigned to one of eight stimuli based on between-subject design. One half of each group responded to model 1 and the other half to model 2 of same stimulus. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed (pc model, Varimax rotation) to identify factors constructing impression of modesty. Two factors emerged regard­less of subgroups; Elegance and Extroversion factor. The first factor was found to be dominant, accounting for 60 percent of the total variance. The other accounted for just 11 percent. Multidimensional ANOVA (5-way, 3-way) was conducted to test the effect of the clothing variables against two factors identified from the factor analysis. Leg exposure was the most powerful variable affecting the impression of Elegance and Extroversion factor for all per. ceiver subgroups. Neck exposure had primary effect on the impression of Elegance, whereas it partially influenced that of Extroversion. Color of suit had only partial effect on the impression of Extroversion. Hypothesis I was partially supported from the findings above. The effect of perceiver's age and sex on impression by the function of clothing variables was tested by comparing the result between four subgroups. In forming an impression of the wearer's modesty, male college students were least affected by the manipulation of clothing variables, while middle aged males were affected most. In the female groups, there was no age difference and they fell between the male groups in the degree to which they were affected. Hypothesis II was supported only by age difference in two male groups, and by sex difference in two student groups.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.787-801
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• 2001

The molecular mechanisms control the function of PDL(periodonta1 ligament) cells and/or fibroblasts remain unclear. PDLsl7, PDL-specific gene, had previousely　identified the cDNA for a novel protein from cultured　PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between gingival fibroblasts and　PDL fibroblasts. The purpose　of this study was to determine the regulation by growth factors and cytokines on　PDLsl7 gene expression in　cultured human periodontal ligament cells and observe the immunohistochemical　localization of PDLsl7 protein in various tissues of mouse. Primary PDL fibroblasts isolated by scraping the root of the extracted human mandibular third molars. The cells were incubated with various concentration of human recombinant $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and TGF\;${\beta}$ for 48h nd 2 weeks. At each time point total RNA was extracted and the levels of transcription ere assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR assay). polyclonal antiserum raised against PDLsl7 peptides, CLSVSYNRSYQINE and SEAVHETDLHDGC, were made, and stained the tooth, periodontium, developing bone, bone marrow and mid-palatal suture of the mouse. The results were as follows. 1. PDLsl7 mRNA levels were increased in response to PDGF (10ng/ml) and $TGF\;{\beta}$(20ng/ml) after treatment of the $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and $TGF{\beta}$for 48 h. 2. PDLsl7 was up-regulated only by $TGF{\beta}$(20 ng/ml) after treatment of the $IL-1{\beta}$, PDGF-BB and $TGF\;{\beta}$ for 2 weeks and unchanged by the other stimulants. 3. PDLsl7 was a novel protein coding the 142 amino acid peptides in the ORF and the nucleotide sequences of the obtained cDNA from RT-PCR was exactly same as the nucleotides of the database. 4. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PDLsl7 is preferentially expressed in the PDL, differentiating osteoblast-like cells and stromal cells of the bone marrow in the adult mouse. 5. The expression of PDLsl7 protein was barely detectable in gingival fibroblasts, hematopoetic cells of the bone marrow and mature osteocytes of the alveolar bone. These results suggest that PDLsl7 might upregulated by PDGF-BB or $TGF{\beta}$ and acts at the initial stage of differentiation when the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and PDL differentiate into multiple cell types. However, more research needs to be performed to gain a better understanding of the exact function of PDLsl7 during the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal and PDL cells.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2022

This thesis investigates the meaning of a performer's energy taking into an account of the full bodily engagement as the flow of energy and/or psychophysical readiness focusing specifically on the significance of qualitative bodily transformation. In this contemporary era, the dominance of performer training and its approaches to acting/training has very frequently meant that how to play a character in a textual based approach by emphasizing on interpreting and impersonating the role as real as possible. In this sense, as a performer trainer, from my observation and research findings shows that it is common for the term energy is not to be motivated by what a performer's body needs within a specific moment in specific performance which they are working on. To address the problematic issues, this thesis begins by interrogating the practical meaning of transformation with addressing the principle and process of movement by means of the flow of energy on stage. For a performer, inhabiting/integrating his/her body and mind as oneness and/or unity means s/he sincerely encounter, confront, and therefore listen to his/her body in here and now. Because since the performer's physical appearance completely defined his/her psychological state, no one can play either the past or the future in the moment. In this manner, an appropriate use of energy synonymous with the flow of energy correspondence with the given time and space in which the performer's body informs and initiates movement as necessary action. To be precise, the performer's bodily movement either visible or invisible in a sense of training and rehearsal is perceived as attaining or achieving psychophysical involvement as the full body engagement which enable to make the event happen in the right moment. Here, this thesis argues that the significance of a performer's inner intensity reminds us of the necessity of qualitative transformation on which the performer could discover his/her own mode of awareness as well as a way his/her body function in the given circumstance. From this point of view, this research finding would advocates that the performer's body maintains in the field of energy flow where his/her conscious effort and/or mindfulness disappear. The performer's movement is a manifestation of the whole bodily engagement by means of being as real in that moment rather than representing reality.