• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2007

A study was conducted to observe the variation and inheritance of agronomic traits and their interrelationship in mungbean. The objective of the study was to compare agronomic traits and hardseed percentage of 268 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) developed from the cross between wild Vigna subspecies sublobata "ACC 41" with the mungbean cultivar "Berken". The RIL population and their parents were evaluated under controlled conditions in a glass house at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. The results showed significant differences among the RILs and among the parents in all traits under study. Berken had a longer flowering date and a higher seed weight per plant, but less total leaf number and pod number per plant than ACC 41. A germination test between papers revealed that ACC 41 was 100% hard-seeded and did not germinate at all, while Berken germinated up to 100%. Their RILs distributed well between 0 to 100% hardseed. Upon scarification, all hardseed germinated within seven days. Narrowsense heritability estimates of total leave number, hardseedness, pod length, and pod width were highly heritable at 89.9, 98.9, 93.7, and 93.2%, respectively. The heritability of seed weight per plant and number of seeds per plant were lower at 63.1 and 58.4%, respectively. Seed weight per plant showed positive transgressive segregation when compared with ACC 41 and a positive correlation with 100 seed weight. While the number of seeds per pod showed a negative transgressive segregation when compared with Berken and a negative correlation with pod length and pod width. The RILs gave a 1:1 segregation ratio in leaflet shape, growth habit, and growth pattern, indicating that these traits were controlled by a single dominant gene.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.269-272
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• 1981

To know the characteristics of flowering in rape, flower numbers, flowering speed, flowering period, pod numbers, pod formation period, and oil content were examined by individual plant and by each of branches per plant. The results are; 1) plant had in average 1, 400 to 1, 500 flowers, 2) completion of flowering per plant took 30 days, 3) pod numbers per plant was ranged from 560 to 630, 4) plant had 18 to 20 primary branches, 5) five days were needed for pod formation, 6) no difference in flowering speed by the position of branches, 7) flowering period was shortened by 0.5 days per branch by going to upper part, 8) oil content of seeds was significantly higher on the upper and lower part than on the middle part branches.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2008

The objective of experiment was to investigate the effects of planting density on growth and yield of vegetable soybean, and to clarify the optimum planting density of vegetable soybean in the middle west region of Korea. The field experiment with 4 levels of planting density was carried out at Yesan area in $2005{\sim}2006$. The days from seeding to flowering and the days from seeding to harvesting and lodging were not significantly different among planting distance. The stem length was increased as planting distance was shortened but the number of node, branch, pod per branch, pod per individual, weight of stem and pod, one hundred pod weight and rate of 2+3 seed per pod were decreased as planting density was increased. The size of vegetable soybeans was not significantly different among planting distance, but the harvest index of vegetable soybean was decreased as planting distance was shortened. Yield of vegetable soybean was increased as planting distance was decreased. However, the approriate densities for stem and pod weight per a plant, number of pod per a branch and the vegetable soybean yield of 2+3 seed per pod were different from that density. The optimal planting distance of varieties was $60{\sim}25\;cm$ in Sunheukkong and Ilpumgeomjeongkong and was $60{\sim}35\;cm$ in Galmikong.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

Genetic improvement of the cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] may be possible through hybridization with its wild progenitor, G. soja Sieb. & Zucc. Interspecific cross between G. max (Hwangkeumkong) and G. soja (IT.182932) was made in the summer of 1997. In F$_2$ the percentage of plant height, nodes per plant, and pods per plant were high but gradually reduced from F$_2$ to F$_4$. In contrast pod length, seeds per pod, and 100-seeds weight were increased gradually through generations advanced. Wild variation as evident in F$_2$ in plant height, number of branches, pods per plant, and 100-seeds weight. Twenty six percent of the F$_2$, 44 % of the F$_3$ and 60% of the F$_4$ segregants showed more G. max traits. The combination of useful traits from both species is possible through interspecific hybridization. The characters that could be transferred from wild species to cultivated species are more pod number, better capacity, and resistance to disease and insects. The interspecific derivatives offer scope for selection for high grain yield. Therefore, introducing genes from G. soja to G. max could be contribute to greater genetic diversity of future cultivars. And semicultivated soybean had some desired characteristics including tolerance to adverse environments and multi-seed characters. It means the infusing of semicultivated germplasm to the cultivated soybean could increase number of seeds and pods per plant significantly, and consequently could enhance selecting potential on yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.18
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• pp.124-155
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• 1975

