• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2005

In this study, film type radiation sensor tips are fabricated for remote sensing of X or g-ray with inorganic scintillators and plastic optical fiber. The visible range of light from the inorganic scintillator that is generated by X and g-ray is guided by the plastic optical fiber and is measured by optical detector and power-meter. It is expected that the fiber-optic radiation sensor which is possible to be developed based on this study is used for remote, fast and exact sensing of X or g-ray because of its characteristics such as very small size, light weight and no interference to electromagnetic fields.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2021

Background: Children with cleft lip and/or palate can be undernourished due to feeding difficulties after birth. A vicious cycle ensues where malnutrition and low body weight precludes the child from having the corrective surgery, in the absence of which the child fails to gain weight. This study aimed to identify the proportion of malnutrition, including the deficiency of major micronutrients, namely iron, folate and vitamin B12, in children with cleft lip and/or palate and thus help in finding out what nutritional interventions can improve the scenario for these children. Methods: All children less than 5 years with cleft lip and/or cleft palate attending our institute were included. On their first visit, following were recorded: demographic data, assessment of malnutrition, investigations: complete blood count and peripheral blood film examination; serum albumin, ferritin, iron, folate, and vitamin B12 levels. Results: Eighty-one children with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Mean age was 25.37±21.49 months (range, 3-60 months). In 53% of children suffered from moderate to severe wasting, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Iron deficiency state was found in 91.6% of children. In 35.80% of children had vitamin B12 deficiency and 23.45% had folate deficiency. No correlation was found between iron deficiency and the type of deformity. Conclusion: Iron deficiency state is almost universally present in children with cleft lip and palate. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation should be given at first contact to improve iron reserve and hematological parameters for optimum and safe surgery.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.111-123
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics of strawberries and N₂O emission by treating the compost for each type of livestock manure, which was an organic farming material, as a basal fertilization in plastic film house. Livestock manure compost, which made from cattle manure, swine manure, and poultry manure as raw materials, were applied to this experiment, treated by mixing or single on the basis of nitrogen content with the standard amount of fertilizer for strawberries. Total emission of N₂O were 10.7% higher than those in poultry manure compost treatment compared to the inorganic fertilizer treatment, but 16.5~41.9% lower than those in other livestock manure compost treatment. The period of N₂O emission mainly was up to the 17th day after fertilizer application, accounting for 70~87% of the total amount of discharge, and 13~30% of the total amount was emitted for 158 days later. N₂O emission was decreased significantly NH₄⁺-N content in the soil, and increased NO₃^--N. As compared with control, the number of leaves, leaf width and crown diameter of livestock manure compost treatments were not significantly different, leaf length of cattle+poultry, cattle+ swine, swine+poultry treatment higher, and SPAD (soil plant analysis development) values of cattle+poultry treatment highest. There was no significant difference in weight and sugar content of strawberry fruits among treatments.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.195-207
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• 2021

Background and objective: While response measures to particulate matters in rural areas are limited due to poor inventory record keeping in the agricultural sector, it is necessary to control agricultural waste vinyl and the emission of precursors released from open burning and the secondary generation of particulate matters. Currently, the open burning emission calculation method uses the definition prescribed in CAPSS by the National Institute of Environmental Research. Methods: This study presented an open burning emission calculation formula for agricultural waste vinyl, which is included as agricultural waste. As for activity data, the open burning ratio of agricultural waste vinyl, and the annual incineration volume provided in the Status Survey by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs were applied. The emission factor was generated through incineration tests on three agricultural plastic film samples collected by the Korea Environment Corporation. Results: Among precursors, SOx and NOx were selected and their emission features were monitored with incineration experiment infrastructure based on the EPA 5G method. The highest emission concentration by agricultural waste type was concentrated in the first and second quarters. As for emission factor of SO₂, it was calculated at 98.25 g/kg for mulching-use LDPE, 52.31 g/kg for greenhouse-use LDPE, and 14.40 g/kg for HDPE. As for NOx, it was calculated at 18.21 g/kg for mulching-use LDPE, 16.49 g/kg for greenhouse-use LDPE, and 10.67 g/kg for HDPE. Conclusion: This test confirmed the incineration features of PE-based plastics, ascertained the SOx emission factor that had not been included in open burning in the past, and established that low NOx emission concentration is interfered by soil mixed with livestock excretions. The findings from this study are expected to contribute to improving the system for controlling air pollutants in rural environments.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1065-1071
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• 2002

The friction and wear behaviors of magnetron sputtered MoS$_2$ films were investigated through the use of a pin and disk type tester. The experiments were performed for two kinds of specimens (ground (Ra 0.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$) and polished (Ra 0.01 $\mu\textrm{m}$) substrates) under the following operating condifions : linear sliding velocities in the range of 22～66 mm/s (3 types), normal loads varying from 9.8～29.4 N(3 types) and atmospheric conditions of air, medium and high vacuum (3types). Silicon nitride pin was used as the lower specimen and magnetron sputtered MoS$_2$ on bearing steel disk was used as the upper specimen. The results showed that low friction property of the MoS$_2$ films could be identified in high vacuum and the specific wear rate in air was much higher than that in medium and high vacuum due to severe oxidation. It was found that the main wear mechanism in air was oxidation whereas in high vacuum accumulation of plastic flow and adhesion, were the main causes of wear.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.134-134
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• 2016

