• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2002

In order to investigate the effects of chitosan on the normal and cyclophosphamide (CY)-suppressed primary humoral immune response in mice, chitosan was orally administered alone (single dose of 62.5, 250 mg/kg) or with CY (20 mg/kg, i.p.) to female ICR mice on the 2nd day before or after immunization with SRBC-antigen. When chitosan alone was administered before antigenic challenge, splenic IgM plaque forming cells (PFC) and splenic cellularity were slightly increased and serum IgM was not changed when compared with control group. However, chitosan significantly enhanced PFC, serum IgM and splenic cellularity when administered after antigenic challenge. The PFC numbers, serum IgM and splenic cellularity were significantly decreased by the treatment of CY, whereas those values were slightly increased by the concomitant treament of CY and chitosan when compared with CY alone-administration. These results indicate that chitosan is able to increase normal humoral immunity (HI) and to slightly inhibit the suppressive effects of CY on HI.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Allantoin, Hinokitiol, Cetylpyridinium chloride containing gel($Dentheth^{(R)}$) on periodontitis. 41 patients with sites having pocket depth of 4-6mm were selected for the study. We classified 2 groups which consisted of 21 patients in the test group(exp.) and 20 patients in the control(placebo) respectively. Following a baseline examination, plaque and calculus were removed and then the experimental gel were handed out to the patients and topical application regimens were initiated. During the 4-week experimental period, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index, plaque index as a clinical parameters were measured in the baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. A questionnaire was delivered to each patients in 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. The results were as follows : 1. Probing pocket depth showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 2. The Exp. group showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks in bleeding on probing(p<0.05). 3. The gingival index showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after 4 weeks use of a gel(p<0.05). 4. The plaque index showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 5. A questionnaire was consisted of 5 kinds as to bleeding, pus discharge, pain, burning sensation, patient's satisfaction and all of the questions showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 6. During the 4-week experimental period, important side-effects were not finded out, but each groups had one patient appealed nausea or discomfort respectively. These results indicate that application of periodontitis medical gel was useful as an additional aid of mechanical treatment.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2013

This study utilized an analysis method for detecting six microorganisms, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythus, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia, triggering periodontal disease, using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The analysis including internal control was made by dividing the six species into two groups using four fluorescence dyes, and it was verified that there was no interference or cross-reaction between the target species and different kinds of oral microbial species. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted on each microorganism in various samples, such as saliva and the plaque, using the multiplex real-time PCR and comparative analysis between periodontitis patients and healthy people, revealing obvious differences between them.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.415-419
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• 2004

Effects of feeding seven strains of Lactobacillus spp. on the level of cell glutathione sulphydryl (GSH) in spleen, liver and erythrocyte of the ICR mice and on the level of immunoglobulin M in the spleen were determined. The level of cell glutathione sulphydryl in the spleen was dependent on the strain of Lactobacilli, it was significantly higher in the mice fed with L. casei CU 001, L. rhamnosus CU 02, L. acidophilus NCFM and L. casei YIT9018 (p>0.05). The level of cell glutathione sulphydryl in the liver increased in the mice fed with L. casei YIT9018, L. acidophilus NCFM, L. casei CU 001 (p>0.05), the level of glutathione sulphydryl of the erythrocyte showed significantly higher value than control mice when fed with L. acidophilus NCFM, L. casei YIT9018, L. casei CU 001 (p>0.05). The level of immunoglobulin M in the spleen of ICR mice expressed as the plaque count revealed significantly higher value than the control mice when fed with L. casei CU 001, L. acidophilus NCFM and L.casei YIT 9018.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.170-182
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of minocycline-loaded polycaprolactone strip on periodontal disease. Ten patients with probing depth (deeper than 5mm) were tested. Of the two periodontal pockets selected from each patient, one randomly selected pocket was treated by the insertion of 30% minocycline-loaded polycaprolactone sttip as the experimental group and the other with a minocycline-free polycaprolactone strip as the control group. All groups were examined by clinical and microbiological methods. 1. Plaque index scores, gingival index scores and sulcular bleeding index scores in both group were significantly reduced from the baseline to 2 weeks. Plaque index scores of experimental group and sulcular bleeding index scores of control group tended to be progressively reduced in all experimental periods. 2. Probing depth amounts in both group were significantly reduced from 4 weeks to 8 weeks. 3. Attachment loss amounts in both group shows no singnificant differences in time. Attachment loss amounts in experimental group tended to be less than those in control group. 4. The number of cocci in both groups were significantly increased in all experimental periods, but that of the non-motile rods were significantly reduced from 2 weeks in experimental group, and from 4 weeks in control group, that of the motile rods were reduced from 4 weeks in experimental group and from 1 week in control group. The number of spirochetes were reduced from I week during all experimental period in experimental group, but there was no changes in control group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.251-259
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• 2020

