• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.1013-1025
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• 1993

Agriculture in Swaziland is the most important sector of the economy from the stand point of export earning, rural employment and dependency for family food. But, inspite of 65.5 percent of the household being busy in food production for family consumption in Swaziland, the import bill of food and live animals is rising from E119.7268 million in 1987/90 (An.St.Bul.1988) . A typical farm size, based on holding's growing crops, is only 1.93 ha which may prohibit owning a four wheel tractor for farm operations. The traditional hand tools are just not efficient and comfortable to operate in order to exploit full potential of the land. There are over 120.000 draught animals which have potential to be utilized in farming. The two wheel-tractor is another energy source which can be used for many farm-operations.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.150-152
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• 2006

The ethanol extract of Sida acuta Burm. (ALSA) whole plant was studied for its anti-ulcer activity against aspirin plus pylorous ligation induced gastric ulcer, HCl-ethanol induced ulcer, and water immersion stress induced ulcer (WISIU) in rats. We found that ALSA at a dose of 300 mg/kg, (orally) markedly decrease the incidence of ulcers in the first two models. ALSA showed reduction in gastric volume, free acidity, and ulcer index (53.69%). It has not reduced the total acidity significantly and no significant change in pH. It also showed 55.14% gastro protective activity, wheres standard drug sucralfate showed 94.85%. WISIU showed protection index 24.4%, whereas standard drug omeprazole (OMEZ) showed protection index 100%.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2013

The effects of long-term fertilization on soil biological properties and microbial community structure in the plough layer in a rice paddy soil in southern Korea were investigated in relation to the continuous application of chemical fertilizers (NPK), straw based compost (Compost), combination these two (NPK + Compost) for last 40 years. No fertilization plot (Control) was installed for comparison. Though fertilization significantly improved rice productivity over control, the long-term fertilization of NPK and compost combination was more effective on increasing rice productivity and soil nutrient status than single application of compost or chemical fertilizer. All fertilization treatments had shown significant improvement in soil microbial properties, however, continuous compost fertilization markedly increased soil enzyme and microbial activities as compared to sole chemical fertilization. Results of microbial community structure, evaluated by EL-FAME (ester-linked fatty acid methyl esters) method, revealed big difference among Control, NPK, and Compost. However, both Compost and Compost+NPK treatments belonged to the same cluster after statistical analysis. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendments could be more rational strategy to improve soil nutrient status and promote soil microbial communities than the single chemical fertilizer or compost application.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.291-303
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of commercial swine mycoplasma vaccine (M+$Pac^{(R)}$, Schering-Plough Animal HealthCo.) at different vaccination time points. Total 139 piglets were moved to experimental farm after weaning and were randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. Piglets of 3 treatment groups (A, B and C) were vaccinated twice at 1 and 3 weeks (A group), 3 and 5 weeks (B), and 6 and 8 weeks (C), respectively. All vaccinates showed higher antibody titers compared with nonvaccinates, and maintained to finish (P<0.001). Performance and RBC/WBC count showed no significant difference between groups. Vaccinates at 6-8 weeks showed better effect on decrease of clinical sign compared with vaccinates at 1-3 weeks and 3-5 weeks and nonvaccinates. Also, lung lesion assessment showed significant difference between vaccinates at 3-5 weeks and 6-8 weeks, and nonvaccinates and vaccinates at 1-3 weeks (P<0.05). Vaccinates at 3-5 score in comparison with other groups. In conclusion, these results suggested that vaccination at 3-5 weeks or later may be more effective than earlier vaccination.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2007

영남농업연구소에 보관된 토양 시료의 분석결과 밀양지역 논토양에서의 PAHs 함량 1978년 이후 지속적으로 감소되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 1978년에 $200{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$을 넘어서 1980년에 최고농도($237{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$)에 달하였으나, 이후 지속적으로 감소하여 2001년에는 $100{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$ 수준까지 감소하였다. 이상의 결과는 PAHs의 발생원이 적은 지역의 농경지에서는 1980년대 이후 대체적으로 PAHs의 농도가 감소하고 있고, 오염물질(PAHs)의 대기이동에 의한 토양오염의 우려가 비교적 낮다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2004

