• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a butanol fraction of fraction of Alisma canaliculatum All. Braun et Bouche (Ac), and of selenium (Se), on plasma gllucose and lipid levee in streptozotocin (STD-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, fed the AIN-93 recommended diet, were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic control group (no STZ treatment), and four 572-induced diabetic groups which consisted of a diabetic-control group, an Ac-treated group, an Ac-Se treated group, and a Se-treated group. Diabetes was induced in the rats by an injection of STZ into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of Ac was orally administered at a rate of 400 mg/kg body weight for 21 days to both the Ac and Ac-Se groups. The supplementation of selenium in the Se and Ac-Se groups was achieved by adding (freshly, every day) 2 mg of Se as Na$_2$SeO$_3$ per kg of feed. The rats'body weights and hematocrit (Hct) levels were measured, along with plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA). Aminotransferase activities were also analyzed. The non-diabetic rats gained weight, while the diabetic rats lost weight - except in the Ac-Se group, which maintained their initial weight. The blood glucose levels of the Ac group and the Se group were significantly lower than for the diabetic-control group. The plasma triglyceride levels were lowered when both Ac and Se were administered to diabetic rats. The concentrations of plasma FFA in the Ac-Se group were significantly lower compared with the diabetic-control group. Plasma cholesterol levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in the Ac, Ac-Se, and Se groups were significantly lower when compared with the diabetic-control group. Aspartate aminotransferase activity was significantly lower in the Se group compared to the other diabetic groups. These data show that treatment with a butanol fraction of Ac in combination with Se has no synergistic effect. Plasma glucose levels tended to be low when Se was administered to diabetic rats. Supplementation of Se in diabetic rats did not elicit a significant increase in plasma insulin levels or result in hypolipemic effects.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.702-708
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• 2005

잣의 혈중 콜레스테롤 저하효과를 동물실험을 통하여 확인하기 위하여 기본식이(정상군), 기본식이에 콜레스테롤을 첨가한 식이(대조군), 그리고 기본식이에 콜레스테롤과 여러 농도의 잣을 함유한 실험식이(실험군)를 각 군별로 섭취하게 한 결과 잣의 농도에 따른 식이섭취량과 체중변화량의 유의적인 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 식이효율은 저농도로 잣을 섭취한 경우에는 대조군과 차이를 나타내지 않았지만 10% 이상의 고농도의 잣을 섭취한 경우에는 식이효율이 높았다. 본 연구에 사용한 농노범위(1-20%)에서는 잣 섭취에 의해 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량과 동맥경화지수가 감소하는 효과가 나타나지 않았으며 이는 잣에 함유된 다량의 지방이 섭취됨으로써 잣이 지니는 콜레스테롤 저하효과가 감쇄하였기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 잣 성분이 HMG-CoA reductase와 cholesterol esterase의 저해활성을 지니는지 확인하기 위하여 hexane과 물을 사용하여 잣 성분을 추출한 후 각 추출물에 대한 HMG-CoA reductase와 cholesterol esterase의 저해활성을 측정한 결과 잣의 hexane 추출물은 66%의 HMG-CoA reductase 저해활성을 지니고 있었으며 물 추출물은 저해활성을 나타내지 않았다. 한편 잣의 hexane 추출물과 물 추출물은 cholesterol esterase에 대한 저해활성은 지니고 있지 않았다. 결론적으로 혈중 콜레스테롤의 함량 저하효과는 가공하지 않은 잣의 섭취에 의해서는 기대하기 어려우므로, 향후 잣의 hexane 추출물 중의 유용성분이 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량 저하효과를 지니는지에 대한 동물실험을 수행할 가치가 있다고 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2001