Purpose: This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effects of an electric toothbrush with 3 colors of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on antiplaque and bleeding control. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial included 50 healthy adults with gingivitis, who were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group used electric toothbrushes with 3 colors of LEDs and the control group used the same electric toothbrush as the experimental group, but with LED sources with one-hundredth of the strength. The subjects used the electric toothbrush 3 times a day for 4 minutes each time. As clinical indices, bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP), the Löe-Silness gingival index (GI), and the Turesky-Quigley-Hein plaque index (QHI) were assessed at baseline, at 3 weeks, and at 6 weeks. Results: There were significant decreases in all clinical indices (BOMP, GI, QHI) in both the experimental and control groups compared to baseline at 3 weeks and at 6 weeks. In a comparison between the experimental and control groups, no statistically significant differences were observed for any clinical indices at 3 weeks (P>0.05). However, at 6 weeks, statistically significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in BOMP and GI, which are indicators of gingival inflammation (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that an electric toothbrush combined with 3-color LEDs reduced gingival bleeding and inflammation after 6 weeks.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.489-502
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the third molar and periodontal status of the adjacent second molar. Fifty patients who had four maxillary and mandibular second molars were consecutively selected for the study subjects. The subjects provided a total of 200 molars, i. e., 100 maxillary and 100 mandibular molars, and classified the groups as follows; third molars that are normally erupted are control group, that are impacted are test 1 group, that are simply extracted are test 2 group, that are surgically extracted are test 3 group. Probing depth, plaque index, gingival index and mobility were measured. The results were as follows. 1. In mesial probing depth, there was no significantly difference. In distal probing depth, there was a significantly difference between control group and test 1 & 3 group in maxilla and between control & test 2 group and test 1& 3 group in mandible(p<0.05). 2. In buccal probing depth, there was a significantly difference between test 2 group and test 3 group in mandible. In lingual probing depth, there was a significantly difference between control group and test 1 & 3 group in mandible(p<0.05). 3. In plaque index, there was a significantly difference between test 1 group and test 2 group in maxilla, between test 1 group and control & test 2 group in mandible(p<0.05). 4. In gingival index, there was a significantly difference between control group and test 1 & 3 group in mandible. In mobility, there was no significantly difference(p<0.05). As a result of this study, the second molars adjacent to the third molars that are impacted or surgically extracted had poor prognosis, so impacted third molars should be extracted in early time and the second molars are actively treated for periodontal health.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.665-683
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• 2002

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has additional amylase activity besides mutanolytic activity and has been suggested as promising anti-plaque agent. It has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. In human experimental gingivitis　model and 6 month clinical trial, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces　starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effect was negligible. This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase on human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts at the 4th to 6th passages were used. Glucanhydrolase solution was made from lyophilized glucanhydrolase powder from a mutant of Lipomyces stakeyi KSM 22 solved in PBS and added to DMEM medium to the final concentration of 0.5, 1, and 2 unit. Cells were exposed to glucanhydrolase solution or 0.1 % chlorhexidine and the cells cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotics as control. After exposure, the morphological change, cell attachment, and cell activity by MTT assay were evaluated in 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 24 hours after treatment. The cell proliferation and cell activity was also evaluated at 2 and 7 days after 1 minute exposure, twice a day. The cell morphology was similar between the Lipomyces smkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase groups and control group during the incubation periods, while most fibroblasts remained as round cell regardless of incubation time in the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the attached cells in the glucanhydrolase groups were comparable to that of control and significantly higher than the chlorhexidine group. The numbers of the proliferated cells in the glucanhydrolase groups at 7 days of incubation were comparable to the control group and higher than the chlorhexidine group. The cell activity in glucanhydrolase groups paralleled with the increased cell number by attachment and proliferation. According to these results, Lipomyces starkeyj KSM 22 glucanhydrolase has little harmful effect on attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts, in contrast to 0.1% chlorhexidine which was cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is considered as a safe and promising agent for new mouthwash formula in the near future.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of dentifrice containing Horseradish (Armoracia rustica) root extracts on improvement of oral hygiene. The clinical evaluation was done participated by 80 adults volunteers who provided a informed consent for their participation. The participants were divided into two groups ; control group (using toothpaste without Horseradish extracts) and experimental group (using toothpaste containing Horseradish extracts). The checklist of the experiment includes the plaque index, gingival index and anti-caries activity. The anti-caries activity was measured by cultivating Streptococcus mutans for 48 hours then estimating the number of increased bacteria using Dentocult SM. The double-blind method was used in this study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The plaque formation decreased 28% in control group, 58% in experimental group using dentifrice with Horseradish extracts compared to baseline data. 2. For gingival index, control group and experimental group showed 26% and 40% decrease compared to baseline data, respectively. 3. The score of caries activity test decreased by 4% for control group and 69% for experimental group compared to baseline data. According to the results, a dentifrice containing Horseradish extracts can improve oral hygiene.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.407-414
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of third molar extraction on the periodontal status of the adjacent second molar. A total of 61 second molars in 31 adult periodontitis patients were examined. Among them, 27 second molars without adjacent third molars were included in the test group, and 34 second molars with third molar were included in the control group. Clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, and pocket depth and radiographic bone loss were measured around the second molar both in test and control group. The result showed that: (1) the mean plaque index and gingival index of control group were higher than these of the test group but the difference was not statistically significant, (2) the mean pocket depth of the control group was higher than the test group significantly at distal and buccal surface, (3) radiographic hone loss was greater in control group than test group significantly, (4) in Pearson correlation analysis between the age of extraction and radiographic bone loss in the test group, a positive relationship was shown(p<0.01). Within limitation of this study, it may be concluded that third molar extraction in periodontitis patients showed an improvement in periodontal status in contrast the patients group having third molar, therefore earlier a removal of third molar may minimize radiographic hone loss of the adjacent second molar.