핵종 누출 사고시 논으로의 핵종 이동 평가를 위한 동적격실모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 모델에는 벼 재배에 필수적인 관개수를 고려하여 표면수 격실과 줄기기부흡수 개념을 도입하였고, 이식 전 쟁기질과 관개담수에 의한 토양 혼합을 고려하였으며, 벼 성장에 따른 뿌리흡수상수, 줄기기부흡수상수의 변화를 생체량의 함수로 모델링하였다. 모델의 타당성 조사를 위해 고리, 영광 및 울진 원자력 발전소 주변 지역에서 채취한 논 토양으로 벼를 재배하면서 벼 생육단계별로 수행된 $^{137}Cs$ 모의 침적 실험 해석에 모델을 적용하였다. 모델은 대체적으로 한 승수 내에서 실험 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.768-772
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• 2003

Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80) is a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant commonly used as an ingredient in dosing vehicles for pre-clinical in vivo studies (e.g., pharmacokinetic studies, etc.). Tween 80 increased apical to basolateral permeability of digoxin in Caco-2 cells suggesting that Tween 80 is an in vitro inhibitor of P-gp. The overall objective of the present study was to investigate whether an inhibition of P-gp by Tween 80 can potentially influence in vivo absorption of P-gp substrates by evaluating the effect of Tween 80 on the disposition of digoxin (a model P-gp substrate with minimum metabolism) after oral administration in rats. Rats were dosed orally with digoxin (0.2 mg/kg) formulated in ethanol (40％, v/v) and saline mixture with and without Tween 80 (1 or 10％, v/v). Digoxin oral AUC increased 30 and 61％ when dosed in 1 ％ and 10％ Tween 80, respectively, compared to control (P＜0.05). To further examine whether the increase in digoxin AUC after oral administration of Tween 80 is due, in part, to a systemic inhibition of digoxin excretion in addition to an inhibition of P-gp in the GI tract, a separate group of rats received digoxin intravenously (0.2 mg/kg) and Tween 80 (10％ v/v) orally. No significant changes in digoxin IV AUC was noted when Tween 80 was administered orally. In conclusion, Tween 80 significantly increased digoxin AUC and Cmax after oral administration, and the increased AUC is likely to be due to an inhibition of P-gp in the gut (i.e., improved absorption). Therefore, Tween 80 is likely to improve systemic exposure of P-gp substrates after oral administration. Comparing AUC after oral administration with and without Tween 80 may be a viable strategy in evaluating whether oral absorption of P-gp substrates is potentially limited by P-gp in the gut.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.564-569
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• 2015

In highland crop fields, saprolite is piled up approximately every three years as deep much as 20 to 30 cm because farmers expect that adding new materials may improve productivity and mitigate hazards by continuous cultivation of a single crop. Piling saprolite, however, has been reported to induce poor soil drainage. Effects of deep ploughing with a spading machine and an excavator were studied in sites located in Daekwanryeong-myeon, Pyeongchang in which soil physical properties were deteriorated by piled saprolite. The soil made of parent material of Samgag series was piled up over surface soil of Haggog series naturally developed in the area. Carrot was cultivated in the field. Productivity and growth factors of carrot were compared among control and deep ploughing by a spading machine and an excavator. Effective soil depth extended to 60 cm or greater by 60 cm deep ploughing by an excavator or 50 cm deep ploughing by a spading machine. On the other hand, effective soil depth was within 50 cm at control plot. Productivity of carrot responded to amelioration of soil physical properties. The productivity was greater in deep ploughing treatments than that of control or 30 cm ploughing. It suggested that increased productivity by deep ploughing was mainly related to breaking plough pan which inhibited extension of rooting zone.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1994