The hypolipidemic effect of the diet containing uncooked food was evaluated in hyperlipidemic rats. Body weightgain, food intake and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different among the diet groups examined. Significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol(8.8%), triglyceride(10.0%) and LCL-cholesterol(34.8%) were observed in uncooked food diet groups, and the liver total cholesterol and triglyceride level to the extent of 8.7% and 16.7%, respectively. Uncooked food groups substantially increased the plasma HDL to total cholesterol ratio(47.2%) and decreased the atherogenic index(37.6%) as well. Gut transit time for uncooked food was significantly higher, up to 104 minutes, compared to that of control diet group. These results suggest that uncooked food may have beneficial effects on blood lipid level and gut transit time in hyperlipidemc rats.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.639-647
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• 1997

The hypoglycemic effects of five Korean wild vegetables, Aralia continentalis (A. con.), Castanea crenata (C. cre.), Xanthium strumarium (K, str.), Alisma canaliculatum (A. can,) and Eupatorium chinense var. simplicifolium for tripartium (E. tri) which have been utilized for the traditional remedies were investigated in this study. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injections of streptozotocin (STZ) into the tail veins at a dose of 45 mg/kg. Five groups of STZ-induced diabetic rats were fed one of each experimental diet containing 10% of the Korean wild vegetable powder and normal and STZ-control rats were fed the control diet for five weeks. The body weight change, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and organ weights were compared. The plasma levels of glucose, protein, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and aminotransferase activity were determined. Mineral (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) contents of the Korean wild vegetables were analyzed. The body weight gain was higher in normal, C. cre., A. can. and E. tri. groups than in the diabetic control group. The FER of C. cre., A. can. and E. tri. groups was significantly higher (p.＜0.05) than that of diabetic control group. Liver weight was heavier in A. con., X. str. and A. can. groups compared with the diabetic control group. The weights of kidney were lighter in all five Korean wild vegetable groups than in the diabetic control group. After five weeks, the plasma glucose level tends to be decreased in A. con., A. can. and E. tri. groups. Plasma cholesterol level was decreased the Korean wild vegetables except for X. str. group. Plasma HDL- cholesterol level was significantly higher in A. con., A. can. and E. tri. groups compared with the diabetic control group. Plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were significantly higher in X. str. group compared with the diabetic control group. Mineral contents were higher in E. tri. (Ca, K, Na and Fe). The results suggest that the intakes of A. con., A. can. and E. tri. have a hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats showing the possibility as the valuable food resources for the prevention of diabetic mellitus.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2014

BACKGROUD/OBEJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that obese people with dyslipidemia is more likely to have increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant status, in comparison with the controls who were obese without dyslipidemia. Thus, the aims of the present study were to determine the dietary intakes, plasma adipokines, and antioxidative systems between obese with dyslipidemia and obese without dyslipidemia were investigated. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Female subjects who were between 20 and 55 years old, and whose BMI was 23 or greater were recruited. Subjects who met the criteria of $BMI{\geq}23$, total cholestero ${\geq}200mg/dL$, LDL cholesterol ${\geq}130mg/dL$, and $TG{\geq}110mg/dL$ were categorized Obese with dyslipidemia. Anthropometric measurements and blood biochemical tests were conducted. The diet survey was conducted by a trained dietitian using two days of 24 hour dietary recall. The lipid peroxidation, the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the activities of antioxidantive enzymes, and various antioxidantive vitamins levels were determined. RESULTS: Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were also determined. There were no significant differences for age, Body Mass index (BMI), and body fat (%), waist-size between two groups. Obese with dyslipidemia had significantly high levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-C, and the ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C, respectively. Blood alkaline phosphatase level was statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05). No statistical significance in dietary intake between two groups was shown. In case of obese with dyslipidemia group, the levels of GSH-Px (P < 0.05) and catalase (P < 0.05) as well as adjusted blood retinol (P < 0.05) and tocopherol level (P < 0.05) were significantly low. However, the plasma concentration of leptin was significantly high (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity with dyslipidemia was shown to have high arthtrogenic index, depleted antioxidant status, and higher blood leptin levels which suggest higher risks of oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2012