To obtain the fundamental informations on the varietal improvement of peanut and to study the ecological variations of the important agronomic traits and to the relationship between the traits studied, an investigation was made on varietal classification of 489 introduced on the basis of their morphological and ecological differences at Crop Experiment Station, Suweon in 1968, and the other study conducted at some location as above in 1969 was to investigate the ecological variations of the materials in accordance with changes of seeding date using classified varietal group under 5 different seeding times from April 16 to July 7 with twenty days interval. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Peanut varieties tested were classified into Spanish, Virginia Erect, Virginia Runner, Southeast Runner. Valencia and Semirunner, on the basis of plant type, flowering time, number of grains per pod and grain size. 2. Characteristics of varietal group classified are as followings. (1) Spanish; erect, small grained and early maturing type. (2) Virginia Erect; erect, large grained and late flowering type. (3) Virginia Runner; runner, large grained and late maturing type. (4) Southeast Runner; runner, small grained and early maturing type. (5) Valencia; erect, small grained and early flowering type with 3-4 grains per pod. (6) Semi runner; semirunner, large grained and late flowering type. 3. Flowering period in respective varietal group was consistently shorted by delayed seeding date and the degree of shortening was more serious in late flowering varietal group. 4. Number of branches per plant was generally decreased in late seeding date in respective group. However, Spanish and Virginia Runner exhibited lower number of branches in the first seeding rather than the second seeding and the lowest number of branches was found in Spanish while the highest were Virginia Erect in all seeding date. 5. Shelling ratio was high in Spanish and Southeast Runner in any seeding date and decreased remarkedly by seeding after May. 6. Number of pod per plant in all varietal groups was remarkedly decreased by delayed seeding date and the degree of decreasing was more serious in large grain varietal group. 7. The higher pod weight per plant was found in second seeding date rather than first seeding and pod weight per plant was decreased obviously in all late seeding after the second. Therefore, among the cultivars tested, Southeast Runner noted the highest pod weight per plant while Virginia Runner showed the lowest. 8. Grain number per plant expressed the similar tendency as the pod weight per plant but was low in large grain group and high in small grain group in all seeding date employed. 9. 100 grain weight was heaviest in second seeding and was decreased remarkedly after the second and even the first seeding date. 10. Yield per 10a noted considerable variations in accordance with seeding date in all groups classified. However, the yield was increased in second seeding date (May 7) and decreased in the others. 11. Length of main stem and branches were exceptionally decreased in the first seeding date compare to the second in Spanish while other varieties were tend to be same between the indicated seeding date, but. these two traits were strikingly decreased in all seeding after the second. This tendency, however, strongly suggested the importance of environmental effects on peanut growth in terms of their changes due to the different seeding date. 12. Highly significant positive correlations were showed between yield and yield componets such as pod weight per plant, 100 grain weight and the number of grains per plant in all varietal groups except, Virginia Runner. However, the other characters were almost not correlated with yield and differences in correlation coefficients among the seeding dates were found. 13. Path coefficients estimated for yield components to yield was higher in number of grains per plant pod weight per plant and 100 grain weight in terms of direct effect and the other components were negligible in all varietal groups. 14. Heritabilities estimated were generally high in pod number per plant, shelling ratio, 100 grain weights and number of grains per pod and the other traits were relatively low.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.5 s.85
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• pp.599-605
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• 2007

Seed and pod numbers are the main yield components in soybean. Selection for increased yield potential is main goal of plant breeding. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs) that control pod number per plant, seed number per plant and pod in soybean. The 117 $F_{2:10}$ recombinant inbred lines(RILs) developed from a cross of 'Keunolkong' and 'Shinpaldalkong' were used. Two independent QTLs for pod number per plant were identified from linkage group(LG) F and L. Two QTLs for seed number per plant were located on LG F and L. Seed number per pod was related with three QTLs located on LG D1a, D1b and F. Pod and seed number per plant have two common QTLs on LG F and L.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.420-423
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• 2001