벼 건답직파(乾畓直播) 재배시(栽培時) 강우후(降雨後) 배수일수별(排水日數別) 토양수분함량(土壞水分含量)에 따른 적기파종(適期播種)과 입모율(立毛率) 향상(向上)으로 직파재배(直播栽培)의 유용성(有用性)을 증대(增大)시키고자 보통답(普通畓)(전북통(全北統))에서 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다 1. 강우후(降雨後) 배수일수별(排水日數別) 트랙터로타리 작업가능일수(作業可能日數)는 관행(慣行)에서 5일이상(日以上)이었으나 천공처리(穿孔處理)로 작업가능일수(作業可能日數)는 2~4일(日), 작업용역(作業容易) 범위(範圍)는 5~6일(日), 그리고 6일이상(日以上)은 작토(作土)의 물리성(物理性) 불량(不良)으로 비성력(非省力) 농작업(農作業) 일수(日數)였음. 2. 배수일수(排水日數)에 따른 토괴분포(土塊分布)는 관행(慣行)에서 배수후(排水後) 3일(日)째에 직경(直徑) 1cm 이하(以下)의 토괴분포(土塊分布)가 1%인 반면 천공처리구(穿孔處理區)에서는 15%였으며, 입모율향상(立毛率向上)을 위(爲)한 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量)은 관행(慣行)과 천공처리구(穿孔處理區)에서 31~32% 범위(範圍)였음. 3. 벼 성숙기(成熟期)의 콤바인 수확작업(收穫作業) 가능일수(可能日數)는 관행(慣行)은 9일(日)째, 천공처리구(穿孔處理區) 경우는 5일(日)째부터였음. 4. 천공처리시(穿孔處理時) 관행(慣行)보다 심토(心土)에서 경도(硬度) 및 용적밀도(容積密度)의 저하(低下), 기상(氣相) 및 투수성(透水性)이 증가(增加)하였고 작토(作土)의 유기물(有機物), 고토(苦土), 가리함량(加里含量)이 감소(減少)하였음. 5. 반당(反當) 백미수량(白米收量)은 관행(慣行)에서 배수후(排水後) 6일(日) 파종구(播種區)에서 415kg, 천공처리시(穿孔處理時)에는 배수후(排水後) 4일(日) 파종구(播種區)에서 440kg로 가장 양호(良好)하였음.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.351-356
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• 1997

시설(施設) 참외는 이른 봄부터 가을까지 계속(繼續) 재배(栽培)하여 높은 소득(所得)을 올릴 수 있으나 뿌리혹선충(線蟲) 발생등(發生等) 연작(連作) 장해(障害)로 인(因)하여 계속(繼續) 재배(栽培)가 불가능(不可能)하여 그 원인(原人)과 효과적(效果的)인 토양토양관리(土壤土壤管理) 방법(方法)을 연구(硏究) 조사(調査)하기 위(爲)하여 참외연작지(連作地)의 시비량조사(施肥量調査), 토양분석(土壤分析), 객토실시(客土實施) 효과(效果) 및 참외 수확(收穫) 후(後)의 토양관리(土壤管理) 방법(方法)에 따른 효과(效果)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 참외 연작장해(連作障害)는 3, 4년(年) 이상(以上) 연작시(連作時) 심해지며 장해(障害) 요인(要因)으로 염농도(鹽濃度) (EC)는 2.50 dS/m 이상(以上)에서 연장 재배가 불가능하였으며 연작장해(連作障害) 대책(對策)으로 실시(實施)하는 객토(客土)는 10a당(堂) 500 M/T를 넣고 토양시비(土壤施肥) 관리(管理)는 볏짚은 30%, 3요소(尿素)는 10% 정도(程度) 더주었을때 효과적(效果的)이었으며 그때 상품과(商品果) 및 당도(糖度)는 적어도 2년(年) 동안 각각(各各) 10%, $2.6^{\circ}$(Brix)증가 하였다. 참외 수확후(收穫後) 토양관리(土壤管理)는 참외를 6월하순(月下旬)에 수확(收穫)한 후(後) 벼재배(栽培) 하는 것이 연작(連作) 장해(障害)를 막는 방법(方法)으로 가장 좋았다. 부득이한 경우(境遇) 참외를 7-8월에 수확(收穫)한 후(後) 고온기(高溫期)에 40일간(日間) 담수(湛水) 태양열(太陽熱) 처리(處理)하거나 참외를 9-10월에 수확(收穫)한 후(後) 포크레인으로 심토(心土) 50cm이상(以上)까지 반전(反轉)하면 효과(效果)가 있었다.