• 제목/요약/키워드: Pod

검색결과 968건 처리시간 0.03초

기상요인이 대두종실수량에 미치는 영향 (The Relationship between Meteorogical Factors and Soybean Seed Yield)

  • 원종락;최용호;송희섭;권신한
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.351-357
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    • 1983
  • 예상요인이 대두에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 1976년부터 1981년까지의 강우량, 강수일수, 온도등의 기상요인과 동 기간에 재배한 봉의 품종의 수량을 비롯한 중요 농경형질간의 관계를 조사하여 얻어진 경과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 중요형질의 년차에 따른 변이계수는 등숙율이 37.9%, 수량 및 주당협수는 30%, 100립중은 5.5%였다. 2. 대두 재배기간 동안의 강우량, 강수일수, 온도 등을 월별로 보면 7, 8월의 기상요인이 생육에 크게 영향을 미치며 그 중 온도조건이 가장 문제가 되었다. 3. 7월의 최고, 최저 및 평균온도와 수량 및 립중, 8월의 최고온도와 수량 및 립중, 8월의 최고, 최저 및 평균온도와 등숙율과는 부의 상관이 있었다. 4. 예상요인과 수량과의 관계를 회귀직선식으로 나타내면 7월의 평균온도와 수량은 y=-42.46X +1200.86, 8월의 최고온도와 수량은 y=-37.95X +1210.42였다. 5. 중부지방의 맥전작재배지역에서는 개화기에 해당하는 7월 21일부터 7월 31일까지의 고온이 특히 대두의 수량감소를 가져온다.

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머신러닝 기반 준실시간 다중 위성 강수 자료 보정 (Bias-correction of near-real-time multi-satellite precipitation products using machine learning)

  • 정성호;레수안히엔;응웬반지앙;이기하
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.280-280
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    • 2023
  • 강수의 정확한 시·공간적 추정은 홍수 대응, 가뭄 관리, 수자원 계획 등 수문학적 모델링의 핵심 기술이다. 우주 기술의 발전으로 전지구 강수량 측정 프로젝트(Global Precipitation Measurement, GPM)가 시작됨에 따라 위성의 여러 센서를 이용하여 다양한 고해상도 강수량 자료가 생산되고 있으며, 기후변화로 인한 수재해의 빈도가 증가함에 따라 준실시간(Near-Real-Time) 위성 강수 자료의 활용성 및 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 준실시간 위성 강수 자료의 경우 빠른 지연시간(latency) 확보를 위해 관측 이후 최소한의 보정을 거쳐 제공되므로 상대적으로 강수 추정치의 불확실성이 높다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 앙상블 머신러닝 기반 수집된 위성 강수 자료들을 관측 자료와 병합하여 보정된 준실시간 강수량 자료를 생성하고자 한다. 모형의 입력에는 시단위 3가지 준실시간 위성 강수 자료(GSMaP_NRT, IMERG_Early, PERSIANN_CCS)와 방재기상관측 (AWS)의 온도, 습도, 강수량 지점 자료를 활용하였다. 지점 강수 자료의 경우 결측치를 고려하여 475개 관측소를 선정하였으며, 공간성을 고려한 랜덤 샘플링으로 375개소(약 80%)는 훈련 자료, 나머지 100개소(약 20%)는 검증 자료로 분리하였다. 모형의 정량적 평가 지표로는 KGE, MAE, RMSE이 사용되었으며, 정성적 평가 지표로 강수 분할표에 따라 POD, SR, BS 그리고 CSI를 사용하였다. 머신러닝 모형은 개별 원시 위성 강수 자료 및 IDW 기법보다 높은 정확도로 강수량을 추정하였으며 공간적으로 안정적인 결과를 나타내었다. 다만, 최대 강수량에서는 다소 과소추정되므로 이는 강수와 관련된 입력 변수의 개수 업데이트로 해결할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 불확실성이 높은 개별 준실시간 위성 자료들을 관측 자료와 병합하여 보정된 최적 강수 자료를 생성하는 머신러닝 기법은 돌발성 수재해에 실시간으로 대응 가능하며 홍수 예보에 신뢰도 높은 정량적인 강수량 추정치를 제공할 수 있다.

