• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.799-808
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• 2014

The mechanism of optical interaction of two nanoholes, milled in an opaque gold film, by means of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation is investigated. The interaction depends on the polarization direction of the incident light when the nanohole pair is illuminated through uniform single antenna excitations. It is shown that by illuminating one of the nanoholes, under single antenna excitation, the other nanohole can be excited indirectly via propagated SPPs from the excited nanohole. In addition, it is found that the spectrum of electromagnetic power above the surface of the metallic film at an arbitrary point along the axis of the nanohole pair presents two resonant peaks. These peaks are due to the optical interaction between nanoholes, where the short- and long-wavelength peaks can be assigned to in-phase and antiphase interactions of magnetic dipoles relative to each nanohole, respectively. The magnetic coupled dipole approximation (MCDA) method confirms the simulation results.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.129-139
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• 2003

Living arrangement is considered an important variable in discussing loneliness and the psychological state of the elderly. From this point of view, this study aimed at Identifying the effects of living arrangements, sociodemographic variables, social activities, and social psychological variables on the psychological loneliness of the rural elderly. Though hierarchical regression analyses. the predictors of loneliness among the rural elderly were identified as single/co-residence living arrangement(r=.49), sense of well-being based on respects for others' perspectives (r: -.22), needs for remarriage (r=.22), and work hours during off- farming season (r: -.19). The effects of living arrangement remained strong and were not influenced by the addition of sociodemographic variables, social activity variable, and social psychological variables. The feeling of loneliness of the elderly who were living alone was higher than among the elderly who were living with someone else. This finding suggests that the loneliness of the rural elderly derives primarily from the lack of family Interaction. Therefore, it is recommended that social welfare policies for the rural elderly be designed to improve their family and social interactions.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.429-432
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• 1993

Cr3C2 material is characterized by high chemical stability and poor sinterability with low strength [50~150MPa]. In his study, low melting temperature nickel powder was used to improve sinterability as well as strength. In addition, molydenum particles were added to the Ni-bonded Cr3C2 cermet pseudomatrix to increase resistance to fracture. The specimens made by hot-pressing under vacuum and strength was measured by 4-point bending. Indentation cracking and fractographic examination were conducted to study the interaction of the indentation cracks with the reinforcing particles. Toughening mechanisms and failure will be discussed in terms of crack/particle interactions and compared with previous works.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.117-132
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• 2019

This paper deals with the distinctiveness of interaction. The interaction discussed here is one that must be understood in philosophical context. The following is the procedure of this paper. First, reviewing the external properties of interaction, second, understanding the internal properties of interaction, third, grasping gamers' double-sidedness, fourth, the interpretation of meaning of gamers' interaction. In conclusion, The distinctiveness of interaction is an playful and ontological energy that turns the usual point of view on the basis of the double situation of the gamers.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.230-239
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• 2012

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is an enzyme that is predominantly expressed in germinal center B cells and plays a pivotal role in immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation for antibody (Ab) maturation. These two genetic processes endow Abs with protective functions against a multitude of antigens (pathogens) during humoral immune responses. In B cells, AID expression is regulated at the level of either transcriptional activation on AID gene loci or post-transcriptional suppression of AID mRNA. Furthermore, AID stabilization and targeting are determined by post-translational modifications and interactions with other cellular/nuclear factors. On the other hand, aberrant expression of AID causes B cell leukemias and lymphomas, including Burkitt's lymphoma caused by c-myc/IgH translocation. AID is also ectopically expressed in T cells and non-immune cells, and triggers point mutations in relevant DNA loci, resulting in tumorigenesis. Here, I review the recent literatures on the function of AID, regulation of AID expression, stability and targeting in B cells, and AID-related tumor formation.

• Carbon letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.197-205
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• 2013

Five vapor-grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF) reinforced vinyl ester (VE) nanocomposite configurations were fabricated, imaged, and mechanically tested in order to obtain information on the influence and the interactions of the role of the microstructure at lower length scales on the observed continuum level properties/response. Three independent variables (the nanofiber weight fraction and two types of nanofiber mixing techniques) were chosen to be varied from low, middle, and high values at equally spaced intervals. Multiple mixing techniques were studied to gain insight into the effect of mixing on the VGCNF dispersion within the VE matrix. The point count method was used for both lower length-scale imaging techniques to provide quantitative approximations of the magnitude and the distribution of such lower length-scale features. Finally, an inverse relationship was shown to exist between the stiffness and strength properties of the resulting nanocomposites under uniaxial quasistatic compression loading.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2004

Steady flow of an ER (electro-rheological) fluid in a two-dimensional electrode channel is studied by using FEM. Hydrodynamic interactions between the particles and the fluid are calculated by solving the Navier-Stokes equation combined with the equation of motion for each particle, where the multi-body electrostatic interaction is described by using point-dipole model. Motion of the particles in the ER fluid is elucidated in conjunction with the mechanisms of the flow resistance and the increase of viscosity. The ER effects have been studied by varying the Mason number and volume fraction of particles. These parameters have an influence on the formation of the chains resulting in the changes of the fluid velocity and the effective viscosity of ER fluids.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.2123-2129
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• 2014

Pim kinases are promising targets in the treatment of hematopoietic and solid cancers. Meridianin C was chosen as a starting point to discover novel pim kinase inhibitors. Using known pim kinase's structural information, aminopyrimidine was introduced to provide the hydrogen-bonding interactions with the conserved lysine residue in the ATP binding pocket of all three Pim kinases. Synthesized 3,5-bis(aminopyrimidinyl)indole derivatives showed pan-pim inhibitory activity. Aminoalkyl substituent was attached on the aminopyrimidine to further enhance the potency and physicochemical properties of compound. The research reveals a significative way of designing compounds with high potency and kinase selectivity for pan-pim kinases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.173-182
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• 1997

In many practical lubricated contacts such as a rough concentrated contact on the sliding of nominally flat surfaces, the fluid may be of molecular (nanometer) scale owing to the asperity interactions on the surfaces. Under this condition, there is insufficient lubricant on the concentrated contact spot to maintain a realistic continuum. Rheological behavior for this kind of concentrated contact was studied to know whether the application of viscous fluid model is appropriate. The interaction of two rough surfaces is simplified as perfectly flat-rough surfaces contact under certain conditions by "composite topography" and for a nanometer scale fluid film, three kinds of rheological fluid behavior are analyzed in elastohydrodynamic asperity point contact.t contact.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.141-161
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• 2000

This study examined the conditions and administration of 548 private, social welfare, and elementary school-based facilities providing after-school child care. The School-Age Care Environment Rating Scale developed by authors was administered to the teachers of these facilities. The rating scale consists of 84 items in 9 sub-areas. Seven point ratings were obtained for each item. One-way ANOVA confirmed differences between all items at the (p<.001) except for supplementary special needs items. The private facilities had the best environment for after-school child care except for staff development. The social welfare facilities showed good evaluation in staff-child interactions, activities, staff development and administration. The elementary schools obtained low evaluations except for supplementary special needs items. The evaluation of social welfare facilities was highest in Seoul and private child care facilities were highest in other areas.