• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2002

The vitamin $B_{6}$ status of 49 healthy college student (women, aged 20-26 y) was estimated for evaluation of vitamin $B_{6}$ status and the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin $B_{6}$. The average daily vitamin $B_{6}$ intake of the subjects was 0.86 $\pm$ 0.289 mg/d or 61.43 $\pm$ 24.10% of Korean RDA. The average ratio of vitamin $B_{6}$ intake to daily protein intake was 0.014 $\pm$ 0.003 mg/g protein. Foods from animal and plaint sources provided 34.25 $\pm$ 18.62% and 65.78 $\pm$ 18.72%, respectively, of total vitamin $B_{6}$. Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentration was significantly (p<.01 - p<.001) positively correlated to intakes of all other nutrients except vitamin C. However, no significant correlation was found between plasma PLP and nutrient intake. Vitamin $B_{6}$ intake only tended to have a positive correlation with plasma PLP concentration. Plasma total cholesterol was correlated to plasma PLP concentration (p<.05). Plasma PLP had no correlation with levels of glucose, triglyceride, and albumin. These results confirm that the present Korea RDA for vitamin $B_{6}$ of 1.4mg/d based on 0.02 mg/g protein is adequate.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 1998

The aim of the present investigation was to see whether an anabolic steroid, nandrolone phenylpropionate (NPP), exerts protienanabolic effects under such adverse nutritional conditions as protein deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition in male rats. feeding on a low-protein (8% casein) diet resulted in a marked reduction in body weight gain that was associated with reductions in body protein and protein content of gastrocnemius muscle. Administration of NPP (4 mg/kg body weight) did not alter muscle and body protein depletion induced by a low-protein diet. 50% food restriction caused reductions in body protein and in protein content of gastrocnemius muscle. These reductions were partially prevented by NPP (4 mg/kg body weight). Food restriction did not affect plasma concentration of corticosterone, insulin, or tetosterone plus dihydrotestosterone. On the other hand, neither plasma concentration of corticosterone nor insulin were affected by NPP. The present results show that anabolic steroids do not express anabolic effects under conditions of protein deficiency, but in protein-energy malnutrition, anabolic steroids exert their anabolic effects even in male rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2006

This experiment was performed to examine the influences of high ambient temperature on milk production, nutrient digestibility, energy and protein sufficiency ratio, and plasma metabolites concentration in lactating cows. In a $2{\times}2$ crossover design, four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were maintained in a chamber under treatment of constant moderate ($18^{\circ}C$) ambient temperature (MT) or high ($28^{\circ}C$) ambient temperatures (HT). The DMI and milk protein yield were significantly lower in HT (p<0.05). The milk yield, milk lactose yield, and milk SNF yield tended to be lower in HT (p<0.10). No statistical differences for 4% fat-corrected milk and milk fat yield were observed. Rectal temperatures were significantly higher in HT than MT (p<0.05). The apparent DM, OM, ether extract, CF, and ash digestibility did not differ between treatments. On the other hand, the apparent CP digestibility was increased significantly (p<0.05) and nitrogen free extract tended to increase (p<0.10) in HT. The sufficiency ratio of ME and DCP intake for each requirement tended to be lower in HT than in MT (p<0.10). Concentrations of total protein (TP), albumin, and urea nitrogen in plasma did not differ between treatments. Plasma 3-methylhistidine (3MH) concentration as a marker of myofibrillar protein degradation tended to be higher in HT (p<0.15). In conclusion, high ambient temperature was associated with a lower energy and protein sufficiency ratio, and decreased milk protein production, even though the body protein mobilization tended to be higher.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.167-172
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• 1969

Total amount of Calories and protein intakes of fishing villagers show higher level than those of farming and mountain villagers, however, the proportion of animal protein (meat protein) in total amount of protein intakes of mountain villagers is much lesser than those of other two villagers. Blood specific gravity, serum protein content and serum tryptophan content were low in inhabitants of mountainous area than those of other two villagers, and in the serum protein fractions, the Albumin Globulin ratio (A/G ratio) show also lower value in inhabitants of mountainous area than those of other two villagers. It is interesting result that serum tryptophan content (serum protein tryptophan) presented a significant positive correlation with that of serum gamma globulin and a significant negative correlation with that of serum albumin. The fact of farming villagers under twenty year old female showing plasma vitamine deficiency phenomenon, however, the plasma carotene value show higher level indicates that the most of the plasma carotene being hardly transfered to the plasma vitamine A in blood. The thiamine value in urine of mountain villagers show higher level than others, it indicates that there is correlation between their poor protein intakes and amount of thiamine ia urine. And the data obtained in the present study could be established by the result of animal experiment reported by Koyanagi et al. and the result of previous paper of auther.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1011-1018
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the plasma phosphoproteome and differential plasma phosphoproteins in cases of of Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-related cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Plasma phosphoproteomes from CCA patients (10) and non-CCA subjects (5 each for healthy subjects and OV infection) were investigated using gel-based and solution-based LC-MS/MS. Phosphoproteins in plasma samples were enriched and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. STRAP, PANTHER, iPath, and MeV programs were applied for the identification of their functions, signaling and metabolic pathways; and for the discrimination of potential biomarkers in CCA patients and non-CCA subjects, respectively. A total of 90 and 60 plasma phosphoproteins were identified by gel-based and solution-based LC-MS/MS, respectively. Most of the phosphoproteins were cytosol proteins which play roles in several cellular processes, signaling pathways, and metabolic pathways (STRAP, PANTHER, and iPath analysis). The absence of serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 3 (A6NNA2), tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member 6, and biorientation of chromosomes in cell division protein 1-like (Q8NFC6) in plasma phosphoprotein were identified as potential biomarkers for the differentiation of healthy subjects from patients with CCA and OV infection. To differentiate CCA from OV infection, the absence of both serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 126 precursor (Q96EE4) were then applied. A combination of 5 phosphoproteins may new alternative choices for CCA diagnosis.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2005