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How do diverse precipitation datasets perform in daily precipitation estimations over Africa?

  • Brian Odhiambo Ayugi;Eun-Sung Chung
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.158-158
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    • 2023
  • Characterizing the performance of precipitation (hereafter PRE) products in estimating the uncertainties in daily PRE in the era of global warming is of great value to the ecosystem's sustainability and human survival. This study intercompares the performance of different PRE products (gauge-based, satellite and reanalysis) sourced from the Frequent Rainfall Observations on GridS (FROGS) database over diverse climate zones in Africa and identifies regions where they depict minimal uncertainties in order to build optimal maps as a guide for different climate users. This is achieved by utilizing various techniques, including the triple collection (TC) approach, to assess the capabilities and limitations of different PRE products over nine climatic zones over the continent. For daily scale analysis, the uncertainties in light PRE (0.1 5mm/day) are prevalent over most regions in Africa during the study duration (2001-2016). Estimating the occurrence of extreme PRE events based on daily PRE 90th percentile suggests that extreme PRE is mainly detected over central Africa (CAF) region and some coastal regions of west Africa (WAF) where the majority of uncorrected satellite products show good agreement. The detection of PRE days and non-PRE days based on categorical statistics suggests that a perfect POD/FAR score is unattainable irrespective of the product type. Daily PRE uncertainties determined based on quantitative metrics show that consistent, satisfactory performance is demonstrated by the IMERG products (uncorrected), ARCv2, CHIRPSv2, 3B42v7.0 and PERSIANN_CDRv1r1 (corrected), and GPCC, CPC_v1.0, and REGEN_ALL (gauge) during the study period. The optimal maps that show the classification of products in regions where they depict reliable performance can be recommended for various usage for different stakeholders.

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A Review of Assistive Listening Device and Digital Wireless Technology for Hearing Instruments

  • Kim, Jin Sook;Kim, Chun Hyeok
    • 대한청각학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2014
  • Assistive listening devices (ALDs) refer to various types of amplification equipment designed to improve the communication of individuals with hard of hearing to enhance the accessibility to speech signal when individual hearing instruments are not sufficient. There are many types of ALDs to overcome a triangle of speech to noise ratio (SNR) problems, noise, distance, and reverberation. ALDs vary in their internal electronic mechanisms ranging from simple hard-wire microphone-amplifier units to more sophisticated broadcasting systems. They usually use microphones to capture an audio source and broadcast it wirelessly over a frequency modulation (FM), infra-red, induction loop, or other transmission techniques. The seven types of ALDs are introduced including hardwire devices, FM sound system, infra-red sound system, induction loop system, telephone listening devices, television, and alert/alarm system. Further development of digital wireless technology in hearing instruments will make possible direct communication with ALDs without any accessories in the near future. There are two technology solutions for digital wireless hearing instruments improving SNR and convenience. One is near-field magnetic induction combined with Bluetooth radio frequency (RF) transmission or proprietary RF transmission and the other is proprietary RF transmission alone. Recently launched digital wireless hearing aid applying this new technology can communicate from the hearing instrument to personal computer, phones, Wi-Fi, alert systems, and ALDs via iPhone, iPad, and iPod. However, it comes with its own iOS application offering a range of features but there is no option for Android users as of this moment.