The effect of different thermal treatments on the sub-50 nm copper nanoparticles is examined in the aspects of chemical, electrical and surface morphology. The copper nanoparticles are chemically synthesized and fabricated for paste-type solution. Simple bar coating method is practiced as a deposition process to form copper thin film on a typical slide glass. Deposited copper thin films are annealed by two different routes: general tube furnace with 99.99 % Ar atmosphere and selective laser sintering process. The thermal behavior of the different thermal-treated copper thin films is compared by SEM, XRD, FT-IR and XPS analysis. In this study, the laser sintering process ensures low annealing temperature, fast working speed and ambient-accessible route. Moreover, the laser-sintered copper thin film shows good electrical property and enhanced chemical stability than conventional thermal annealing process. Consequently, the proposed laser sintering process can be compatible with plastic substrate for flexible applications.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.367-372
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• 2000

The film-type specimen of poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) was stepwise elongated under tension with various speed range of about 0.5~500 mm/min, and then the necking behavior during its plastic deformation was observed. When elongated at the speed range of about 20~100 mm/min, stress oscillation was apparently occurred in the stress-strain curve. When elongated at the speed range of about 200~500 mm/min, stress oscillation was not did. The transparent/opaque zone and cross-section area in the specimen elongated at the speed of about 50 mm/min were examined using the optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion characteristic of the specimen elongated at the speed of about 50 mm/min in 3.8 M NaOH alkali solution was examined using the optical microscopy.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2013

Packaging of solar salts produced in Korea and Japan were evaluated and compared each other in terms of packaging design such as package types, colors and graphics. The standing pouch type in plastic film was most popular for the Korean salts regardless of the package capacity. But the same type was common only for the lower package capacity of 300 g or less while the plastic film pouch was prevalent for the higher capacity for the Japanese salts. White and brown were dominant colors for the Korean solar salts reminding us of salt farms and the foreshore respectively and strengthening its color identity. White, blue and red were used for the dominant, assort and accent colors respectively for the Japanese salt packaging. Salt farmers and the foreshore are often represented as the main package graphics for the Korean solar salts while the wave symbolising the sea was found frequently for the Japanese ones. The word of 'Shinan' was involved the most in the brand names of the Korean salts and the sea was appeared very often in those of the Japanese ones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.151-151
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• 2009

Recently, there has been increasing interest in amorphous oxide semiconductors to find alternative materials for an amorphous silicon or organic semiconductor layer as a channel in thin film transistors(TFTs) for transparent electronic devices owing to their high mobility and low photo-sensitivity. The fabriction of amorphous oxide-based TFTs at room temperature on plastic substrates is a key technology to realize transparent flexible electronics. Amorphous oxides allows for controllable conductivity, which permits it to be used both as a transparent semiconductor or conductor, and so to be used both as active and source/drain layers in TFTs. One of the materials that is being responsible for this revolution in the electronics is indium-zinc-tin oxide(IZTO). Since this is relatively new material, it is important to study the properties of room-temperature deposited IZTO thin films and exploration in a possible integration of the material in flexible TFT devices. In this research, we deposited IZTO thin films on polyethylene naphthalate substrate at room temperature by using magnetron sputtering system and investigated their properties. Furthermore, we revealed the fabrication and characteristics of top-gate-type transparent TFTs with IZTO layers, seen in Fig. 1. The experimental results show that by varying the oxygen flow rate during deposition, it can be prepared the IZTO thin films of two-types; One a conductive film that exhibits a resistivity of $2\times10^{-4}$ ohm${\cdot}$cm; the other, semiconductor film with a resistivity of 9 ohm${\cdot}$cm. The TFT devices with IZTO layers are optically transparent in visible region and operate in enhancement mode. The threshold voltage, field effect mobility, on-off current ratio, and sub-threshold slope of the TFT are -0.5 V, $7.2\;cm^2/Vs$, $\sim10^7$ and 0.2 V/decade, respectively. These results will contribute to applications of select TFT to transparent flexible electronics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2002

The uplift capacity and displacement of an earth anchor for improving the wind resistance of the 1-2W type plastic film pipe on greenhouse was tested using the steel circular vertical earth anchor with various diameters and embedded depths (L) in dry sand. The diameter (B) of the model anchor is 90mm, 120mm, 150mm, respectively. The model tests were performed embedded depth ratios (L/B) ranging from $1{\sim}3$ in loose density. In the case of diameter 90mm, as the uplift loading increased, the uplift capacity also increased until the loading was reached to ultimate uplift capacity. After that, the uplift capacity was continually increased or decreased until the experiment was finished. In general, the ultimate uplift capacity was different depending upon the anchor diameter and embedded depth ratios.