Although 2D-PAGE has been widely used as the primary method for protein separation, difficulties in displaying proteins with an extreme values of isoelectric paint (pI), molecular size and hydrophobicity limit the technique. In addition, time consuming steps involving protein transfer and extraction from the gel-pieces can result in sample loss. Here, we describe a novel protein separation technique with capillary size-exclusion chromatography (CSEC) for rapid protein identification from human plasma. The method includes protein fractionation along with molecular size followed by in-solution tryptic digestion and peptide analysis through reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) coupled to nanoflow electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Tryptic peptides are applied an a $100\;{\mu}m\;i.d.{\times}10mm$ length pre-column and then separated on a $75\;{\mu}m{\times}200mm$ analytical column at -100 nL/min flaw rate. Proteins were identified over the wide ranges of pI (3.7-12.3) when this technique was applied to the analysis of $1-2\;{\mu}L$ of human plasma. This gel-free system provides fast fractionation and may be considered a complementary technique to SDS-PAGE in proteomics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 1972

An analysis of the free amino acid contained in the plasma and erythrocytes of the six groups of Wistar Strain male adult rats(body weight 200-300g) having fasted for sixteen hours was made by means of the HITACHI Amino Acid Autoanalyzer and the result of which was corrected with RC-24 B TOMY Micro Hematocrit Centrifuge. There was a depression of the plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the noprotein diet with ad libitum feeding. But on the 20% casein diet there was an elevation in the levels of free amino acid and consequently alanine, glysine, lysine, serine and arginine level in the erythrocytes and threonine glutamic acid and taurine level in the plasma increased on the high protein diet. There was more plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the 5% casein-30% fat diet than on the 5% casein-no fat diet with pair-feeding. In comparison, on the low calorie diet more free amino acids were found in plasma than in erythrocytes, but on the higher calorie diet more free amino acids were found in the erythrocytes than in the plasma. On the 20% casein-30% fat diet with pair-feeding the erythrocytes free amino acids level increased but in plasma free amino acids level decreased. Such as an opposite result was given in plasma and erythrocytes free amino acids level. In the pair-fed four groups, erythrocytes per plasma generally increased in the rate of less than 10.0 as the calorie increased. The essential amino acid per non essential amino acid generally increased in the ratio as protein level and calorie increased, and that ratio range was from 0.2 to 0.7. And essential amino acid per non essential amino acid of plasma was higher than that of erythrocytes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 1990

A physiological pharmacokinetic hybrid model was developed in order to predict the disposition kinetics of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in the brain from the plasma conentration data of DPH. The model was constructed under the assumptions of well-stirred, plasma flow-limited and lienar tissue diposition kinetics of DPH. DPH was administered intravenously to the rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg together with/without sodium salicylate (SA;10 mg/kg) and the DPH concentrations in the plasma and brain were determined. Plasma protein binding of DPH concentrations in the plasma and brain were determined. Plasma protein binding of DPH was also determined using equilibrium dialysis technique. Then the model was tested for its predictability of DPH concentrations in the brian from the plasma data of DPH. It was found that the predicted values of DPH concentrations in the brian were in fair agreement with the experimental values in the rats of both treatments. The 2-fold increase in the brain concentration of DPH by SA-coadinistration was predicted well from the plasma concentration and plasma free fraction ($f_p$) data of DPH using the model. Therefore, the hybrid model was concluded to be very useful for the prediction of the concentrations of DPH in the brain from the plasma concentration data. Finally, DPH concentrations in the human brian was calculated using this model from plasma DPH data in the literature, yet the scale-up of this model to the human is not convinced.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 1980

To determine in vitro effects of phenylbutazone and niflumic acid on warfarin binding to rabbit serum protein, warfarin was added to the rabbit plasma, and the bound fraction was determined by warfarin-protein complex fluorescence. The bound fraction was decreased by phenylbtazone and niflumic acid. From this effect niflumic acid was found to have the more potent ability to displace warfarin from protein binding sites than phenylbutazone.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.267-278
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• 2005

Postmenopausal women or ovariectomized rats are associated with increased cholesterol levels, which are risk factors of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome after menopause might be associated with estradiol deficiency. Harmful effect of estradiol hampers the casual usage of hormone to prevent the metabolic syndrome. Soy protein has been reported to show several beneficial effects on health, however it is unclear which components of soy protein is responsible for anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects. Soy isoflavones, gem-stein and daizein, are suggested to have anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects but with inconsistency. The present study investigated the effect of supplementation of genistein (experiment I) and soy protein containing isoflavones (experiment II) to high fat diet on body weight gain, food intake, liver and fat tissue weight and the lipid levels in ovariectomized rats. Plasma and hepatic lipid contents and the mRNA levels of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, such as CPT1 and HMGR were measured. Ovariectomy increased body weight, fat tissue weight and plasma and hepatic lipid levels which increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Soy protein could improve plasma and hepatic lipids levels. Soy protein also increased hepatic CPT1 and HMGR mRNA levels. Plasma and hepatic lipids levels could not be decreased by dietary genistein alone. In contrast, lipids levels could be decreased by isoflavone-fortified soy protein, suggesting that the ingestion of soy protein enriched with isoflavone gives more benefit for protecting postmenopausal women from metabolic syndrome.