Forty guinea pigs were divided into four groups and fed 0.04% cholesterol based control diet, plus 0.05% simvastatin, and statin plus 0.1% CoQ10 or 10% Ardisia Japonica Blume (AJB) leave powder for 4 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol levels decreased significantly in all groups fed the statin-containing diet compared with that in guinea pigs fed the control diet (P < 0.01). Plasma and liver triglycerides decreased significantly in the statin plus CoQ10 group compared with those in the control (both P < 0.05). Maximum platelet aggregation was significantly higher in the statin plus CoQ10 group than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). Na-K ATPase activity increased in the statin group and decreased in the statin plus CoQ10 group (P < 0.01). Na-K co-transport and Na passive transport decreased significantly in the control group compared with those in the other groups (both P < 0.05). Intracellular Na was highest in the statin group and lowest in the statin plus CoQ10 group and was correlated with Na-K ATPase activity. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance production in platelet-rich plasma and liver tended to decrease in the statin plus CoQ10 group compared with those in the other groups. Plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase increased significantly in the statin group compared with those in the control (P < 0.05). These result suggest that antioxidant rich AJB did not have positive effects on cardiovascular disease parameters. The statin plus CoQ10 seemed to decrease cholesterol more efficiently than that of statin alone.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 streptozotocin-유도 당뇨쥐를 이용하여 배양인삼의 첨가식이가 혈당강하 및 지질대사 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 대조군과 당뇨대조군, 5% 및 10% 배야인삼첨가군 등 모두 4군으로 나누어 해당식이로 2주간 사육하였다. 배양인삼은 당뇨쥐의 체중증가와 혈당저하에 효과를 나타냈으며, 수분 및 사료 섭취량도 줄여 당뇨병 증세의 개선효과를 보였다. 또한 당뇨쥐의 지질대사를 개선하여 혈장중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤 및 동맥경화지수를 저하시키고 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비율을 증가시켰다. AST 및 ALT의 활성은 5% 첨가군에서만 당뇨대조군에 비해 낮은 값을 보였으며, 10% 첨가군에서는 오히려 높은 값을 보였다. Creatinine의 함량은 모든 첨가군에서 당뇨대조군에 비해 현저히 낮은 값을 보였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2008

Spirulina is a microscopic and filamentous cyanobacterium that contains essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidative components. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of spirulina intervention in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were 37 type 2 diabetic patients who visited a diabetic clinic in Seoul and randomly assigned into spirulina (8 g/day) or control group. During the intervention period of 12 weeks, subjects were asked to keep usual diet and prohibited to take any functional foods or dietary supplements. Spirulina supplementation for 12 weeks did not affect anthropometric parameters, however, lowered plasma triglycerides level significantly (p<0.05). Spirulina supplementation also resulted in a significant reduction in plasma malondialdehyde level (p<0.05) and an increase in plasma adiponectin level (p<0.1). The lipid lowering effect of spirulina supplementation was different according to serum lipid levels of the subjects before entering the intervention. The subjects with higher initial triglyceride level showed higher reduction in plasma triglyceride and blood pressure. The subjects with higher initial total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level showed higher reduction in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, IL-6, and blood pressure. It seems that spirulina supplementation is more effective in subjects with dyslipidemia. This study provides the evidence for beneficial effects of spirulina supplementation on blood lipid profiles, inflammatory variables, and antioxidant capacity in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. The results suggest that spirulina is a promising agent as a functional food for diabetes management.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2002