첨단과학기술의 융복합을 통한 특수작전의 융합성 강화 방안 (How to Strengthen Convergeance of Special Operations through High-Tech Intertwinement )

  • 조상근;서강일;정민섭;유준성;민철기;박상혁
    • 문화기술의 융합
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.301-306
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    • 2023
  • 군사작전에서의 융합성은 다영역에서 운용되는 감시, 결심 및 대응자산이 창출하는 효과를 동시에 통합함으로써 달성되고, 특수작전도 예외는 아니다. 하지만 적지종심지역에서 수행되는 특수작전은 적, 지형, 지리, 기상 등으로부터 발생하는 도전에 직면하기 때문에 지상, 공중, 해상, 사이버·전자기, 우주 등의 다영역에서 창출되는 효과를 하나로 결집하기가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 도전을 상쇄하기 위한 방안으로 장거리 정찰타격드론, 첨단센서, 재밍포드, 모듈형 통신중계기 등 첨단과학기술의 융복합을 제시했다. 향후 4차 산업혁명의 발전으로 특수작전의 융합성을 강화할 수 있는 다양한 첨단과학기술이 출현할 것이다. 따라서 이를 탐색하는 노력은 후속연구로 지속되어야 할것이다.

큐브위성용 포고핀 기반 열선절단 분리장치의 열적 거동 분석 및 검증 (Numerical and Experimental Thermal Validation on Pogo-pin based Wire Cutting Mechanism for CubeSat Applications)

  • 손민영;채봉건;오현웅
    • 항공우주시스템공학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.94-102
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    • 2023
  • 큐브위성용 태양전지판 분리장치는 열선 또는 저항소자의 발열로 나일론선을 절단하여 구조물의 구속을 해제하는 나일론선 절단방식 구속분리장치가 주로 적용되고 있다. 일반적으로 태양전지판 조립체의 발사하중을 고려한 구조해석을 수행하여 구속분리장치의 설계가 이루어지고 있으나, 발사 이후 궤도 열환경에 대한 구속분리장치의 열적 검토 및 분석사례는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 현재 개발중인 큐브위성 STEP Cube Lab-II에 적용되는 나일론선 절단 기반 구속분리장치의 열적 안정성 평가를 수행하고자 한다. 위성이 POD (Picosatellite Orbital Deployer)에서 사출되고 태양전지판이 전개되기까지의 분리장치 온도 분포를 검토하여 분리장치의 허용온도 범위 내에서 안정적인 구속 분리가 될 수 있도록 분리장치에 대한 궤도 열해석을 수행하였다. 또한, 열해석 결과를 기반으로 열진공시험을 수행하여 분리장치의 설계를 검증하였다.

Comparative Agricultural Traits of Soybean Germplasm from East Asia

  • Yu-Mi Choi;Hyemyeong Yoon;Sukyeung Lee;Myoung-Jae Shin;Myung-Chul Lee;Joungyun Yi;On sook Hur;Na young Ro;Kebede Taye Desta
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 추계국제학술대회
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    • pp.51-51
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    • 2020
  • 콩의 원산지는 만주를 중심으로한 동북아시아를 원산지로 추정하고 있으며, 동아시아인 한국, 중국, 일본의 주요 식재료로 다양하게 이용되어왔다. 콩은 단백질과 지방의 공급원으로서 뿐 아니라 최근에는 콩의 생리활성 물질이 항암효과, 골다공증, 신장질환과 같은 질병예방에도 효과가 있는 것으로 알려지면서 활용가능성이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 유전자원센터에 보존 중인 콩 수집단에서 농업형질, 기초정보 등을 토대로 핵심집단을 작성하고 그 중 한국, 중국, 일본 수집단 각 425, 93, 42자원의 개화일수, 생육일수, 주당협수, 100립중, 주당수량과 같은 양적형질을 비교하였다. 개화일수와 생육일수는 중국수집 자원에서 평균38일, 107일로 가장 빠르며, 한국수집 자원은 평균 53일, 127일로 가장 늦었다. 협당립수는 중국수집 자원에서 협당 평균3립으로 가장 많았으며, 한국과 일본 수집자원은 각 2.3과 2.4립으로 유사하였다. 주당협수는 한국 수집자원에서 주당 평균 327.4개로 가장 많고 일본이 248.0개 중국이 224.4순으로 조사되었다. 100립중은 일본 수집 자원이 평균 33.6g으로 대립이 많고 한국 26.5g , 중국 21.1g 이었다. 주당수량은 한국 수집자원이 평균 119.8g, 일본 84.2g, 중국 76.8g순이었다. 이들 5개 양적형질을 토대로 군집분석한 결과 한국 자원은 대다수가 C3 그룹에 속하고, C1 그룹에 일부가 속하였으며, 일본 자원은 C3 그룹과 C2 그룹에, 중국 자원은 C2 그룹에 속하여 한국과 일본자원이 유사하고 중국자원과는 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 특성조사 결과는 자원의 수집, 도입시 다양성 확보를 위한 기초정보로 이용할 수 있다.