Combining ability in mungbean was studied in 15 quantitative traits through a 6 $\times$ 6 diallel cross. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were found conditioning the inheritane of nodes of the first peduncle, clusters per plant, clusters on main stem and branches, pods per plant, 1000 seed weight, grain yield per plant, biomass, and harvest index. The additive gene action was found significant for nodes on main stem, average internodal length, branches per plant, pods per cluster, pod length, and seeds per pod. The predominace of additive genetic variance was observed in all traits. For grain yield and yield components, the best combiner were VC3902A, VC1560D and ML-5, while the best combinations were the crosses VC3902A $\times$ ML-5, VC1560D $\times$ ML-5, and NM 92 $\times$ VC1560D.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 1992

This study was carried out to determine the optimum fertilizer level of phosphate for maximum yield of soiling cowpea(Vigna sinensis Endlicher) in Cheju. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1. Plant length, fresh yield, stem and leaf weight per plant, node number of main stem, primary branch number per plant, pod number per plant and pod weight per plant increased with increasing of phosphate level regardless of growth stage.2. Plant length and node number of main stem did not increase after August 25, 40 days after planting. Leaf weight and fresh yield were greatest on August 25, and then reduced. 3. Stem weight the number of leaves and pods and pod weight per plant increased until September 13, 80 days after planting. 4. Increased level of phosphate delayed leaf weight decrease after August 25. 5. Root length and root weight per plant increased with increasing level of phosphate regardless of growth stage, and they did not increase after Augest 25. 6. Nodule number and nodule weight per plant also increased as phosphate rate increased regardlessof growth stage. Nodule number and nodule weight were greatest on August 5, and then rapidly decreased.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.206-210
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• 2000

A total of 20 soybean recommended varieties which were developed until late 1980's in Korea was evaluated at Suwon. Comprehensive evaluation and correlation analysis were conducted on the agronomic characters. Great variations were found in these genotypes for branch number, pod number, and grain yield per plant. The variation in number of pods/plant ranged from 53 to 164, and in grain yield from 25.9 to 68.8 g. The coefficient of variation for most of the characters had a wide range. In correlation coefficient, grain yield per plant showed a positive phenotypic association with weight of pods, pod number of branches, and weight of stem. Multiple regression analysis was done to formulate selection criteria. It indicated that stout and medium-stature genotypes with more branches, resulting in varieties with more pods per plant but with medium-size seeds are available to obtain high-yielding varieties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 1998

Two determinate soybean cultivars, 'Baegunkong' and 'Namhaekong', were planted on 8 Jone, 23 June, and 8 July 1996 at Cheju at planting densities of 33, 43, 53, 63 plants per $m^2$ to determine the optimum planting density of double crop soybean for recently recommended cultivars in Cheju area at various planting dates. The plant height, and the diameter and node number of main stems decreased as planting was delayed. The plant height increased but the stem diameter and node number decreased with increasing planting density. Pod number per plant was greater for Namhaekong than for Baegunkong and was not affected by planting date. Pod number per plant decreased but pod numbers per $\textrm{m}^2$ increased with increasing planting density. The number of seeds per pod was greater at the two later plantings and fewer at the highest planting density. 100-seed weight decreased with delaying planting. The seed weight was lighter at the highest planting density for Baegunkong but there was no difference for Namhaekong among the planting densities. The seed yield of Baegunkong was greater for 23 June and 8 July plantings (2,280 and 2,420 kg/ha) than for 8 June planting (1,450 kg/ha) while that of Namhaekong was greatest at 23 June planting (2,690 kg/ha) compared with 8 June and 8 July plantings (1,890 and 2,080 kg/ha). Across the planting dates and cultivars, seed yield increased from 1,860 to 2,290kg/ha as the planting density increased from 33 to 53 plants/$\textrm{m}^2$ and then leveled off with a further increase in planting density.