Alteration in the syntesis or enhanced inactivation of nitric oxide(NO) can induce impairment of endothelial cell function. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) is characterized by impaired endothelial function and vascular disease. NO is produced through L-arginine pathway To elucidate the hypothesis that the decreased production on NO in IDDM reflects vascular damage and the NO production can be manipulated by either dietary fat(7% of kg diet) or the oral supplementation with L-arginine(2g/kg bw), plasma markers for vascular endothelial damage and plasma lipid profiles were measured in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic or normal Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks(SO : soybean oil, SOA: soybean oil + L-arginine supplementation, BT : beef tallow, BTA_ beef tallow + L-arginine supplementation, OV olive oil, OVA : olive oil + L-arginine supplementation). Plasma glucose, total cholesterel, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were measured. Endothelial markers, plasma von Willebrand factor(vWf), thromboxane B$_2$, and 6-keto PGF1$\alpha$ of aorta were measured by ELISA. Plasma NO production was evaluated through the measurement of nitrite by EIA. Feeding saturated fatty acid(SFA, BT) increased relative liver size(RLS) in diabetic rats compared to either polyunsatunted fatty acid(PUFA, SO) or monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA, OV) The supplementation of L-arginine inhibited the liver and kidney enlargement in olive oil find diabetic rats. Plasma glucose was lower in diabetic animal find the olive oil compared to fed beef tallow and the supplementation L-arginine decreased it in diabetic rats find beef tallow significantly(p < 0.05). Plasma TXB$_2$ levels were increased due to diabetes and the value of beef tallow group showed highest value. Plasma vWf concentration of beef tallow group was higher value in normal rats and was elevated more in diabetes. In diabetic groups, the vWf concentration of olive oil group was lower than beef tallow or soybean oil group. The supplementation of L-arginine in diabetic rats decreased plasma TXB$_2$ and vWf levels significantly(p < 0.05). NO production was higher in normal olive oil fed rats and was tend to be decreased in diabetic rats and the supplementation of L-arginine recovered to normal value(p < 0.05), Olive oil supplemented with L-arginine tended to lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol after 4 week treatment. These results suggest that generalized vascular endothelial changes based on plasma TXB$_2$and vWf occurs in diabetic rats. and olive oil with L-arginine supplementation contributes to a better control of the hyperglycemia, endothelial changes and hypercholesterolemia accompanying diabetes as compared with beef tallow or soy bean oil in this rat model.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.906-912
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• 2001

유산소성 운동과 김치보충제 섭취가 비만 여중생의 신체 조성 및 혈중지질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 운동군은 HRmax 60~85%운동강도의 조깅, 줄넘기운동을 매회 60분, 주 4회 실시하고, 김치 보충제 섭취군은 500 mg 의 김치 분말이 들어 있는 김치 보충제 6알 총 3g (김치약 30g)을 총 6주간 섬취하게 하였다. 실험에 참가한 여중생은 총 38명으로 운동군(EG) 8명, 김치 보충제 군(KG)12명, 그리고 운동과 김치 보충제 섭취를 병행한 군(EKG) 8명의 비만여중생 28명, 그리고 정상체중을 지닌 대조군(CG) 10명이었다. 운동 또는 김치 보충제를 6주간 섭취한 EKG, EG 그리고 KG는 CG 그룹에 비해 신체 조성 및 혈중 지질 농도가 유의하게 감소하였다. 체중, BMI 체지방 및 체지방율의 감소 정도는 EKG, EG 그리고 KG 순이었으며, 비만도를 낮추는 효과는 EKG, KG 그리고 EG순으로 나타났다. 총 콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 감소는 EKG, KG 그리고 EG 순으로 나타났으며, 중성지질 감소는 EKG, EG, 그리고 KG 순이었고, HDL-콜레스테롤 농는 EKG와 EG 그룸이 KG와 CG에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 살펴보았을 때 혈중 중서이방 농도를 포함하여 체지방 조성과 관련 있는 요인들은 운동이 김치 보충제 섭취보다 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났고 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도를 감소시키는 효과는 운동보다는 김치 보충제 섭취가 효과적이었다. 그러나, 비만 여중생의 비만을 조절하는데 있어서 이 두 방법을 단독으로 실시한 결과보다는 두용법을 병행한 즉, 김치 보충제를 섭취하면서 운동을 병행한 군의 효고가 가장 현저하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 여중생의 비만을 치료하는데 있어 운동 이외에 김치를 많이 섭취하는 식이요법을 병행하명 상당한 효과가 있을 것으로 관찰되었다.