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Postoperative fluid therapy in enhanced recovery after surgery for pancreaticoduodenectomy

  • Sharnice Koek;Johnny Lo;Rupert Ledger;Mohammed Ballal
    • 한국간담췌외과학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.80-91
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    • 2024
  • Backgrounds/Aims: Optimal intravenous fluid management during the perioperative period for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) within the framework of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is unclear. Studies have indicated that excessive total body salt and water can contribute to the development of oedema, leading to increased morbidity and extended hospital stays. This study aimed to assess the effects of an intravenous therapy regimen during postoperative day (POD) 0 to 2 in PD patients within ERAS. Methods: A retrospective interventional cohort study was conducted, and it involved all PD patients before and after implementation of ERAS (2009-2017). In the ERAS group, a targeted maintenance fluid regimen of 20 mL/kg/day with a sodium requirement of 0.5 mmoL/kg/day was administered. Outcome measures included the mmol of sodium and chloride administered, length of stay, and morbidity (postoperative pancreatic fistula, POPF; acute kidney injury, AKI; ileus). Results: The study included 169 patients, with a mean age of 64 ± 11.3 years. Following implementation of the intravenous fluid therapy protocol, there was a significant reduction in chloride and sodium loading. However, in the multivariable analysis, chloride administered (mmoL/kg) did not independently influence the length of stay; or rates of POPF, ileus, or AKI (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggested that a postoperative intravenous fluid therapy regimen did not significantly impact morbidity. Notably, there was a trend towards reduced length of stay within an increasingly comorbid patient cohort. This targeted fluid regimen appears to be safe for PD patients within the ERAS program. Further prospective research is needed to explore this area.

Nutritional Intervention for a Critically Ill Trauma Patient: A Case Report

  • Seong Hyeon Kim;Sun Jung Kim;Woojeong Kim
    • Clinical Nutrition Research
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2022
  • Critically ill trauma patients generally show good nutritional status upon initial hospitalization. However, they have a high risk of malnutrition due to hyper-metabolism during the acute phase. Hence, suitable nutritional support is essential for the optimal recovery of these patients; therefore, outcomes such as preservation of fat-free mass, maintenance of immune functions, reduction in infectious complications, and prevention of malnutrition can be expected. In this report, we present the experience of a patient subjected to 40 days of nutritional interventions during postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) care. Although the patient was no malnutrition at ICU admission, enteral nutrition (EN) was delayed for > 2 weeks because of several postoperative complications. Subsequently, while receiving parenteral nutrition (PN), the patient displayed persistent hypertriglyceridemia. As a result, his prescription of PN were converted to lipid-free PN. On postoperative day (POD) #19, the patient underwent jejunostomy and started standard EN. A week later, the patient was switched to a high-protein, immune-modulating formula for postoperative wound recovery. Thereafter, PN was stopped, while EN was increased. In addition, because of defecation issues, a fiber-containing formula was administered with previous formula alternately. Despite continuous nutritional intervention, the patient experienced a significant weight loss and muscle mass depletion and was diagnosed with severe malnutrition upon discharge from the ICU. To conclude, this case report highlights the importance of nutrition interventions in critically ill trauma patients with an increased risk of malnutrition, indicating the need to promptly secure an appropriate route of feeding access for active nutritional support of patients in the ICU.

환경 인쇄 기술의 발전과 인쇄물의 $CO_2$ 발생량에 관한 연구 (A Study about Development of Environment Printing Technology and $CO_2$)

  • 이문학
    • 한국인쇄학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.89-114
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    • 2012
  • For as to world, the concern about the environment problem is enhanced than any other time in the past because of being 21 century. And the environment problem is highlighted as the world-wide issue. The time of the environment problem intimidates the alive of the mankind and presence of an earth over the time. It becomes the essentiality not being selection in the personal living or the economical viewpoint now to prepare for the climatic modification. As to the company management, the green growth period which it excludes the environment management considering an environment, cannot carry on the company the continued management comes. That is, in the change center of the management paradigm, there is the environment management. Nearly, the greenhouse gas which the publication industry is the environmental toxic material like all industries is generated. The greenhouse gas is ejected in the process of running the manufacturing process and print shop of the various kinds material used as the raw material of the book. Particularly, the tree felling for getting the material of the paper is known to reach the direct influence on the global warming. This study does according to an object it considers and organizes the environment parameter based on this kind of fact as to the publication industry. And it is determined as the reference which is used as the basic materials preparing the case that carbon exhaust right transaction(CAP and TRADE) drawing are enforced in all industries and is sustainable the management of the publication industry and reduces the environmental risk among the company many risk management elements and plans and enforces the publication related policy that there is a value. In the printing publication industry, this study tried to inquire into elements discharging the environmental pollutant or the greenhouse gas. Additionally, in the printed publication production process, it tried to inquire into the effort for an environment-friendly and necessity at the printing paper and the printers ink, regarded as the element discharging the greenhouse gas all kinds of the printing materials, operation of the print shop and all kinds of the machines and recycle process, and etc. These considerations make these industrial field employees aware of the significance about a conservation and environmental protection. They try to give a help in the subsequent study producing quantitatively each environmental parameter emission of green house gas. This makes the calculation of the relative $CO_2$ output reproached ultimately possible. Meanwhile, in a sense, many research protects and improving an environment in connection with the contents of research at the printing publication industrial field is in progress. There will be the voluntary human face that it has to protect an environment but this can not do by the outside factor according to all kinds of environment related law and regulation. Anyway, because of acting on company management as the factor of oppression, the increase of this environment-related correspondence cost could know that the research that the environment loading relates with a procurement and development, environment management system introduction, quality control standard, including, normalizing including a material, and etc. through the part of the effort to reduce the cost low was actively in progress. As to the green growth era, as follows, this paper prescribed the subject and alternative of the print publication industry. It is surrounded by the firstly new digital environment and the generation of the subject. And secondly the printing industry is caused by the point of time when the green growth leaves by the topic which is largest in the global industry and it increases. The printing publication industry has to prepare the bridgehead for the environment-friendly green growth as the alternative for this resolution with first. The support blown in each industry becomes the obligation not being selection. Prestek in which the print publishing was exposed to spend many energies and which is known as the practice of the sustainable print publishing insisted that it mentioned importance of the green printing through the white pages in 2008 and a company had to be the green growth comprised through the environment-friendly activity. The core management for the sustainable printing publication industry presented from Presstack white pages is compacted to 4 words that it is a remove, reduce, recover, and recycle. Second, positively the digital printing(POD) system should be utilized. In the worldwide print out market, the digital printing area stops at the level of 10% or so but the change over and growth of the market of an analog-to-digital will increase rapidly in the future. As to the CEO Jeff Hayes of the Infoland, the offset print referred to that it of the traditional method got old and infirm with the minor phase of the new printing application like the customer to be wanted publication and the print of the digital method led the market. In conclusion, print publishers have to grasp well the market flow in the situation where a digitalization cannot be generalized and a support cannot avoid. And it keeps pace with the flow of the digital age and the recognition about the effort for the development and environment problem have to be raised. Particularly, the active green strategy is employed for the active green strategy.